First insights into the biochemistry ofSabella spallanzanii(Annelida: Polychaeta) mucus: a potentially unexplored resource for applicative purposes

2010 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Stabili ◽  
Roberto Schirosi ◽  
Angela Di Benedetto ◽  
Alessandro Merendino ◽  
Luciano Villanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Although mucus plays many different roles among marine invertebrates, relatively little is known about the link between biochemical structure and function. In the present study we focused on some physical and chemical properties of the polychaeteSabella spallanzanii's mucus such as viscosity, osmolarity, electrical conductivity, elemental composition, the protein and carbohydrate content, the total lipids and fatty acid composition, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination. Moreover, an antimicrobial activity of the mucus was investigated. The water content ofS. spallanzaniimucus was 96.2±0.3%. By dry weight 26±1.2% was protein, 8±0.21% was carbohydrate and only 0.1% lipid, much of the remainder of the dry weight was inorganic (about 65.2%). The estimated PCBs content was <0.005 μg g−1. The mucus ofS. spallanzaniiexerted a natural lysozyme-like activity and producedin vitrothe growth inhibition ofVibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, Pseudomonas aeruginosaandCandida albicans.The findings from this study contribute to improve the limited knowledge available on the mucus composition in invertebrates and have implications for future investigations related to employment ofS. spallanzaniimucus as a source of compounds of pharmaceutical and marine technological interest.

The structure and function of the oviducal gland in octopods (Cephalopoda)

1975 ◽  
Vol 188 (1090) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
Oviducal Gland ◽  
And Function ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The oviducal gland of Octopus vulgaris is involved in the storage of spermatozoa and the production of an egg-laying cement. Spermatozoa are attached to the wall of spermathecae by means of their acrosome and retained there for several months before the maturity of the female. The cement (a mucoprotein) is synthesized in the peripheral part of the gland. In the central part a mucopolysaccharide is produced that acts as a polymerizer of the cement. This reaction was studied in vitro and some physical and chemical properties of the compounds are described. The cement serves finally to form an egg string for fixation to an appropriate substrate.

scholarly journals STUDY AND ESTIMATION OF THE RATIO OF 137CS AND 40K SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN SANDY AND LOAM SOILS / 137CS IR 40K SAVITŲJŲ AKTYVUMŲ SANTYKIŲ TYRIMAS IR VERTINIMAS PRIESMĖLIO IR PRIEMOLIO DIRVOŽEMYJE

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Renata Mikalauskienė ◽  
Donatas Butkus ◽  
Ingrida Pliopaitė Bataitienė
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nuclear Testing ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Plant ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The present article describes changes in specific activities and fluctuations in the ratio of natural 40K and artificial 137Cs radionuclides in soil samples taken from different places of Lithuanian territory. The samples of soil have been selected from the districts polluted after the accident in Chernobyl nuclear plant performing nuclear testing operations. The study has established the main physical and chemical properties of soil samples and their impact on the concentration of 40K activities. 137Cs/40K specific activities in soil have been observed under the dry weight of the sample that varied from 0.0034 to 0.0240. The results of the study could be used for establishing and estimating 137Csand 40K transfer in the system “soil-plant”. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjama gamtinės (40K) ir dirbtinės (137Cs) kilmės radionuklidų savitųjų aktyvumų ir jų santykio kaita skirtinguose Lietuvos teritorijos dirvožemiuose. Dirvožemio mėginiai parinkti iš vietovių, kurios buvo labiau užterštos po Černobylio atominės elektrinės avarijos ir buvusių branduolinių bandymų. Tyrimo metu nustatytos pagrindinės fizinės cheminės dirvožemio savybės ir jų poveikis 40K aktyvumų koncentracijai. 137Csir 40K savitieji aktyvumai dirvožemyje tirti esant sausam mėginio svoriui. 137Cs savitieji aktyvumai sausame dirvožemyje svyravo nuo 1,1±1,0 iki 14,3±0,9 Bq/kg, o 40K savitieji aktyvumai – nuo 326±29 iki 740±15 Bq/kg. 137Csir 40K savitųjų aktyvumų santykis skirtingų vietovių dirvožemiuose kito nuo 0,0034 iki 0,0240 Bq/kg. Tyrimo rezultatai gali būti panaudoti, nustatant ir įvertinant 137Csir 40K pernašą sistemoje dirvožemis–augalai.

