A three-dimensional CT (CAT) scan through a rock with Permian alga Ivanovia tebagaensis

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cat Scan ◽  
Vegetative Propagule ◽  
Software Program ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanner

Embedded thalli of Permian Ivanovia tebagaensis, a calcified, cyathiform, codiacean, Chlorophyta, were X-rayed with a medical CT (computed tomography) scanner. The two-dimensional digital X-ray image files were copied to floppy disks and transferred to an IBM-compatible personal computer. The images were cropped, and built into a data volume with a commercial three-dimensional software program. The data were color edited so that only the algae were visible. The data volume was then systematically manipulated to visualize some hitherto unknown details of the structure of the utricles, and of a vegetative propagule, a developing bud.

Advances in In Situ SiC Growth Analysis Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 963 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Salamon ◽  
Matthias Arzig ◽  
Norman Uhlmann ◽  
Peter J. Wellmann
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Third Dimension

Computed Tomography is becoming a valuable method for the in-situ monitoring of vapor grown silicon carbide single crystals [1]. Already the two-dimensional X-ray radiography has shown the potential of surveilling the growth process [2] and its characteristic features like the evolution of the facet, the crystal volume or the source material structure from one imaging plane. Even though the demands on imaging capability of the applied X-ray components used for a tomographic analysis are higher than for two-dimensional imaging, the extension of this method to the third dimension is highly beneficial. It allows investigating the full geometry and three-dimensional location of the features and by this provides a more accurate analysis. In this contribution we present the physical characteristics and the latest advances of our technique for the visualization of facets.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale X-Ray Computed Tomography Analysis to Aid Automated Mineralogy in Ore Geology Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathis Warlo ◽  
Glenn Bark ◽  
Christina Wanhainen ◽  
Alan R. Butcher ◽  
Fredrik Forsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ore Deposit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Automated Mineralogy ◽  
Ore Characterization

Ore characterization is crucial for efficient and profitable production of mineral products from an ore deposit. Analysis is typically performed at various scales (meter to microns) in a sequential fashion, where sample volume is reduced with increasing spatial resolution due to the increasing costs and run times of analysis. Thus, at higher resolution, sampling and data quality become increasingly important to represent the entire ore deposit. In particular, trace metal mineral characterization requires high-resolution analysis, due to the typical very fine grain sizes (sub-millimeter) of trace metal minerals. Automated Mineralogy (AM) is a key technique in the mining industry to quantify process-relevant mineral parameters in ore samples. Yet the limitation to two-dimensional analysis of flat sample surfaces constrains the sampling volume, introduces an undesired stereological error, and makes spatial interpretation of textures and structures difficult. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) allows three-dimensional imaging of rock samples based on the x-ray linear attenuation of the constituting minerals. Minerals are visually differentiated though not chemically classified. In this study, decimeter to millimeter large ore samples were analyzed at resolutions from 45 to 1 μm by AM and XCT to investigate the potential of multi-scale correlative analysis between the two techniques. Mineralization styles of Au, Bi-minerals, scheelite, and molybdenite were studied. Results show that AM can aid segmentation (mineralogical classification) of the XCT data, and vice versa, that XCT can guide (sub-)sampling (e.g., for heavy trace minerals) for AM analysis and provide three-dimensional context to the two-dimensional quantitative AM data. XCT is particularly strong for multi-scale analysis, increasingly higher resolution scans of progressively smaller volumes (e.g., by mini-coring), while preserving spatial reference between (sub-)samples. However, results also reveal challenges and limitations with the segmentation of the XCT data and the data integration of AM and XCT, particularly for quantitative analysis, due to their different functionalities. In this study, no stereological error could be quantified as no proper grain separation of the segmented XCT data was performed. Yet, some well-separated grains exhibit a potential stereological effect. Overall, the integration of AM with XCT improves the output of both techniques and thereby ore characterization in general.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

scholarly journals Three‐dimensional X‐ray‐computed tomography of 3300‐ to 6000‐year‐old Citrullus seeds from Libya and Egypt compared to extant seeds throws doubts on species assignments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Wolcott ◽  
Guillaume Chomicki ◽  
Yannick M. Staedler ◽  
Krystyna Wasylikowa ◽  
Mark Nesbitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Visualizing Fluid Flows With X-Rays

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Heindel ◽  
Terrence C. Jensen ◽  
Joseph N. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Density Map

There are several methods available to visualize fluid flows when one has optical access. However, when optical access is limited to near the boundaries or not available at all, alternative visualization methods are required. This paper will describe flow visualization using an X-ray system that is capable of digital X-ray radiography, digital X-ray stereography, and digital X-ray computed tomography (CT). The unique X-ray flow visualization facility will be briefly described, and then flow visualization of various systems will be shown. Radiographs provide a two-dimensional density map of a three dimensional process or object. Radiographic images of various multiphase flows will be presented. When two X-ray sources and detectors simultaneously acquire images of the same process or object from different orientations, stereographic imaging can be completed; this type of imaging will be demonstrated by trickling water through packed columns and by absorbing water in a porous medium. Finally, local time-averaged phase distributions can be determined from X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, and this will be shown by comparing CT images from two different gas-liquid sparged columns.

Clinical experience of using virtual 3D modelling for pre and intraoperative guidance during robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 205141582110002
Author(s):  
Lorenz Berger ◽  
Aziz Gulamhusein ◽  
Eoin Hyde ◽  
Matt Gibb ◽  
Teele Kuusk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Robotic Assisted Partial Nephrectomy

Objective: Surgical planning for robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy is widely performed using two-dimensional computed tomography images. It is unclear to what extent two-dimensional images fully simulate surgical anatomy and case complexity. To overcome these limitations, software has been developed to reconstruct three-dimensional models from computed tomography data. We present the results of a feasibility study, to explore the role and practicality of virtual three-dimensional modelling (by Innersight Labs) in the context of surgical utility for preoperative and intraoperative use, as well as improving patient involvement. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients undergoing robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy at our high volume kidney cancer centre. Approval from a research ethics committee was obtained. Patient demographics and tumour characteristics were collected. Surgical outcome measures were recorded. The value of the three-dimensional model to the surgeon and patient was assessed using a survey. The prospective cohort was compared against a retrospective cohort and cases were individually matched using RENAL (radius, exophytic/endophytic, nearness to collecting system or sinus, anterior/posterior, location relative to polar lines) scores. Results: This study included 22 patients. Three-dimensional modelling was found to be safe for this prospective cohort and resulted in good surgical outcome measures. The mean (standard deviation) console time was 158.6 (35) min and warm ischaemia time was 17.3 (6.3) min. The median (interquartile range) estimated blood loss was 125 (50–237.5) ml. Two procedures were converted to radical nephrectomy due to the risk of positive margins during resection. The median (interquartile range) length of stay was 2 (2–3) days. No postoperative complications were noted and all patients had negative surgical margins. Patients reported improved understanding of their procedure using the three-dimensional model. Conclusion: This study shows the potential benefit of three-dimensional modelling technology with positive uptake from surgeons and patients. Benefits are improved perception of vascular anatomy and resection approach, and procedure understanding by patients. A randomised controlled trial is needed to evaluate the technology further. Level of evidence: 2b

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document