L'Organisation commune africaine et malgache

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425
Author(s):  
Albert Ekue
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
Upper Volta

The O.C.A.M. Charter was signed on 27 June 1966 in Tananarive by the Heads of State of the following 14 countries: the Federal Republic of Cameroun, the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo–Brazzayule, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Gabon, Upper Volta, Madagascar, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Chad, and Togo.

Admission of New Members

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-593
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
Belgian Congo ◽  
Upper Volta

Prior to the opening of the fifteenth session of the General Assembly on September 24, 1960, the Security Council unanimously recommended the admission to membership in the UN of the following countries: 1) the Federation of Mali 2) the Malagasy Republic 3) the Republic of Somalia;4) the Republic of the (Belgian) Congo 5) the Republic of Dahomey; 6) the Republic of the Niger; 7) the Republic of the Upper Volta; 8) the Republic of the Ivory Coast; 9) the Republic of the (French) Congo; 10) the Republic of Chad; 11) the Gabon Republic; 12) the Central African Republic; and 13) the Republic of Cyprus. The above actions were taken at the Security Council's 869th, 870th, 871st, 872d, 890th, 891st, and 82d meetings.

New enigmatic species of the genus Pediobius (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from Afrotropics, with notes on related genera

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4438 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEX GUMOVSKY
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

Three new species groups and seven species of the genus Pediobius Walker are described from the Afrotropical realm: the marjoriae group, with P. marjoriae Kerrich (described from Uganda), P. rohombaya Gumovsky sp. n. (from the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Gabon, Uganda) and P. orungu Gumovsky sp. n. (from Gabon); the afroteres group with P. afroteres Gumovsky sp. n. (from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Kenya, Uganda, DRC, Cameroon) and P. kafroteres Gumovsky sp. n. (from Cameroon); the askari group with P. askari Gumovsky sp. n. (from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania, DRC, Ivory Coast) and P. maleficus Gumovsky sp. n. (from Kenya, DRC, CAR, Cameroon, Gabon); and P. nganga Gumovsky sp. n. (from DRC) (not assigned to any group). All these species are characterized by the relatively wide and robust head with elongate and/or narrowed lower face and the antennae attached near or below the lower eye margins. Morphological features of the species, as well as their habitat distribution, are discussed. The comparison of the new species with similar taxa of Entedoninae suggested the following synonymies: Rhynchentedon Girault and Pediobomyia Girault under Pediobius (syn. n.); Bomyiabius frontus Narendran, Pediobomyia budaicus Narendran and Pediobomyia lankicus Narendran under Pediobomyia darwini Girault (syn. n.). The following new combinations are proposed: Pediobius maximus (Girault), P. achterbergi (Gumovsky), P. narendrani (Gumovsky), P. brevicaulis (Hansson), P. canaliculatus (Hansson) and P. darwini (Girault) (comb. n.). Ant parasitoids P. marjoriae and Myrmokata diparoides Bouček are recorded from DRC for the first time. 

Colonialism in West Central Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Bernault
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The Republic ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The article considers a large region comprising Chad, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Equatorial Guinea.1 From the 1880s onwards, Central Africa was colonized by Spanish, French, German, Belgian, and Portuguese powers. Here Africans generally suffered a harsher kind of rule than in West Africa, as colonialism brought little capital and investments, and imposed brutal forms of extractive economy. Foreign powers, moreover, proved reluctant to dialogue with African elites. Yet, the colonial era was also a moment when Central Africans initiated radical political revolutions and capacious social changes, achieving independence in the 1960s and 1970s. Throughout the period under consideration, moreover, important cultural creations in the form of music, popular painting, photography, and fashion became influential in the rest of Africa and beyond.

Central African Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schneider ◽  
Vanessa Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Democratic Elections

The Central African Republic (Centrafrique) is a landlocked country bordered by Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and Cameroon. It is 622,984 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 4.7 million. Centrafrique has a long history of political instability and the latest security and humanitarian crisis of 2013 has deeply affected the country, leading to the displacement of approximately 25 per cent of the population. Although the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has been deployed since April 2014 and democratic elections took place in 2016, Centrafrique is still very much a country in crisis, where violent conflict is all too common.

