Bones of contention. The supply of temporal bones for dissection: the legalities, problems and solutions

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 1138-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Morris ◽  
D. A. Luff ◽  
S. P. Hargreaves ◽  
M. P. Rothera
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Specialist Registrar ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractTemporal bone dissection is considered to be an important aspect of the otological training of the Specialist Registrar with dissection skills being formally assessed in the Intercollegiate Fellowship Examination. However the procurement of cadaveric specimens suitable for dissection may be fraught with difficulties. The authors take an historical perspective to clarify the existing legal issues and outline the means available to improve supply.

Otologic Histopathology of Fabry's Disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Schachern ◽  
Michael M. Paparella ◽  
Donald A. Shea ◽  
Tae H. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Fabry’S Disease ◽  
Fabry's Disease ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Spiral Ganglia

Fabry's disease is a rare progressive X-linked recessive disorder of glycosphingolipid metabolism. The accumulation of glycosphingolipids occurs in virtually all areas of the body, including the endothelial, perithelial, and smooth-muscle cells of blood vessels, the ganglion cells of the autonomic nervous system, and the glomeruli and tubules of the kidney. Although otologic symptoms have been described in these patients, to our knowledge there have been no temporal bone histopathologic reports. We describe the clinical histories, audiometric results, and temporal bone findings of two patients with this rare disorder. Both patients demonstrated a bilateral sloping sensorineural hearing loss audiometrically. Middle ear findings of seropurulent effusions and hyperplastic mucosa were seen in all four temporal bones. Strial and spiral ligament atrophy in all turns, and hair cell loss mainly in the basal turns, were also common findings. The number of spiral ganglion cells was reduced in all temporal bones; however, evidence of glycosphingolipid accumulation was not observed in the spiral ganglia.

scholarly journals Temporal Bone Pathology in Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma; A Study of 25 Temporal Bones.

1991 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Ohira ◽  
Kimitaka Kaga ◽  
Keiyu Uebo ◽  
Akira Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Bone Pathology ◽  
Temporal Bones

scholarly journals The Effect of Pulling Out Cochlear Implant Electrodes on Inner Ear Microstructures: A Temporal Bone Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Todt ◽  
Rainer O. Seidl ◽  
Arne Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Temporal Bones

The exchange of an cochlear implant or the re-positioning of an electrode have become more frequently required than a decade ago. The consequences of such procedures at a microstructural level within the cochlea are not known. It was the aim of the present study to further investigate the effects of an CI electrode pull-out. Therefore 10 freshly harvested temporal bones (TB) were histologically evaluated after a cochlear implant electrode pull-out of a perimodiolar electrode. In additional 9 TB the intrascalar movements of the CI electrode while being pulled-out were digitally analysed by video- capturing. Histologically, a disruption of the modiolar wall or the spiral osseous lamina were not observed. In one TB, a basilar membrane lifting up was found, but it could not be undoubtedly attributed to the pull-out of the electrode. When analyzing the temporal sequence of the electrode movement during the pull-out, the electrode turned in one case so that the tip elevates the basilar membrane. The pull- out of perimodiolarly placed CI electrodes does not damage the modiolar wall at a microstructural level and should be guided (e.g., forceps) to prevent a 90 o turning of the electrode tip into the direction of the basilar membrane.

scholarly journals Bilateral temporal bone fractures: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Kiran Natarajan ◽  
Koka Madhav ◽  
A. V. Saraswathi ◽  
Mohan Kameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Bones

<p>Bilateral temporal bone fractures are rare; accounting for 9% to 20% of cases of temporal bone fractures. Clinical manifestations include hearing loss, facial paralysis, CSF otorhinorrhea and dizziness. This is a case report of a patient who presented with bilateral temporal bone fractures. This is a report of a 23-yr-old male who sustained bilateral temporal bone fractures and presented 18 days later with complaints of watery discharge from left ear and nose, bilateral profound hearing loss and facial weakness on the right side. Pure tone audiometry revealed bilateral profound sensori-neural hearing loss. CT temporal bones &amp; MRI scans of brain were done to assess the extent of injuries. The patient underwent left CSF otorrhea repair, as the CSF leak was active and not responding to conservative management. One week later, the patient underwent right facial nerve decompression. The patient could not afford a cochlear implant (CI) in the right ear at the same sitting, however, implantation was advised as soon as possible because of the risk of cochlear ossification. The transcochlear approach was used to seal the CSF leak from the oval and round windows on the left side. The facial nerve was decompressed on the right side. The House-Brackmann grade improved from Grade V to grade III at last follow-up. Patients with bilateral temporal bone fractures require prompt assessment and management to decrease the risk of complications such as meningitis, permanent facial paralysis or hearing loss. </p>

scholarly journals The depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
B. Y. Praveen Kumar ◽  
K. T. Chandrashekhar ◽  
M. K. Veena Pani ◽  
Sunil K. C. ◽  
Anand Kumar S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
Cortical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Canal Wall Down ◽  
Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal Bones

