Brown Seaweed as an Indicator of Heavy Metals in Estuaries in South-West England

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bryan ◽  
L. G. Hummerstone
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Contamination Factors ◽  
South West ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
South West England

Concentrations of copper, zinc, lead, manganese and iron in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus have been measured in samples collected over its range of distribution in four estuaries having different degrees of metal contamination. Factors controlling the concentrations in the weed have been studied and include the concentrations of metals in the water, seasonal changes, the position of the weed in the intertidal zone and the particular portion of the plant which is analysed. It is concluded that analysis of the weed gives a reasonable indication of average conditions in the water at points along an estuary and provides a method of making comparisons with the same estuary in subsequent years or with other estuaries.

Copper, Zinc, Nickel, and Cobalt biosorption potential of Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) and Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyta)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chaudhuri ◽  
M. Mitra ◽  
J.G. Schwarz ◽  
S. Schiewer
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Seaweed Species ◽  
Gracilaria Tikvahiae ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Zinc Nickel

Dried raw and protonated biomasses of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus and the red seaweed Gracilaria tikvahiae were used to study their biosorption performance for copper, zinc, nickel, and cobalt. Representative samples of both species were collected from Chincoteague Bay, Virginia. A series of “sorbate” or metal concentrations (10-450 mg L-1) were selected for each metal to compare the seaweeds' biosorption performance at pH 4.5 ± 0.1 and 25±1 °C. Samples were analyzed on Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models for single solute systems were used to assess sorption performance. Both raw and protonated Fucus vesiculosus exhibited higher affinity for metal ions than Gracilaria tikvahiae, at both high and low ends of the concentration ranges. The protonated red seaweed species had maximum metal uptake values of 0.99 mequiv g-1 (copper), 0.39 mequiv g-1 (zinc), 0.66 mequiv g-1 (nickel) and 0.79 mequiv g-1 (cobalt). In comparison, protonated Fucus vesiculosus sorbed higher amounts (1.63, 1.10, 1.40, and 1.69 mequiv g-1 of the metals in the same order). The prospects of using the brown seaweed species in the treatment of industrial wastewaters in place of expensive, conventional ion-exchange resins are envisaged.

Adaptation of the Polychaete Nereis Diversicolor to Manganese in Estuarine Sediments

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bryan ◽  
L. G. Hummerstone
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Nereis Diversicolor ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
South West ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Copper Lead ◽  
South West England

In a previous paper (Bryan & Hummerstone, 1971) the average concentrations of copper, zinc, lead, manganese and iron in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor O. F. Müller from several estuaries draining the mineralized areas of South-West England were compared with concentrations in the sediments. Although high levels of copper and zinc were encountered in some sediments none contained high levels of manganese and, in the worms, concentrations of manganese were low and relatively constant. Other estuaries in the area have since been examined, but although thousands of μg/g of copper, zinc, lead and arsenic have been found in some sediments, concentrations of manganese exceeding 1000, μg/g have rarely been encountered. Manganese ores occur quite widely in South-West England but the scale of mining appears to have been small by comparison with that for more obvious contaminants of estuaries such as copper, lead and arsenic (Dines, 1956). However, it is thought that the field observations and experimental results described in this paper can be extrapolated to situations where much higher concentrations of manganese occur.

Intracellular inclusions in the nematode Tripyloides marinus from metal-enriched and cleaner estuaries in Cornwall, south-west England

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Millward
Keyword(s):  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Marine Nematode ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
South West ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Detoxification System ◽  
A Site ◽  
South West England

Two types of electron-dense inclusions are described using transmission electron microscopy from the marine nematode Tripyloides marinus (Nematoda; BÜtshli, 1874) isolated from a metal-enriched site and a site of low metal contamination. These were classified as granular, intracellular inclusions in the intestinal syncytium, and fluid-filled vesicles along the cuticular margin of the epidermis. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) showed that the intestinal granules were largely comprised of P and S, with variable levels of Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe and Br, and that the epidermal vesicles contained high levels of Br and S with variable levels of Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe and P. It is suggested that intestinal granule formation may be involved in the detoxification of heavy metal sulphides and might result in a heightened ability of the species to colonize metal-enriched sediments. The function of the cuticular vesicles is unclear, but might be linked to a predatory or microbial defence mechanism (Woodin et al., 1987), or as part of a metal detoxification system.

