scholarly journals Reversed passive anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig

1940 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van den Ende
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Rabbit Antibody ◽  
Egg Albumin

Attempts to demonstrate reversed passive anaphylaxis in the guinea-pig with crystalline egg albumin as sensitizing antigen have been uniformly negative.When purified anti-pneumococcal antibody globulin was used as sensitizing antigen, reversed anaphylactic shock could be elicited in guinea-pigs by the intravenous injection of precipitins for the antibody globulin.The mild reactions which could be elicited when the total globulins from the serum of normal rabbits were used as sensitizing antigen are probably dependent on the presence of small amounts of y globulin.Reversed passive anaphylaxis, like direct anaphylaxis, is dependent on a cellular mechanism, and the success of experiments in which rabbit antibody globulin was used as sensitizing antigen depends on the acceptability of the antibody to the cells of the guinea-pig's tissues.Antigenic differences between antibody globulins and total normal globulins from rabbit serum are noted.

scholarly journals Afibrinogenemia and Thrombocytopenia in Guinea Pigs Following Injection of Echis Colorata Venom

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
JADWIGA RECHNIC ◽  
POLA TRACHTENBERG ◽  
JULIAN CASPER ◽  
CHAJA MOROZ ◽  
ANDRÉ DE VRIES
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Procoagulant Activity ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Factor V Deficiency ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity ◽  
Fraction I ◽  
Lethal Doses

Abstract Intravenous injection into the guinea pig of lethal doses of Echis colorata venom or of each of its two chromatographic fractions, separately, caused hemorrhage, afibrinogenemia, factor V deficiency and thrombocytopenia. Sublethal venom doses caused afibrinogenemia, factor V deficiency and thrombocytopenia in the absence of hemorrhage. Early intravascular clotting was observed following injection of high lethal doses of both whole venom and of procoagulant-containing fraction II, but not of fraction I which was devoid of procoagulant activity. The afibrinogenemia produced by fraction I was due to its fibrinogenolysin, whereas the afibrinogenemia produced by fraction II, which also had fibrinogenolytic activity, was due chiefly to its procoagulant. Anti-Echis colorata venom rabbit serum inhibited the fibrinogenolytic, the procoagulant and the thrombocytopenic activities of the venom.

scholarly journals Passive Anaphylaxis following the immediate injection of Antigen after Antiserum

1936 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Dean ◽  
R. Williamson ◽  
G. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Embarrassment

1. Our experiments show that an intravenous injection of antigen immediately after an intravenous injection of antiserum in the guinea-pig were followed by:(a) Acute shock and death within 5 min. The signs and post-mortem appearances were indistinguishable from acute anaphylactic shock as typically seen in the guinea-pig. Some control animals injected with antiserum only died in a way similar to those which received both antiserum and antigen. These are discussed in detail in the body of the paper.(b) Delayed shock and death some hours later. The post-mortem appearances were those of gastro-intestinal congestion and haemorrhage resembling the changes seen in dogs dying of anaphylactic shock. Such changes were never seen in the control animals.(c) Recovery. Practically all the animals which recovered had symptoms of respiratory embarrassment immediately following the injections of anti-serum and antigen and many had later symptoms of abdominal shock. The animals which were given an injection of antiserum only rarely had any symptoms and never abdominal symptoms.2. It is necessary to test the antisera used by control inoculation since some antisera are toxic.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTHUS TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY

1958 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Salvin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Type Inclusion ◽  
Antibody Determination ◽  
Circulating Antibody

Guinea pigs were injected in the footpads with either purified diphtheria toxoid or recrystallized egg albumin in Freund adjuvant without mycobacteria. Each guinea pig was then skin-tested only once with the specific antigen and bled for antibody determination. After injection of the sensitizing antigen, a latent period occurred during which neither sensitivity nor circulating antibody could be detected. A period of delayed sensitivity followed wherein circulating antibody could not be discerned and which could be transferred by lymph node cells. Ultimately, the Arthus type sensitivity developed, accompanied by circulating antibody. The duration and severity of reactions to homologous antigens during the last 2 phases varied with the antigen and with the dose. An increase in the sensitizing dose decreased the duration of the delayed type of allergy, a decrease in the dose prolonged the delayed type. Inclusion of mycobacterium in the sensitizing inoculum tended to introduce delayed sensitivity earlier and delay the onset of Arthus type sensitivity. When specific precipitate in antibody excess was included with the toxoid in the sensitizing dose, the onset of the Arthus phase was hastened. When lymph nodes from a large number of sensitized donors were removed during the latter part of the latent period, recipients of the cells showed a delayed type sensitivity.

