The Canning Mission to Burma of 1809/10

The Canning mission of 1809/10 lacks a clearly defined central theme. John Canning was sent to Burma by the British Indian Government to secure Burmese acquiescence in the British blockade of the French Isles of Mauritius and Bourbon, the centres of French privateer activity in the Indian Ocean. While in Burma, however, Canning entered, without authority from his government, into an understanding with the Ein-gyi Paya, or Heir Apparent to the throne of Burma, by which the latter could appeal to the British upon the death of the King for military help against rivals who were expected to contend for the throne themselves. Two further issues arose: King Bodawpaya, Canning discovered, claimed the eastern portion of Bengal on the ground that in the past the area had been subject to Arakan, which still had a right over it that the Burmese had inherited after their conquest of that state in 1785. He also wanted direct relations with the King of England, on the ground that the Governor-General, having only delegated and not sovereign authority, was his inferior in rank. The King was also by this time very capricious and impulsive at times; he was capable of issuing rash, imperious orders, which would have serious consequences if as sometimes happened they were actually carried out. Traces of rashness and imperiousness seem to be present in his behaviour in 1810 even though his viewpoint on eastern Bengal and on sovereignty had nothing to do with peculiarities of temperament.

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The Meridional Shift of the Midlatitude Westerlies over Arid Central Asia during the Past 21 000 Years Based on the TraCE-21ka Simulations

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-19-0798.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (17) ◽

pp. 7455-7478

Author(s):

Nanxuan Jiang ◽

Qing Yan ◽

Zhiqing Xu ◽

Jian Shi ◽

Ran Zhang

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

North Atlantic ◽

North Atlantic Ocean ◽

Last Deglaciation ◽

The Past ◽

The North ◽

External Forcings ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

The Last Deglaciation ◽

The North Atlantic

AbstractTo advance our knowledge of the response of midlatitude westerlies to various external forcings, we investigate the meridional shift of midlatitude westerlies over arid central Asia (ACA) during the past 21 000 years, which experienced more varied forcings than the present day based on a set of transient simulations. Our results suggest that the evolution of midlatitude westerlies over ACA and driving factors vary with time and across seasons. In spring, the location of midlatitude westerlies over ACA oscillates largely during the last deglaciation, driven by meltwater fluxes and continental ice sheets, and then shows a long-term equatorward shift during the Holocene controlled by orbital insolation. In summer, orbital insolation dominates the meridional shift of midlatitude westerlies, with poleward and equatorward migration during the last deglaciation and the Holocene, respectively. From a thermodynamic perspective, variations in zonal winds are linked with the meridional temperature gradient based on the thermal wind relationship. From a dynamic perspective, variations in midlatitude westerlies are mainly induced by anomalous sea surface temperatures over the Indian Ocean through the Matsuno–Gill response and over the North Atlantic Ocean by the propagation of Rossby waves, or both, but their relative importance varies across forcings. Additionally, the modeled meridional shift of midlatitude westerlies is broadly consistent with geological evidence, although model–data discrepancies still exist. Overall, our study provides a possible scenario for a meridional shift of midlatitude westerlies over ACA in response to various external forcings during the past 21 000 years and highlights important roles of both the Indian Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean in regulating Asian westerlies, which may shed light on the behavior of westerlies in the future.

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Evidence for climatic and oceanographic controls on terrigenous sediment supply to the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean over the past 63,000 years

Geo-Marine Letters ◽

10.1007/s00367-011-0267-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 251-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Madhusudhanan C. Manoj ◽

Meloth Thamban ◽

Natani Basavaiah ◽

Rahul Mohan

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Southern Ocean ◽

Sediment Supply ◽

Terrigenous Sediment ◽

The Past ◽

Indian Ocean Sector ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Ocean Sector

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Tsunami: a history of the term and of scientific understanding of the phenomenon in Japanese and Western culture

Notes and Records the Royal Society journal of the history of science ◽

10.1098/rsnr.2007.0038 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 151-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Julyan H.E Cartwright ◽

Hisami Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Scientific Understanding ◽

Ocean Wave ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

The Past ◽

Historical Tsunami ◽

History Of ◽

The Indian Ocean

In the past few years we have unfortunately had several reminders of the ability of a particular type of ocean wave—a tsunami—to devastate coastal areas. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, in particular, was one of the largest natural disasters of past decades in terms of the number of people killed. The name of this phenomenon, tsunami , is possibly the only term that has entered the physics lexicon from Japanese. We use Japanese and Western sources to document historical tsunami in Europe and Japan, the birth of the scientific understanding of tsunami, and how the Japanese term came to be adopted in English.