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The hallmark of the temporal bone is variation. Various important structures like the facial nerve run in the temporal bone at various depths which can be injured during mastoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty wet cadaveric temporal bones were dissected. A cortical mastoidectomy was performed followed by a canal wall down mastoidectomy and the depth of the vertical segment of the facial nerve in the mastoid was determined.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean depth of the second genu was 13.82 mm. The mean depth of the stylomastoid foramen was 12.75 mm and the mean distance from the annulus at 6’0 clock to the stylomastoid foramen was 10.22 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is significant variation in the average depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid. </p>

Digital Prepress

2011 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Mark Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Printing Industry ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Work Done

This chapter identifies changes that the printing industry has undergone during the past 25 years as a result of the digital revolution. It also provides a brief historical perspective of the printing industry and how it has evolved. It is undeniable that the computer has had an impact on the development of print media and today it is rare to find any prepress work done without the use of some digital technology. The workflow of a traditional printed piece is described from start to finish and is compared to a more modern digital workflow to familiarize readers with the processes and contrast the old with the new techniques. This chapter will identify common problems that occur in the preparation of print media using digital technologies. In particular, it will explore a variety of problems and solutions related to the use of digital prepress as well as identifying new innovations intended to improve prepress operations in the future.

Chondrosarcomas of the skull base and temporal bone

2007 ◽  
Vol 121 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
L R Lustig ◽  
J Sciubba ◽  
M J Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Tumour Control ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Rare Tumours ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the clinical presentation and outcomes of treatment for patients with chondrosarcomas involving the skull base and temporal bone.Study design:Retrospective review.Setting:Tertiary medical centre.Patients:Cases of histologically confirmed chondrosarcoma involving the skull base and temporal bones.Intervention:Surgery.Main outcome measures:Demographic features of presenting patients; presenting symptoms and signs; surgical approach employed; use of post-operative radiation therapy; histological grade of tumour; and interval of post-operative follow up.Results: Twelve patients were identified with chondrosarcomas involving the skull base, with post-operative follow up ranging from three to 33 years. The average age at presentation was 42 years. The most common presenting symptoms were diplopia, decreased visual acuity and headaches. Five of the 12 patients required multiple surgical procedures.Conclusions:Patients with chondrosarcoma involving the skull base and temporal bone may present in a variety of ways. Surgical resection, even subtotal, in combination with radiation therapy, can often provide good tumour control over many years for these rare tumours.

The Somjee-Crabtree temporal bone support clamp

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehnaz Somjee
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
New Device ◽  
Temporal Bones

AbstractA new device is introduced for holding temporal bones during dissection. It is structurally very different, more practical and effective for securing the bone than the temporal bone holding bowl which has been in use so far.

Locating the scala media in the fixed human temporal bone for therapeutic access: a preliminary study

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 914-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Pau ◽  
P Fagan ◽  
S Oleskevich
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Oval Window ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Anterior Edge ◽  
Human Temporal Bone ◽  
Round Window Niche ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
A Site

Objective: To investigate the location of the scala media in relation to the round window niche in human temporal bones.Design: Ten human temporal bones were investigated by radical mastoidectomy and promontory drill-out.Setting: Temporal bone laboratory.Outcome measures: The distance from the scala media to the anterior edge of the round window niche, measured by Fisch's stapedectomy measuring cylinders.Results: The scala media was identified at the transection point of a vertical line 1.6 to 2.2 mm (mean=1.8 mm; standard deviation=0.2) anterior to the anterior edge of the round window niche and a horizontal line 0.2 mm inferior to the lower border of the oval window.Conclusion: This report demonstrates the point of entry into the scala media via the promontory in fixed temporal bone models, which may provide a site of entry for stem cells and gene therapy insertion.

Temporal bone Pneumatization in Otosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Ganc ◽  
Robert W. Jyung
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Temporal Bone Pneumatization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temporal Bones

Objectives To determine whether there is a difference in the pneumatization of temporal bones with otosclerosis versus normal temporal bones. Methods A retrospective study of 46 ears from 24 adult patients with otosclerosis and 64 ears from 47 adult patients in a control group. The study group included temporal bone CT scans available from patients with otosclerosis. The control group consisted of patients who had temporal bone CTs for reasons likely unrelated to a history of middle ear disease. Data were obtained with a virtual reality system that allows three-dimensional manipulation and analysis. Results The temporal bone pneumatization for the otosclerosis group was 4.82 ± 2.27 cm3 vs 6.06 ± 2.71 cm3 for the control group. Two-sample t test analysis revealed no statistical significance ( P = 0.059) between pneumatization in the control vs otosclerosis groups. Conclusion There is no difference in temporal bone pneumatization between patients with otosclerosis and a control population. Therefore, temporal bone pneumatization by itself is not an adequate explanation for the apparent protective effect of otosclerosis against otitis media. © 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.

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