scholarly journals ASPERMATOGENESIS, ANAPHYLAXIS, AND CUTANEOUS SENSITIZATION INDUCED IN THE GUINEA PIG BY HOMOLOGOUS TESTICULAR EXTRACT

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Freund ◽  
George E. Thompson ◽  
Murray M. Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Guinea pig testicles were extracted with acetic acid; the extract was purified by removing material in consecutive precipitations with 30 per cent saturated ammonium-sulfate, trichloracetic acid, and chloroform. The solution so purified, when administered with complete adjuvants, was highly active in inducing impairment of spermatogenesis in guinea pigs. The activity resisted autoclaving at 15 pounds' pressure for 20 minutes, proteolytic enzymes, and formamide. Anaphylactic shock and cutaneous reaction to the purified homologous extract occurred in guinea pigs sensitized by the extract combined with adjuvants. For the production of aspermatogenesis it was essential to incorporate killed mycobacteria into the water-in-oil emulsion containing the antigen; but anaphylactic sensitization did not require the presence of mycobacteria.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL (MANGANESE DIOXIDE) ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY TO THE DOG, RABBIT, GUINEA PIG, RAT, CHICKEN, AND TURTLE

1921 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Lund ◽  
Louis A. Shaw ◽  
Cecil K. Drinker
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Manganese Dioxide ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Distribution

The distribution of manganese dioxide particles 1 hour following intravenous injection in cats, dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, chickens, and turtles is described. This distribution is remarkably constant for all the animals tested, except the cat, in which the injected material is practically equally divided between the lungs and liver. In the other animals the liver performs the main share of the work, and in the cat it has been shown that the liver after 12 hours accumulates the manganese which was formerly deposited in the lungs. The results are in harmony with experiments in which bacterial suspensions are employed for injection and confirm the suggestion previously made (2) that in the first handling of foreign particulate material the animal behaves similarly whether protein or inorganic injections are used.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGY OF THE PERUVIAN STRAINS OF LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROIDES

1921 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyo Noguchi ◽  
I. J. Kligler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Minimum Lethal Dose ◽  
Lethal Doses

Serum from yellow fever convalescents from Payta, Piura, and Morropon gave a positive Pfeiffer reaction with the strains of Leptospira icteroides isolated in Guayaquil and Merida. The serum also protected the guinea pigs from these strains in the majority of instances. The Pfeiffer reaction was complete with all recent convalescents (7 to 36 days) but slight or partial in some instances with serum derived from individuals who had had the attack of yellow fever 10 months previously. The virulence of the Morropon strains was found to be approximately the same as that of the Guayaquil or Merida strains. With one strain the minimum lethal dose for the guinea pig was less than 0.00001 cc. of a kidney emulsion from an infected guinea pig. Suitable quantities of the anti-icteroides serum administered to guinea pigs inoculated with 2,000 to 20,000 minimum lethal doses of infective material prevented the development of the infection, or a fatal outcome, according as the serum was given during the incubation period or after fever had appeared. The earlier the administration of the serum the smaller was the quantity needed; during the incubation period 0.0001 to 0.001 cc. was sufficient, during the febrile period 0.01 to 0.1 cc. was required to check the progress of the disease, and even at the time when jaundice had already appeared, the injection of 0.1 to 1 cc. saved three out of four animals inoculated with Strain 3 and one out of three inoculated with Strain 1. The native guinea pigs secured in Payta proved to be unusually refractory to infection with Leptospira icteroides as compared with normal guinea pigs recently imported from New York. Fresh rabbit serum is recommended for culture work with Leptospira icteroides.

