Amores perritos: Puppies, Laughter and Popular Catholicism in Bourbon Mexico City

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK ‘TREY’ PROCTOR
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bourbon Reforms ◽  
Popular Classes

AbstractIn late eighteenth-century Mexico City, Spanish colonials, particularly members of the urban middle and popular classes, performed a number of weddings and baptisms on puppies (which were wearing clothes or bejewelled collars) in the context of fandangos or dance parties. These ceremonies were not radical challenges to orthodoxy or conservative reactions in the face of significant economic, political, religious and cultural Bourbon reforms emanating from Spain. Employing Inquisitorial investigations of these ceremonies, this article explores the rise of pet keeping, the meanings of early modern laughter and the implications of the cultural and religious components of the Enlightenment-inspired Bourbon reforms in late colonial Mexico.

scholarly journals Lady of the House: Augustina Meza (ca. 1758–1819), Print Publishing, and the Women of Mexican Late Colonial Art

Arts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kelly Donahue-Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Colonial Art ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Women's Lives

Using archival records of the Sagrario Metropolitano and material analysis of extant prints, the paper presents the life and work of the only known woman printmaker in viceregal New Spain, María Augustina Meza. It traces Meza and her work through two marriages to fellow engravers and a 50-year career as owner of an independent print publishing shop in Mexico City. In doing so, the paper places Meza’s print publishing business and its practices within the context of artists’ shops run by women in the mid- to late-eighteenth century. The article simultaneously extends the recognized role of women in printing and broadens our understanding of women within the business of both printmaking and painting in late colonial Mexico City. It furthermore joins the scholarship demonstrating with new empirical research that the lived realities of women in viceregal New Spain were more complex than traditional, stereotypical visions of women’s lives have previously allowed.

scholarly journals Por necesidad y solidaridad:

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Cervantes Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Kinship Relations ◽  
Las Mujeres

La condición de soltería posicionaba a las mujeres del México colonial en una situación vulnerable; muchas de ellas se vieron limitadas para mantenerse por su propia cuenta, por lo que aquellas que carecían de lazos familiares tuvieron que agruparse con compañeras en un hogar compartido, para ayudarse mutuamente. En este trabajo exploraremos las principales características de los hogares compuestos exclusivamente por mujeres solteras y viudas que no tenían vínculos de parentesco entre sí, que vivieron en la ciudad de México a finales del siglo XVIII. Para realizar esta investigación partiremos del análisis del Censo de 1790 y complementaremos la información de este documento con la revisión de otras fuentes, con la finalidad de tener una visión más amplia sobre las situaciones domésticas, las condiciones económicas, la existencia de vínculos afectivos y la construcción de redes de solidaridad entre las mujeres que vivieron con compañeras. The single status placed women of colonial Mexico in a vulnerable situation; many of them were limited to support themselves, so those lacked family ties had to group with friends in a shared home, to help each other. In this work we will explore the main characteristics of household integrated exclusively by single women and widows who had no kinship relations, who lived in Mexico City in the late eighteenth century. To do this research, we will start from the analysis of the Census of 1790 and we will complement the information of this document with the review of other sources, in order to have a broader vision of domestic situations, economic conditions, the existence of affective ties and the construction of solidarity networks among women who lived with partners.

THE “HARD FORM” OF SCULPTURE: MARBLE, MATTER AND SPIRIT IN EUROPEAN SCULPTURE FROM THE ENLIGHTENMENT THROUGH ROMANTICISM

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Familiar World ◽  
A Site ◽  
Aesthetic Values

The apparently distinct aesthetic values of naturalism (a fidelity to external appearance) and neoclassicism (with its focus on idealization and intangible essence) came together in creative tension and fusion in much late eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century sculptural theory and practice. The hybrid styles that resulted suited the requirements of the European sculpture-buying public. Both aesthetics, however, created difficulties for the German Idealists who represented a particularly uncompromising strain of Romantic theory. In their view, naturalism was too closely bound to the observable, familiar world, while neoclassicism was too wedded to notions of clearly defined forms. This article explores sculptural practice and theory at this time as a site of complex debates around the medium's potential for specific concrete representation in a context of competing Romantic visions (ethereal, social and commercial) of modernity.

Elisheva Carlebach. Divided Souls: Converts from Judaism in Germany, 1500–1750. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001. xii, 324 pp.

