Substance P-like immunoreactivity in the rabbit inner ear

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Ylikoski ◽  
Liisa Eränkö ◽  
Heikki Päivärinta
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Vestibular Sensory Epithelia

Abstract The auditory and vestibular sense-organs of the rabbit were examined for the presence of substance P(SP) by an immunohistochemical technique using a monoclonal SP-antibody. Between 30 and 40 per cent of the cells of the vestibular ganglia and about 50 per cent of the spiral ganglion cells innervating the extreme basal part of the cochlea showed SP-like immunoreactivity. The neural elements in the vestibular sensory epithelia, notably the calyx-formed nerve terminals of type 1 sensory cells of the maculae, also showed strong SP-like immunoreactivity. The findings suggest the possibility of a modulator or transmitter role for SP in the inner ear function.

Brn3a is a transcriptional regulator of soma size, target field innervation and axon pathfinding of inner ear sensory neurons

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (13) ◽  
pp. 2421-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Huang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Bernd Fritzsch ◽  
Lynne M. Bianchi ◽  
Louis F. Reichardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Axon Pathfinding ◽  
Target Field ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Soma Size ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The POU domain transcription factors Brn3a, Brn3b and Brn3c are required for the proper development of sensory ganglia, retinal ganglion cells, and inner ear hair cells, respectively. We have investigated the roles of Brn3a in neuronal differentiation and target innervation in the facial-stato-acoustic ganglion. We show that absence of Brn3a results in a substantial reduction in neuronal size, abnormal neuronal migration and downregulation of gene expression, including that of the neurotrophin receptor TrkC, parvalbumin and Brn3b. Selective loss of TrkC neurons in the spiral ganglion of Brn3a−/− cochlea leads to an innervation defect similar to that of TrkC−/− mice. Most remarkably, our results uncover a novel role for Brn3a in regulating axon pathfinding and target field innervation by spiral and vestibular ganglion neurons. Loss of Brn3a results in severe retardation in development of the axon projections to the cochlea and the posterior vertical canal as early as E13.5. In addition, efferent axons that use the afferent fibers as a scaffold during pathfinding also show severe misrouting. Interestingly, despite the well-established roles of ephrins and EphB receptors in axon pathfinding, expression of these molecules does not appear to be affected in Brn3a−/− mice. Thus, Brn3a must control additional downstream genes that are required for axon pathfinding.

scholarly journals Intrinsically Self-renewing Neuroprogenitors From the A/J Mouse Spiral Ganglion as Virtually Unlimited Source of Mature Auditory Neurons

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Rousset ◽  
Vivianne B. C. Kokje ◽  
Rebecca Sipione ◽  
Dominik Schmidbauer ◽  
German Nacher-Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Nearly 460 million individuals are affected by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), one of the most common human sensory disorders. In mammals, hearing loss is permanent due to the lack of efficient regenerative capacity of the sensory epithelia and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). Sphere-forming progenitor cells can be isolated from the mammalian inner ear and give rise to inner ear specific cell types in vitro. However, the self-renewing capacities of auditory progenitor cells from the sensory and neuronal compartment are limited to few passages, even after adding powerful growth factor cocktails. Here, we provide phenotypical and functional characterization of a new pool of auditory progenitors as sustainable source for sphere-derived auditory neurons. The so-called phoenix auditory neuroprogenitors, isolated from the A/J mouse spiral ganglion, exhibit robust intrinsic self-renewal properties beyond 40 passages. At any passage or freezing–thawing cycle, phoenix spheres can be efficiently differentiated into mature spiral ganglion cells by withdrawing growth factors. The differentiated cells express both neuronal and glial cell phenotypic markers and exhibit similar functional properties as mouse spiral ganglion primary explants and human sphere-derived spiral ganglion cells. In contrast to other rodent models aiming at sustained production of auditory neurons, no genetic transformation of the progenitors is needed. Phoenix spheres therefore represent an interesting starting point to further investigate self-renewal in the mammalian inner ear, which is still far from any clinical application. In the meantime, phoenix spheres already offer an unlimited source of mammalian auditory neurons for high-throughput screens while substantially reducing the numbers of animals needed.

Type 1 vanilloid receptor expression by mammalian inner ear ganglion cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 175 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey D Balaban ◽  
Jianxun Zhou ◽  
Ha-sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Vanilloid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression

Substance P inhibits potassium and calcium currents in inner ear spiral ganglion neurons

2004 ◽  
Vol 1012 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Da-Lian Ding ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jianhe Sun ◽  
Xiaojie Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Calcium Currents ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Localization of Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Murine Inner Ear

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Shimazaki ◽  
Masashi Suzuki ◽  
Issei Ichimiya ◽  
Goro Mogi
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Spiral Ligament ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Vestibular Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Cochlear Supporting Cells ◽  
Spiral Ganglia

We performed an immunohistochemical investigation of the distribution of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the murine inner ear and found that GRs were expressed extensively, but with various degrees of immunoreactivity in different regions. We observed the strongest GR expression in the type III fibrocytes of the spiral ligament. Although the immunoreactivity of the cochlear hair cells and of the vestibular sensory epithelia was weak, the neighboring cochlear supporting cells and the subepithelial regions of the vestibular sensory epithelia were immunostained. Staining for GRs was also positive in the spiral ganglia and vestibular ganglia, as well as in the endolymphatic sac. The role of GRs in the inner ear is discussed.

Inner Ear Degeneration in Acoustic Neurinoma

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiro Suga ◽  
John R. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Tectorial Membrane ◽  
Acoustic Neurinoma ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Temporal Bones

The temporal bones of three cases of acoustic neurinoma are described to illustrate histopathological features of inner ear lesions due to chronic partial obstruction of blood circulation by the tumor in the internal auditory meatus. Degenerative changes in the inner ear due to acoustic neurinoma were evaluated and compared with changes in the opposite ear. The main pathological findings in the inner ear which were attributed to the tumor were degeneration of nerve fibers and of ganglion cells, degeneration of the stria vascularis, degeneration of the tectorial membrane, fibrosis and ossification of a semicircular canal. Fairly good preservation of sensory cells was observed in the presence of total degeneration of nerve fibers and ganglion cells and subtotal degeneration of the stria vascularis.

Cochlear Changes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisaki Fukushima ◽  
Sebahattin Cureoglu ◽  
Patricia A. Schachern ◽  
Takeshi Kusunoki ◽  
Mehmet F. Oktay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Lateral Walls

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diabetes on cochlear elements in human beings. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Twenty-six temporal bones (mean age, 37.5 years) with type 1 diabetes and 30 age-matched controls were examined by light microscopy. We compared the findings of cochlear vessels, hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, and cochlear lateral walls. RESULTS: In diabetics, the walls of vessels of the basilar membrane ( P < 0.001) and vessels of the stria vascularis were ( P < 0.01) significantly thicker in all turns and loss of outer hair cells (OHCs) was significantly greater in the lower basal turn ( P < 0.01). Atrophy of the stria vascularis in all turns ( P < 0.0001) and loss of spiral ligament cells in upper turns ( P < 0.01) were significantly higher than controls. No significant difference was obtained in the number of spiral ganglion cells between groups. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that type 1 diabetes mellitus can cause cochlear microangiopathy and subsequently degeneration of cochlear lateral walls and OHCs.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Distribution of Prickle-Like 2 Reveals an Early Underlying Polarization of Vestibular Sensory Epithelia in the Inner Ear

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 3139-3147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Deans ◽  
D. Antic ◽  
K. Suyama ◽  
M. P. Scott ◽  
J. D. Axelrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Vestibular Sensory Epithelia
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document