Congo (Republic of)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schneider ◽  
Vanessa Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Pointe Noire ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Congo Brazzaville

The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, is found in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the enclave of Cabinda, which belongs to Angola. Its population of 5.12 million in 2016 over a territory of 342,000 square kilometres (km) makes it one of the least densely populated country in Africa. The population is highly urbanized with more than half of the population living in the two largest cities, Brazzaville and Pointe Noire. The capital and largest city is Brazzaville. The official language of the Congo is French, but the Constitution also recognizes Lingala and Kituba as national vernacular languages. The currency used is the Central African franc (CFA).

A revision of Tripanda and Tenerva (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1978 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETR KMENT ◽  
ZDENĚK JINDRA
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae

The Afrotropical genus Tripanda Berg, 1899 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Cappaeini), is diagnosed and revised based on the study of primary types. The endemic Madagascar genus Tenerva Cachan, 1952, syn. et stat nov., is recognized as a junior synonym of Tripanda, but retained as a valid subgenus due to the distinct differences in the structure of the female genitalia. Veterna decorata Jensen-Haarup, 1937, is redescribed and transferred to Tripanda (subgenus Tenerva). We currently recognize seven species within the genus: Tripanda (Tenerva) collaris (Cachan, 1952) comb. nov. (Madagascar); T. (Tenerva) decorata (Jensen-Haarup, 1937) comb. nov. (Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Yemen); T. (Tripanda) dispar Schouteden, 1964 (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo); T. (Tripanda) horacekorum sp. nov. (Central African Republic, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Senegal); T. (Tripanda) jurickorum sp. nov. (Guinea); T. (Tripanda) longiceps (Villiers, 1967) (Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Republic of the Congo); and T. (Tripanda) signitenens (Distant, 1898) (Angola, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia). Lectotypes for Tenerva collaris, Veterna decorata, Tripanda dispar, and T. signitenens are designated. All species of the genus are keyed, important diagnostic characters are illustrated, and known information about their bionomics and ecology is summarized.

Constitutional Incorporation of the (Collective) Freedom to Govern Mineral Wealth: Comparing the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alexandra Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Mineral Wealth ◽  
The People ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic

Constitutionalism may be gaining ascendancy in many countries in Africa. Yet thorough investigation of the extent to which current constitutions accord to the people their internationally recognised right to governance of their mineral wealth under Article 1(2) of the ICCPR has been lacking. Understanding the existing framework of rights which may support claims to land and natural resources is important. Constitutions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zambia demonstrate the reality of multiple, overlapping land interests and the limitations upon a people's claim to freely govern their mineral wealth.

Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Olga Dzhenchakova
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

scholarly journals Presidential Tenure and Constitutional Provisions: Recent Evidence from Central Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dawson ◽  
Daniel J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
Developing Democracies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional Factor

Constitutions around Africa have been repeatedly tested on the issue of presidential term limits. We explore the four most recent cases of African presidents facing the end of their constitutionally mandated limit, all of which developed in Central Africa. Burundi, Rwanda, the Republic of Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo all adopted constitutions limiting presidential tenure to two terms; yet, in 2015, when these limits were approaching, none of the sitting presidents simply stood down. Our analysis focuses on the constitutional provisions meant to protect the two-term limit, the strategies employed by each of the four presidents, and the difficulty they faced in pursuing extended tenure. We find that constitutional provisions do constrain, but not always to the expected degree. Our analysis adds a consideration of a foundational constitutional factor to the growing literature on term limits in Africa, with implications for other regions of newly developing democracies.

scholarly journals Operation “Artemis”: The First Autonomous EU-led Operation

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
János Tomolya
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
European Security ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

In June 2003, the EU launched Operation “Artemis”, its first military mission outside Europe and independent of NATO, to the Democratic Republic of Congo. While it ultimately received an EU badge, its origin, command and control were French. The objective of Operation “Artemis” was to contribute to the stabilisation of the security conditions in Bunia, capital of Ituri, to improve the humanitarian situation, and to ensure the protection of displaced persons in the refugee camps in Bunia. Its mandate was to provide a short-term interim force for three months until the transition to the reinforced United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC – Mission de l’Organisation des Nations Unies en République Démocratique du Congo; English: United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Although the EU can be said to have passed the first “test” of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) mechanisms for the conduct of an autonomous operation, this test was a limited one. Operational constraints were caused by inadequate strategic lift capabilities and the lack of a strategic reserve.

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