scholarly journals SURFACE TENSION OF SERUM OF THE SENSITIZED GUINEA PIG

1928 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Griffith Ramsdell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
General Process ◽  
Toxic Injury ◽  
Uranium Nitrate

The change in surface tension behavior in the serum of sensitized guinea pigs is, as du Noüy has concluded for immunized rabbit serum, not referable to an antibody content, since we know that the capacity for transfer of sensitization remains in the serum indefinitely, while the increased time-drop phenomenon is a transitory manifestation. That this phenomenon cannot be invoked by a new antigen capable of calling out its specific antibody would seem to make this response one due to some basic stable alteration of a tissue active in the general process of sensitization: That this alteration is not one called out by such a simple toxic injury as a uranium nitrate nephritis is contributory evidence that the primary toxicity of the horse serum is not the specific factor involved.

scholarly journals Late Deaths occurring in Active Anaphylaxis

1936 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Late Death

Conditions are described under which late death from active anaphylaxis occurred in the guinea-pig. The post-mortem appearances were those of gastrointestinal congestion and haemorrhage resembling the changes seen in dogs dying of anaphylactic shock.Late deaths can be produced by the intravenous injection of antigen but more easily by intraperitoneal injections.

scholarly journals THE CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERS OF THE IMMUNITY PRODUCED IN THE GUINEA PIG BY INSTILLATION OF HORSE SERUM INTO THE NOSE

1916 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Sewall ◽  
Cuthbert Powell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Resting Period

1. Normal guinea pigs treated by four to six instillations of horse serum into the nose on alternate days become either hypersensitive or refractory to an intravenous injection of 0.38 cc. of serum given 16 days after the last instillation. If the amount of serum in each instillation is as much as 0.2 cc., anaphylactic death is caused by the toxic injection. If the amount of serum in each instillation is reduced to 0.04 cc. the first intravenous injection is without marked effect, and a second injection and subsequent injections of the same amount of antigen are well tolerated in about half the cases. 2. The effect produced by a given dose of serum, whether protective or anaphylactic, depends probably upon the extent of contact with the mucous membrane of the nose. 3. Guinea pigs which, after nasal treatment, have become tolerant to a definite maximum intravenous injection of the antigen appear to increase the degree of their tolerance, at least up to a resting period of more than 4 months. The same does not hold in animals immunized by the peritoneal route. 4. The first two or three instillations of a series probably determine the biologic character, whether of hypersensitiveness or hyposensitiveness, of reaction towards the serum. 5. It is probable that, contrary to the case in parenteral sensitization, hypersensitiveness and protection, respectively, set up by nasal instillations and not followed by parenteral injections, gradually disappear in about 50 to 100 days. 6. We have failed in attempts to eliminate hypersensitiveness, due to subcutaneous injection of serum, by nasal instillations which would protect the normal animal from the development of anaphylaxis. 7. It is suggested that the principles of prophylaxis evolved under these relatively simple conditions should be applied in the study of infectious disease.

Characteristics of beta-adrenoceptors in tracheal smooth muscle of guinea pig sensitized by egg albumin

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2163-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Nakagoshi ◽  
Katsuo Koike ◽  
Issei Takayanagi
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Scatchard Plot ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptors ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Partial Agonists ◽  
Isolated Trachea ◽  
Partial Blockade

The effect of pretreatment with egg albumin was examined on the beta-adrenoceptors in guinea pig isolated trachea. Befunolol and carteolol acted as partial agonists and their pA2 values were significantly larger than their corresponding pD2 values in tracheae from both untreated guinea pigs and those treated with egg albumin, suggesting that the beta-adrenoceptors contain two different affinity sites. The Scatchard plot of specific [3H]befunolol binding showed two affinity sites of the receptor (high and low affinity sites) in tracheae from both untreated animals and those treated with egg albumin. The pKD values of befunolol for both low and high affinity sites were in agreement with their respective pD2 and pA2 values. The intrinsic activities of befunolol and carteolol and the pD2 values of the test drugs were decreased by the treatment with egg albumin. The treatment with egg albumin also decreased the total amount of the two affinity sites of the receptor without any change in affinity. The present results support the partial blockade of beta-adrenoceptors in asthma proposed by Szentivanyi.

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