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The Indian Ocean as Diasporic Space: A conceptual introduction

The Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies ◽

10.26443/jiows.v4i2.78 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 76-90

Author(s):

Iain Walker ◽

Martin Slama

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Diaspora Studies ◽

Migration Studies ◽

The Past ◽

The Indian Ocean

Over the past two decades there has been a growing interest in Indian Ocean networks within diaspora studies, and within migration studies more generally. In this introduction we develop the idea of the Indian Ocean as a space within which diasporas come into being, endure, and sustain relationships. Taking this Indian Ocean perspective, we suggest that the concept of the diaspora as currently employed in scholarship could be strengthened and we outline some suggestions for a reframing of the concept. Through an emphasis on its enduring character, as a community, and through a decentring of the homeland, we propose to understand a diaspora as a community that is diffuse but coherent, both spatially and temporally, and that has agency, facilitating the activities of its members. This provides a framework for the variety of approaches to the concept in the articles in the collection that follows.

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The Hadrami Diaspora: A "diaspora for others" in the Indian Ocean

The Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies ◽

10.26443/jiows.v4i2.83 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 188-211

Author(s):

Iain Walker

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

The Past ◽

Space And Time ◽

Original Sense ◽

The Indian Ocean

The term diaspora has, over the past two decades, become ubiquitous both in the vernacular and in academia, to the point that it appears to have lost its acuity as an analytical concept, often meaning little more than a group of migrants. In an attempt to reinvigorate the concept, this article invokes the notion of the “diaspora for others”: a diaspora that has a coherence across space and time, linking the various localisations of a diaspora, and the homeland. The case study is the Hadrami diaspora, and by tracing the links between members of the diaspora, this article demonstrates how the diaspora, although marked by internal differences, nevertheless displays an overall cohesion that grants it a stable and distinct identity as a spatially dispersed community, thus recalling the original sense of the term diaspora.

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PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGELOLAAN TUNA NERITIK DI WILAYAH PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA (WPPNRI) 573

Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.15578/jppi.26.1.2020.11-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Agustinus Anung Widodo ◽

Ignatius Trihargiyatno ◽

Regi Fiji Anggawangsa ◽

Wudianto Wudianto

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Adult Stage ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

Migratory Species ◽

The Past ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Sampling Program ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

Tuna Fisheries ◽

Longtail Tuna

Dalam rangka mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan dan inisiasi pengelolaan perikanan tuna neritik di WPPNRI 573, telah dilakukan penelitian dengan mengambil kasus perikanan tuna neritik berbasis di PPN Prigi-Jawa Timur. Data diperoleh melalui program port sampling pada tahun 2013-2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi tuna neritik yaitu tongkol lisong (BLT), tongkol krai (FRI), tongkol komo (KAW), dan tongkol abu-abu (LOT) rata-rata sebesar 8.120 ton per tahun. Dari jumlah tersebut, 99,56% diproduksi melalui perikanan pukat cincin (PS) dan sisanya dari perikanan jaring insang hanyut (dGN), payang (DS), dan pancing tonda-pancing ulur (TR-sHL dan dHL). CPUE nominal PS selama 5 tahun terakhir terus menurun, rata-rata 0,891 ton/hari. Komposisi jenis tangkapan PS meliputi BLT (91,52 %), FRI (6,68 %), KAW (1,78 %) dan LOT (0,01 %). Sebanyak 99% BLT yang tertangkap PS merupakan ikan yuwana, sedangkan FRI, KAW, dan LOT sebagian besar tertangkap pada ukuran dewasa masing sebanyak 73%, 70%, dan 55%. Tuna neritik termasuk spesies peruaya jauh, maka pengelolaannya di WPPNRI 573 harus mengacu pada acuan pengelolaan Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC). Mengacu hasil Work Party Neritic Tuna (WPNT) IOTC tahun 2016 dan 2018, maka pengelolaan perikanan tuna neritik di WPPNRI 573 berbasis di PPN Prigi adalah sebagai berikut: (1) hingga 2025 jumlah hasil tangkapan BLT dan FRI harus dikendalikan masing-masing pada jumlah 9.818 ton dan 48 ton per tahun; (2) hingga 2023 tangkapan KAW ditetapkan pada jumlah ± 98 ton per tahun (80% jumlah tangkapan tahun 2013); dan (3) hingga tahun 2025 jumlah tangkapan LOT disarankan sama dengan tangkapan 2015 yaitu ± 1.13 ton per tahun. To describe the utilization and management initiation of tuna neritic fisheries in the Indonesian FMA-RI 573, a research has been conducted by taking the case at the Prigi Fishing Port, East Java. Data were obtained through the port sampling program in 2013-2017. Results show that the production of neritic tuna, namely bullet tuna (BLT), frigate tuna (FRI), kawa-kawa (KAW), and longtail tuna (LOT) was 8,120 tons per year on average. 99.56% of the amount were produced by purse seine (PS) fisheries, the rest came from drifting gill nets (dGN), danish-seine (DS), and the combination of trolling line and surface-deep hand line (TR-sHL and dHL) fisheries. The nominal CPUE of PS over the past 5 years has continued to decline, averaging 0.891 tons/day. The composition of PS catches includes BLT (91.52%), FRI (6.68%), KAW (1.78%) and LOT (0.01%). Large numbers (99%) of the BLT caught by PS were juvenile fish, while at the same time FRI, KAW, and LOT were mostly caught at the adult stage. Neritic tuna is a highly migratory species, so its management in the Indonesian FMARI 573 must refer to the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission-IOTC recommendations. Referring to the results of WPNT-IOTC in 2016 and 2018, the management of neritic tuna fisheries in the Indonesian FMA-RI 573 based at Prigi Fishing Port is as follows: (1) up to 2025, the catches of BLT and FRI must be controlled at 9,818 and 48 tons per year, respectively; (2) up to 2023, the catches of KAW are set at ± 98 tons per year (80% of the total catch in 2013); and (3) up to 2025, the catch of LOT is recommended the same as in 2015, which is ± 1.13 tons per year.