AJS Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
R. Po-chia Hsia
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
Jewish Historiography ◽  
Modern Germany ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth

Unlike the Sephardim, who accepted the concept of taqiyya and the practice of marranism to cope with forced conversions under Islam, the Ashkenazim, especially the Jewish communities of Germanophone Central Europe, developed an uncompromising rejection of Christian baptism. Instead of marranism and deception under Islam, the Ashkenazim, in the persecutions of the Crusades and after, developed a strong sense of martyrdom and detested baptism, whether forced or voluntary, as ritual and spiritual defilement and pollution. The small number of Jewish converts to Christianity were not so much sinners but apostates (meshummadim or the vertilgten). Given this Ashkenazi tradition, it is not surprising that converts were marginalized in Jewish historiography and scholarship. Nevertheless, as Carlebach argues persuasively in this book, they played a significant role in Jewish–Christian relations in early modern Germany; and given the fact that conversions rose rapidly in the late eighteenth century, it is all the more important to understand the prehistory of Jewish conversion and integration in Germany after Emancipation.

Ornament and Systems of Ordering in the Sixteenth-Century Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1325
Author(s):  
Ethan Matt Kavaler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

Early modern ornament might profitably be considered as a set of systems, each with its own rules. It signaled wealth and status. It offered pleasure and prompted curiosity. It cut across the apparent divide between the vernacular and the classicizing. It was relational, understood in the context of a given subject but not necessarily subservient to it. The notion of ornament as essentially supplemental and the prejudice against ornamental excess are both children of the late eighteenth century. Both ideas depend on a post-Enlightenment conviction of the work of art as an autonomous, aesthetically self-sufficient object, an idea not fully formed in the early modern era.

Cantatas in Honor of San Gennaro

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-199
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Deldonna
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Patron Saint ◽  
Choral Ensembles ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples ◽  
Poetic Narrative ◽  
Giovanni Paisiello

No saint in the Catholic hagiographic tradition has served as a more vivid symbol of martyrdom, veneration, or of God’s profound grace toward a community than San Gennaro (Saint Januarius), the patron saint of the Kingdom of Naples. This essay studies the history and culture surrounding the veneration of San Gennaro. I focus on the longstanding cultivation of cantatas as a vehicle for veneration and for the promotion of catechism and post-Tridentine ideology. The first part of the essay traces political, social, and religious currents that contributed to the growth of the cult. The second part considers late eighteenth-century cantatas by Giovanni Paisiello and Domenico Cimarosa that were created for the Feast of the Traslazione. These works adopt strategies of poetic narrative and musical expression that reflect thematic elements associated with the annual feast. They also represent a musical turning point, incorporating innovative aria types, a widespread use of accompanied recitative and large choral ensembles, and distinctive instrumental sonorities. The Traslazione cantatas thus offer an opportunity not only to examine contemporary cultural currents in early modern Naples, but also to broaden our understanding of the cantata genre and of two leading operatic innovators of the late eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Second-hand consumption as a way of life: public auctions in the surroundings of Alost in the late eighteenth century

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILJA VAN DAMME ◽  
REINOUD VERMOESEN
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Southern Netherlands ◽  
Industrial Reuse ◽  
Key Questions

AbstractThis article seeks to place second-hand consumption, or the reuse of older objects, into the expanding historical literature on early modern consumer practices. It claims that the study of second-hand consumption remains a much neglected topic of historical interest. Further empirical research of pre-industrial reuse habits is needed to examine essential problems and inconsistencies concerning consumers and their handling of older goods. On the basis of rarely used sources relating to public auctions in the countryside of the southern Netherlands, key questions regarding the current debate will be addressed. These questions concern the products that were handled, the actors involved, and how reuse was (or was not) affected by broader changes in society.

scholarly journals Johann Georg Zimmermann’s Therapeutics of Solitude in the German Enlightenment

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-278
Author(s):  
Andreas Rydberg
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The Self ◽  
Passive State ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
German Enlightenment ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
State Of Rest ◽  
Unique Individual

Abstract This essay charts the German eighteenth-century physician and writer Johann Georg Zimmermann’s monumental work on solitude. The essay draws on but also challenges recent historiography on two counts. First, it situates Zimmermann’s discourse on solitude in the context of the early modern cultura animi tradition, in which philosophy provided a cure for a soul perceived as diseased and perturbed by passion and desire. Placed in this context, solitude comes into view not primarily as a passive state of rest and tranquillity connected to the rural life, but as active, therapeutic and exercise-oriented work on the self. Second, it argues that Zimmermann also shaped his discourse in relation to the increasingly radical late eighteenth-century exploration of subjectivity and selfhood, an exploration that reflects the emergence of the modern conception of the unique individual and autonomous self.

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