Formal Education Systems and Poverty-Focused Planning

1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Colclough
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
National Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Development Decade ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
The Third World

Over the first U.N. development decade the Third World has made rather faster progress, as measured by the growth in national incomes, than had been expected. Nevertheless, though the average income per capita has risen by about 50 per cent since 1960 (with total income having almost doubled), these increases have been very unequally distributed both between and within countries. This has led to the conclusion, now widely held, that growth-oriented development strataegies are alone unlidely to solve the problem of poverty. Similarly, there has been a move away from the confidence placed upon the growth of national income per capita as an effective index of social welfare. There has therefore been a quickening interest, particularly on the part of multilateral and bilataeral donor agencies – notably the World Bank, I.L.O., O.D.M., and S.I.D.A. – in promoting changes in domestic policies within the Third World which would focus more upon increasing the welfare of the poorest groups.

The Deterioration of the Food Situation in the Third World and the Capitalist System

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-262
Author(s):  
Ernest Feder
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Third World ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
The Third World

Hunger and malnutrition are today associated with the capitalist system. The evidence points to a further deterioration of the food situation in the Third World in the foreseeable future, as a result of massive capital and technology transfers from the rich capitalist countries to the underdeveloped agricultures operated by transnational concerns or private investors, with the active support of development assistance agencies such as the World Bank. Contrary to the superficial predictions of the World Bank, for example, poverty is bound to increase and the purchasing power of the masses must decline. Particular attention must be paid to the supply of staple foods and the proletariat. This is threatened by a variety of factors, attributable to the operation of the capitalist system. Among them are the senseless waste of Third World resources caused by the foreign investors' insatiable thirst for the quick repatriation of super-profits and the increasing orientation of Third World agricultures toward high-value or export crops (which are usually the same), an orientation which is imposed upon them by the industrial countries' agricultural development strategies. Even self-sufficiency programs for more staple foods, such as the ill-reputed Green Revolution, predictably cannot be of long duration.

The Technological Dependence of Developing Countries

1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Average Income ◽  
The World ◽  
World Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Third World

In less than two centuries the process of industrialisation has spread from a tiny triangle in Britain to nearly 25 per cent of the world population. But it has so far largely by-passed the Third World, including China and socialist East Asia, and the southern periphery of Europe from Portugal to Bulgaria. These developing countries account for almost 75 per cent of the world population, but for only 20 per cent of the world income. On the other hand, the developed countries, with only 25 per cent of the population, have an average income per capita about ten times as high, and account for as much as 80 per cent of the real world output.

Plundering the Poor: The Role of the World Bank in the Third World

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-660
Author(s):  
Ernest Feder
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Third World ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third World

The World Bank, the most important so-called development assistance agency, annually dispenses billions of dollars to Third World governments, ostensibly to “develop” their economies through a variety of loan projects. But even a superficial analysis reveals that the Bank is the perfect mechanism to help (i.e., subsidize) the large transnational corporations from the industrial countries to expand their industrial, commercial, and financial activities in the Third World, at the expense of the latter and particularly at the expense of the rural and urban proletariat. This article discusses Cheryl Payer's recent book, The World Bank: A Critical Analysis, in which she analyzes the Bank's role in the Third World and sets forth the major reasons why poverty, hunger, and malnutrition, as well as unemployment, and all the adverse social phenomena associated with them, are on the increase.

Redistribution with Growth. By Hollis Chenery, Montek S. Ahluwalia, C.L.G. Bell, John H. Duloy and Richard Jolly. London: Oxford University Press. 1974. (Published for the World Bank's Development Research Centre and the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex) 304 pp.Price £ Stg. 1.40.

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
A. R. l Kema
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
World Population ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Equitable Distribution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Development Decade ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The University

In the first development decade of the Third World countries, the growth of the GNP has been beyond the expectations of their policy makers. However, the very idea of growth is debatable mainly because of the neglect of the dis¬tribution aspect. It is realised that without redistribution policies, one-third of the Third World population would not benefit from growth. Does equitable distribution mean lower growth? Is it possible to achieve both an equitable distribution and a growth of the GNP simultaneously? How should a policy package for redistribution be prepared so that it has the least depressing effect on growth? What problem does a developing country face in adopting redis¬tribution policies ? The book under review attempts to answer these questions. The general theme of the book is that distributional objectives should be treated as an integral part of the overall development strategy. The book, which consists of 13 chapters contributed singly or jointly by the authors (the only outsider being D.C. Rao who has contributed Chapter VII), is divided into three parts, namely: Reorientation of Policy, Quantification and Modeling, and Annex and Bibliography. The first eight chapters are devoted to Reorien¬tation of Policy while the remaining five chapters are devoted to Quantification and Modeling. The Annex gives the experiences of India, Cuba, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, South Korea and Taiwan with redistribution and growth. A com¬prehensive bibliography completes the book.

scholarly journals Challenges And Prospects Of Staff Development Programmes In Nigerias Secondary School System: An Overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Adetunji Asaya
Keyword(s):  
Staff Development ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Educational System ◽  
School System ◽  
Third World ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
The Third ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
The Third World

The vices rampant now among students in Nigeria secondary schools, such as acts of indiscipline, stealing, cheating, truancy, rioting, cultism, and raping, together with population explosion, call for special skills on the part of the school administrators to be able to cope with these challenges. Consequently, this paper examines the uniqueness of the principals position to make or mar the image of the educational system and the need for these principals to be well equipped to meet these challenges in the educational system of the third world, with particular reference to Nigeria. This is so because it is now clear that the pre-service skills acquired by present school administrators, through formal education, may not be adequate to meet with these sustainable challenges. Recommendations on probable improvement of these staff development programmes for effective and efficient performance of these principals on their jobs concluded this paper.

Development and the Environment—A Third World Perspective

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 464-468
Author(s):  
Prem Kumar ◽  
K. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Third World ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third World

Sustainable economic development and the environment are the two sides of a coin. The World Bank as the largest financier of the Third World development must seek not only a decent return on its investment, but it must also ensure that development projects are appropriate and in the best interests of developing countries. To achieve these goals, the Third World must be allowed to make its own decisions on development issues. This requires the substantial dilution of the World Bank's power and an enhanced role for the Third World technical manpower to act as catalysts for development and technology transfer. Sustainable economic development will remain as a theoretical concept unless this orientation is brought about in the World Bank. Without changes, the World Bank has the potential of becoming the largest agent of environmental degradation in the world.

Where is the Third World now?

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINE THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Third World ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

As we enter the new millennium, the Third World, far from disappearing, is becoming global. The dynamic of economic driven globalization is resulting in the global reproduction of Third World problems. Growing inequality, risk and vulnerability characterize not simply the state system, but an emerging global social order. This is part of an historical process underway for five centuries: the expansion of capitalism across the globe. Technological developments speed up the process. The demise of the communist bloc and the associated rejection of ‘real existing socialism’ as a mode of economic organization have provided a specific additional fillip to the reconfiguration of the ‘Third World’. The 1980s, and more particularly the 1990s, have witnessed the mainstreaming of liberal economic ideology via the Washington consensus. This approach to development has been legitimated in several global conferences such as United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and the Copenhagen Social Summit. It has been applied practically through institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and World Trade Organization (WTO). In its wake we have seen a deepening of existing inequalities between and within states, with a resulting tension—contradiction even—between the development targets agreed by the United Nations (UN), and the policies pursued by international organizations and governments to facilitate such results.

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