The prevalence, relative abundance and site distribution of nematodes of the subfamily Cyathostominae in horses killed in Britain

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin P. Ogbourne
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Sharp Peak ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
South West ◽  
South West England

AbstractA total of 21 species of Cyathostominae was found in the lumen of the large intestine of 86 mature horses of various ages and breeds killed in south-west England during 1972–1974. Cylicostephanus longibursatus, C. goldi, C. calicatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, C. coronatum and Cylicocylus nassatus were found in over 80% of the horses, while 12 of the remaining species were detected in less than 30%. Quantitative studies on 55 horses showed the adult cyathostome burdens to rise to a sharp peak (average over 400,000/horse) in April-June and a lower one in November-December. Parallel fluctuations occurred in the lumen populations of 4thstage larvae. The most numerous cyathostomes were generally those species with the highest prevalence. The five most plentiful (C. nassatus, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, C. minutus and C. goldi) comprised over 90% of the total number of adult cyathostomes recovered. The three regions of the large intestine had adult cyathostome faunas of different composition. That of the dorsal colon was dominated by C. longibursatus and C. goldi, the ventral colon by Cylicocyxlus nassatus and Cyathostomum catinatum, while the sparsely inhabited caecum accommodated several equally numerous species. Each species showed a characteristic site distribution, 11 occurring predominantly in the ventral colon, eight in the dorsal colon and two in the caecum. Seasonal changes in the site distributions of C. catinatum and Cylicocyclus nassatus and in the size of the cyathostome burdens are discussed in relation to the epidemiology of cyathostome infections.

An assessment of the gastropod, Littorina littorea, as an indicator of heavy-metal contamination in United Kingdom estuaries

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bryan ◽  
W. J. Langston ◽  
L. G. Hummerstone ◽  
G. R. Burt ◽  
Y. B. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cu And Zn

Preliminary determinations of heavy metals in winkles Littorina littorea along a concentration gradient in the Fal Estuary suggested that whole body concentrations might be related to those of the water. When animals were transplanted to this heavily contaminated estuary, changes in tissue concentrations of As, Co, Cu and Zn were largely complete after 2 months.Relations between the winkle and water concentrations may be indirect since its algal diet is thought to be the main source for most heavy metals. Data from a large number of United Kingdom estuaries were used to compare concentrations of 12 metals in L. littorea with those of the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus which forms part of its diet. Very significant relations were found for Ag, As, Cd and Pb, suggesting that since concentrations in the seaweed probably reflect those of the surrounding water, so also do those of the winkle. However, concentrations of Ag in the animal also appeared to be influenced by dietary Cu levels. In addition, significant relations between the two species were found for Cu, Fe, Hg and Zn, but the slopes were shallow, perhaps indicating regulation by the winkle. For Cr and Mn relations were not very significant and, for Co and Ni, concentrations in the winkle appeared to be influenced by those of Cu and Zn.Compared with concentrations in L. littorea, those of L. littoralis from the same site were generally higher whilst in L. saxatilis they were usually of the same order or lower.In assessing the winkle as an indicator of metal contamination the present results have been combined with those of other workers to produce comparisons between most estuaries in England and Wales. It is concluded that whilst the winkle is a useful indicator for Cd and a few other metals, it is certainly not a perfect indicator organism.

TBE in United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
South West ◽  
Louping Ill ◽  
The Uk ◽  
North And South ◽  
South West England

Until 2019, TBE was considered only to be an imported disease to the United Kingdom. In that year, evidence became available that the TBEV is likely circulating in the country1,2 and a first “probable case” of TBE originating in the UK was reported.3 In addition to TBEV, louping ill virus (LIV), a member of the TBEV-serocomplex, is also endemic in parts of the UK. Reports of clinical disease caused by LIV in livestock are mainly from Scotland, parts of North and South West England and Wales.4

A brief Survey of Assessment models to Predict stress Level of Heavy Metals in Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Annam ◽  
Anshu Singla
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Human Life ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress

Abstract: Soil is a major and important natural resource, which not only supports human life but also furnish commodities for ecological and economic growth. Ecological risk has posed a serious threat to the ecosystem by the degradation of soil. The high-stress level of heavy metals like chromium, copper, cadmium, etc. produce ecological risks which include: decrease in the fertility of the soil; reduction in crop yield & degradation of metabolism of living beings, and hence ecological health. The ecological risk associated, demands the assessment of heavy metal stress levels in soils. As the rate of stress level of heavy metals is exponentially increasing in recent times, it is apparent to assess or predict heavy metal contamination in soil. The assessment will help the concerned authorities to take corrective as well as preventive measures to enhance the ecological and hence economic growth. This study reviews the efficient assessment models to predict soil heavy metal contamination.

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