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A review of the Eviota zebrina complex, with descriptions of four new species (Teleostei, Gobiidae)

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.1057.66675 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1057 ◽

pp. 149-184

Author(s):

Luke Tornabene ◽

David W. Greenfield ◽

Mark V. Erdmann

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Red Sea ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

New Guinea ◽

Gulf Of Aqaba ◽

Caudal Fin ◽

The Past ◽

West Papua ◽

Seychelles Islands ◽

The Indian Ocean

The Eviota zebrina complex includes eight species of closely-related dwarfgobies, four of which are herein described as new. The complex is named for Eviota zebrina Lachner & Karnella, 1978, an Indian Ocean species with the holotype from the Seychelles Islands and also known from the Maldives, which was once thought to range into the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea eastward to the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Our analysis supports the recognition of four genetically distinct, geographically non-overlapping, species within what was previously called E. zebrina, with E. zebrina being restricted to the Indian Ocean, E. marerubrumsp. nov. described from the Red Sea, E. longirostrissp. nov. described from western New Guinea, and E. pseudozebrinasp. nov. described from Fiji. The caudal fin of all four of these species is crossed by oblique black bars in preservative, but these black bars are absent from the four other species included in the complex. Two of the other species within the complex, E. tetha and E. gunawanae are morphologically similar to each other in having the AITO cephalic-sensory pore positioned far forward and opening anteriorly. Eviota tetha is known from lagoonal environments in Cenderawasih Bay and Raja Ampat, West Papua, and E. gunawanae is known only from deeper reefs (35–60 m) from Fakfak Regency, West Papua. The final two species are E. cometa which is known from Fiji and Tonga and possesses red bars crossing the caudal fin (but lost in preservative) and a 9/8 dorsal/anal-fin formula, and E. oculineatasp. nov., which is described as new from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and possesses an 8/7 dorsal/anal-fin formula and lacks red caudal bars. Eviota oculineata has been confused with E. cometa in the past.

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The Two Arms of Cambay: Diasporic Texts of Ecumenical Islam in the Indian Ocean

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient ◽

10.1163/156852007781787413 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (2-3) ◽

pp. 347-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Engseng Ho

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Social Relations ◽

World Trade ◽

World Religion ◽

Long Distance ◽

The Past ◽

The Indian Ocean

AbstractLong-distance trade, entailing as it does repeated exchanges across countries and cultures, often brings in its train consequences beyond the exchange of goods and specie. As other exchanges—of warfare, kinship, supplication, devotion—thicken social relations across routes pioneered by trade, new ways of imagining society across a larger space emerge. This paper examines the transcultural work that may be performed to create such enlarged imaginations of society, with a particular reference to the Hadramis of Yemen. In such ways, we suggest that a world religion, such as Islam, can give specific cultural shape to the distant horizons of world trade, as both expanded across the Indian Ocean over the past five centuries. Le commerce de longue distance impliquait des échanges répétés entre régions et cultures; il en entraînait souvent d'autres qui, tels la guerre, les liens de parenté, les actes cultuels, renfor çaient les relations sociales, suscitant de nouvelles perspectives d'approches de la société sur une plus large échelle. Fondée plus particulièrement sur le cas des Hadramis du Yémen, cette contribution examinera les études transculturelles à mener pour appréhender une plus large société. Il est ainsi suggéré qu'une religion universelle, l'Islam, a pu apporter quelque forme culturelle spécifique au commerce mondial quand, durant les cinq derniers siècles, ils se déploient de concert sur l'Océan indien.

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