scholarly journals Sporadic acute respiratory infections in adults with special reference to adenovirus infections

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Stovin
Keyword(s):  
Common Cold ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
London School ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
The Common

Four out of fifty acute respiratory infections occurring in forty-five adult volunteers in a teaching hospital, from October 1956 to July 1957, were associated with infection by a member of the adenovirus group. In three of these adenovirus infections the clinical picture was quite distinct from that of the common cold, but not from other syndromes of unknown aetiology; in the fourth case the clinical picture was not easily distinguishable from the common cold.It is suggested on the basis of this study that adenovirus vaccines would do little towards reducing sporadic acute respiratory infections in this type of community.Complement-fixing and neutralizing antibody patterns to adenovirus Types 1–7, 9 and 10 were determined in paired sera from forty-four of the forty-five volunteers.I wish to thank all the volunteers who took part in this investigation, Mrs Audrey Rae, A.I.M.L.T., for expert technical assistance, Dr Nuala Crowley and Prof. K. R. Hill, Pathology Department, Royal Free Hospital, Dr H. G. Pereira, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, and Dr F. K. Sanders, M.R.C. Virus Research Unit, London School of Hygiene, for advice and help.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Vitamins and Zinc on Acute Respiratory Infections Including Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2110217
Author(s):  
Indah K. Murni ◽  
Endy P. Prawirohartono ◽  
Rina Triasih
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Short Period

Background. Vitamin C, E, D, A, zinc are considered to be essential in preventing and treating of acute respiratory infections (ARI) including COVID-19. Methods. We reviewed published studies evaluating the potential roles of these vitamin and zinc for ARIs and COVID-19 using Medline database, medRxiv, and bibliographic references. Results. Vitamins C, D, and E did not reduce incidence of common cold in general, but vitamin C reduced by half in population with physical and environment stresses. Vitamins C and E shortened duration and reduced severity of common cold. A large-dose vitamin A had no effect on recovery from pneumonia. Zinc improved clinical deterioration and pneumonia duration in under five. The effect on preventing COVID-19 morbidity and related-death was lacking. Conclusions. Although the effects of vitamins and zinc on ARIs including COVID-19 were inconclusive, taking these for a short period during pandemic may be beneficial when there is risks of deficiency.

scholarly journals The titration of vaccinial neutralizing antibody on chorio-allantoic membranes

1957 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Boulter
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Virus Suspension ◽  
Serum Dilution ◽  
The Common

A study has been made of various factors involved in performing neutralization tests with vaccinia virus on chorio-allantoic membranes.The common practice of using a single serum concentration has been shown to result in a test which is qualitative only. The linear relationship between the logarithm of the pock count of the surviving virus and the logarithm of the serum dilution can be used to determine the dilution of serum which will neutralize 50% of a virus suspension. By this method it is possible to distinguish between sera whose potencies vary by about fourfold.I gratefully acknowledge the advice and criticism given by Dr J. C. N. Westwood and Dr I. A. Macpherson, as well as the help given by Mr S. Peto with the statistical treatment of results. My thanks are also due to Mr H. B. Maber and Corporal M. Fitzpatrick, R.A.M.C., for their technical assistance.

scholarly journals Approaches to Antiviral Chemotherapy for Acute Respiratory Infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Shigeta
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Antiviral Chemotherapy

The causative agents of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in infants and children are mostly thought to be viruses. Some ARI in adult patients may be caused by bacteria but most often the causes are virus infections. When ARI affect immunocompromised patients or the elderly the mortality rates are significantly higher than in immunocompetent individuals. Many types of viruses cause ARI. Among them, influenza viruses A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are thought to be the most important because of the severity of illness after infection and their high communicability in the human population. Recently, several novel antiviral drugs against ARI have been developed and some are proceeding in clinical trials. This review covers current investigations into antiviral compounds targeted at several points in the virus life-cycle. This includes PM-523, which broadly inhibits ortho- and paramyxoviruses, two neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza virus, neutralizing antibody to RSV and chimeric soluble ICAM-1–IgA molecules targeted against rhinoviruses.

scholarly journals Epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis—An Adenovirus Infection

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Sommerville
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Central Public Health ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
Type 3

Two strains of adenovirus Type 3 were isolated from fifty-nine patients suffering from epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis. Serological examination of a further group of fifty-nine patients revealed that neutralizing antibody to adenovirus Type 8 usually developed when the duration of the disease exceeded 14 days, and that at the same time a smaller number of patients also developed low titre neutralizing antibody to Type 3 adenovirus. From the evidence presented it is suggested that adenovirus Type 8 was the infecting organism in the majority of cases, and that when neutralizing antibody to Types 3, 6 or 7 adenovirus was present this probably represented a non-specific effect of stimulation by a heterotypic strain of adenovirus. Insignificant antibody titres by C.F. tests were frequently associated with high titres of neutralizing antibody hi the late convalescent phase of the illness.I would like to express my gratitude for assistance in obtaining material for the investigation to the following clinicians: Dr J. Winning, Dr J. Marshall, Dr A. Mellick and Dr A. M. W. Thomson of the Eye Infirmary, Glasgow, and to Dr E. McNaught of the Ophthalmic Institution, Glasgow; for supplies of adenovirus seed to Dr B. E. Andrews, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale and Dr D. A. J. Tyrrell, Virus Research Laboratory, Sheffield; and for technical assistance to C. McLean, F.I.M.L.T., H. G. Carson, F.I.M.L.T. and J. Kerr.

scholarly journals THE ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION (COMMON COLD)

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perrin H. Long ◽  
James A. Doull ◽  
Janet M. Bourn ◽  
Emily McComb
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infections ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Experimental upper respiratory infections similar to "common colds" were transmitted singly and in series through two and four passages in nine out of fifteen persons, by intransal inoculations with bacteria-free filtrates of nasopharyngeal washings obtained from individuals ill with natural "colds." These observations conform with those reported by previous workers and lend further support to the view that the incitant of the "common cold" is a filtrable virus.

The Role of Immunity in the common Cold and Related Viral Respiratory Infections

1963 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis B. Lefkowitz ◽  
George Gee Jackson ◽  
Harry F. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Common ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

scholarly journals Pattern of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children under five years of age in Jos Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
CS Yilgwan ◽  
C John ◽  
II Abok ◽  
SN Okolo
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
Cardinal Feature

Background: Acute respiratory infections are the commonest cause of acute morbidity in children especially those under five in the developing countries. Clinical diagnosis is of utmost importance considering the unavailability of radiological and microbiological services in most primary care settings in most developing countries.Methodology: Thirty nine children with symptoms of acute respiratoryinfection attending our emergency room over a one year period wererecruited. Each had a CXR and blood culture ordered by the attendingphysician on admission.Results: Thirty nine subjects were admitted with ARI with a hospitalprevalence of 43.5/1000 person per year (39/897). Mean age was18.75+17.23 mo, (Females =25.6+19.1, Males = 13.8+14.2, t=2.2, p=0.03). Bronchiolitis was the commonest ARI seen in infants, tonsillitis in children beyond infancy while pneumonia was seen in all age groups. The cardinal feature of each disease entity was Fever, cough, breathlessness, tachycardia and hypoxemia in those with Pneumonia; Catarrh, nasal congestion and tachypnoea in those with bronchiolitis, while fever and vomiting were seen in those with pharyngotonsilitis.Conclusion: This review highlights the common ARI in our setting.Efforts need to be intensified on the identification of children with ARIin the children emergency room with the aim of prompt and appropriatemanagement in order to meet the MDG targets.

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