Laboratory Measurement of CO2 Emissions from Agricultural Waste Burning in Northeastern Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 241-244 ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
Nongnaphat Khosavithitkul ◽  
Kenneth J. Haller ◽  
Nares Chuersuwan ◽  
Thananchai Wannasook
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Waste Burning ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Northeastern Thailand ◽  
And Chemical Properties

One hundred and thirty-seven samples of agricultural residue were taken from the study area of forty subdistricts in twenty districts of ten provines in the Northeastern region of Thailand. The samples were analyzed for major physical and chemical properties and subjected to simulated burning. Rice straw had the highest dry weight and bagasse the lowest. Bagasse had the highest moisture content and the highest carbon content. Results from simulated burning found that sugarcane leaf emitted more CO2 than the other residues. Weight loss on combustion was in the range of 75-92 %, and the simulated burn of agricultural residues showed CO2 emission values at 67% of the IPCC values.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by a species of Cryptosporiopsis

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Stillwell ◽  
F. A. Wood ◽  
G. M. Strunz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽  
Imperfect Fungus ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A growth inhibitor with the molecular formula C10H10O4Cl2 was isolated from a medium which had supported growth of a species of Cryptosporiopsis, an imperfect fungus. The compound was named cryptosporiopsin and was characterized on the basis of its physical and chemical properties. Cryptosporiopsin was active in vitro against many wood-rotting basidiomycetes as well as some phycomycetes, ascomycetes, and deuteromycetes. It was more effective than Dithane M-22 or nystatin against the in vitro spore germination of Phytophthora infestans. It was active to varying degrees against six species of bacteria. Cryptosporiopsin was compared with Orbenin and streptomycin against a penicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Substrates Containing Earthworm Castings and Effects on Marigold Growth

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1474-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo R. Hidalgo ◽  
Frank B. Matta ◽  
Richard L. Harkess
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The effects of various substrates with or without earthworm [Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826] castings on growth of marigolds were evaluated. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of such substrates were determined. Castings had a greater nutrient content than the remaining substrates. The 4 pine bark: 1 sand treatment (v/v) (PBS) had higher P, K, and Zn than 7 peat moss: 3 perlite (v/v) (PP). PP had the lowest nutrient content of all substrates. Castings (C) had the highest pH followed by 1 PBS: 1 C (v/v), 2 PBS: 1C (v/v) and 3 PBS: 1C (v/v). Sunshine Mix 1 and PP had the lowest pH. EC (ER) was increased by castings, which had high ER. Castings and PP had the greatest percentage pore space. Water-holding capacity was greatest for 2 PBS: 1C (v/v) compared with Sunshine Mix 1 followed by castings. Earthworm castings increased plant growth index, stem diameter, root growth, dry weight, and flower number of marigolds compared with PP, Sunshine Mix 1, and PBS. All mixtures of castings (C) with PP, PBS, except 3 PBS: 1C (v/v), increase the growth index of plants. 1 PP: 1 C (v/v), increased flower number compared with all substrates without castings. Castings alone increased number of open flowers, but did not differ from 1 PP: 1 C or 3 PP:1 C.

Efficacy, safety, and physicochemical properties of a flowable hemostatic agent made from absorbable gelatin sponge via vacuum pressure steam sterilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 088532822095089
Author(s):  
Yuanxing Zhou ◽  
Xiaochi Ma ◽  
Zhonghai Li ◽  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽  
Hemostatic Agent ◽  
Gelatin Sponge ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

An effective and viable hemostatic agent is important for stopping bleeding during surgery. However, it is difficult to achieve hemostasis at uneven or deep bleeding sites using a gelatin sponge. A flowable hemostatic agent has therefore been developed by processing and improving gelatin sponge, to address bleeding under these conditions. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy, safety, and physical and chemical properties of this flowable hemostatic agent in various experiments. We examined its efficacy for stopping bleeding in a rabbit model of liver abrasion in vivo, and compared its efficacy in dynamic coagulation and erythrocyte aggregation tests with gelatin sponge in vitro. We also investigated its safety in rat histocompatibility and acute systemic toxicity tests in mice in vivo, and in hemolysis tests in vitro, to determine if the flowable hemostatic agent induced any pathological reactions or adverse events. In terms of its physical and chemical properties, we analyzed the morphology and chemical bonds of the flowable hemostatic agent by optical and electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, and its absorbency and density. The flowable hemostatic agent resulted in a shorter mean bleeding time, less bleeding, greater likelihood of successful hemostasis, and reduced clotting time compared with gelatin sponge. The flowable agent produced some changes in physical morphology, but no pathological changes or undesirable outcomes were detected. This flowable topical hemostatic agent thus provides a safe and more effective hemostatic method than gelatin sponge, and more promising results for intraoperative hemostasis, especially on uneven or deep bleeding surfaces.

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