Diet of the queen angelfish Holacanthus ciliaris (Pomacanthidae) in São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil

Holacanthus ciliaris is an important benthic-feeding reef fish but the relationship between the composition of its diet and prey availability is still unknown. Here we determined the quantitative composition of the gut contents of H. ciliaris in São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil (SPSPA), and compared it to the abundance of benthic organisms in the area. Holacanthus ciliaris has a relatively diversified diet with more than 30 prey species in SPSPA, especially sponges (13 spp., average 68% of gut contents total weight), algae (12 spp., 25%) and bryozoans (3 spp., 5%). In contrast, the benthic community is composed mainly of algae (average 81% of total cover) and followed by sponges (13%), bryozoans (5%), cnidarians (0.5%), polychaetes (0.5%) and tunicates (0.5%). The most common species were the algae Caulerpella ambigua and Caulerpa racemosa var. peltata; the bryozoan Margaretta buski; and the sponges Scopalina ruetzleri, Chondrosia collectrix and Clathria calla. The Manly resource selection function showed that H. ciliaris preferred the sponges Geodia neptuni, Erylus latens, Clathria calla and Asteropus niger, among others, and avoided common species such as the sponges Scopalina ruetzleri, Dysidea etheria and Hemimycale insularis and the algae Caulerpella ambigua, Bryopsis plumosa and Neomeris annulata. Kendall's rank correlation index showed no significant correlation between prey abundance in the field and in the diet of H. ciliaris, which seems to actively choose relatively rare and less defended prey.

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Incidence of Campylobacter in pigs with and without diarrhea

Revista de Microbiologia ◽

10.1590/s0001-37141999000100004 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 19-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

José Rafael Modolo ◽

Luiz Florêncio Fernandes Margato ◽

Arnold Frederico Gottschalk ◽

Carlos Alberto de Magalhães Lopes

Keyword(s):

Common Species ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

Two hundred pigs (1- 21 weeks old), from five piggeries in São Paulo State, Brazil, were divided in two groups of 100 animals each, G1 with diarrhea and G2 without diarrhea. Campylobacter was recovered from 43% of G1 and 34% of G2 specimens, and was more frequently recovered from 0-4 week old piglets. C. coli was the most common species (44.2% in G1 and 32.4% in G2), followed by C. jejuni/coli (16.3% in G1 and 23.5% in G2). Campylobacter counts were significantly higher in G1 (<FONT FACE="Symbol">£</FONT> 108 UFC/g) than in G2 (<FONT FACE="Symbol">£</FONT> 104 UFC/g) (p < 0.01), which suggests that the bacterium may play a role at least in the aggravation of the diarrheic process.

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Giardia and Cryptosporidium in source waters of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2004.0061 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 239-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

E.M. Hachich ◽

M.I.Z. Sato ◽

A.T. Galvani ◽

J.R.N. Menegon ◽

J.L.N. Mucci

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State

Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum are two protozoan intestinal parasites responsible for many drinking-water-related disease outbreaks in recent years. They are very resistant to conventional water treatment processes, can persist for long times in the environment and are, therefore, of great concern for public health. This work aimed to evaluate the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water sources from São Paulo State, Brazil, as part of the “Evaluation of Inland Waters from Sao Paulo State” project from CETESB. Over a period of 19 months, 278 water samples from 28 sites located in 10 watersheds were analysed. The immunofluorescence assay was used after concentration of the samples by the calcium carbonate flocculation technique. Thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms, faecal streptococci and Clostridium perfringens were also determined in order to verify the existence of correlation between these bacterial indicators and the protozoa. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected in 27% and 2.5% of the samples, respectively, a lower figure compared with the results reported by other authors, especially for Cryptosporidium. A Spearman rank correlation test demonstrated a significant correlation between Giardia and faecal indicator concentrations. According to the American Regulation of Monitoring (ICR), treated water from 16 of these 28 collection sites should also be analysed to evaluate whether the treatment process could remove the parasites. Some technical deficiencies of these methods still limit the utilisation of the monitoring results for public health decisions, but the data here reported will help to improve the quality of drinking water in Sao Paulo State.

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Snakes from coastal islands of State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032007000200026 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 227-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Paulo José Pyles Cicchi ◽

Marco Aurélio de Sena ◽

Denise Maria Peccinini-Seale ◽

Marcelo Ribeiro Duarte

Keyword(s):

New Records ◽

Common Species ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Environmental Conservation ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

São Paulo ◽

Snake Species ◽

Bothrops Jararaca ◽

Voucher Specimens ◽

Species Rarity

There are relatively few studies on snake fauna from coastal islands of the State of São Paulo (SSP), Southeastern Brazil and the number of species housed in Brazilian institutional zoological collections is relatively limited. In Brazil, for the first time, a snake inventory for eighteen islands of coastal SSP is presented. Here we record data from sampling on eleven islands as well information on vouchered species in the main herpetological collections. Thirty-six species from four families: one Boidae, thirty Colubridae, one Elapidae and four Viperidae from eighteen islands are listed as well as the thirteen new island records for snakes. Relative abundance categories were used for species rarity: common, infrequent and rare; 44.4% of the snakes with voucher specimens were considered rare. The most common species in twelve of the eighteen islands was Micrurus corallinus; in eleven of the eighteen islands were Bothrops jararaca and Liophis miliaris; in ten of the eighteen islands were B. jararacussu and Chironius bicarinatus. The most common snake species on coastal islands were Micrurus corallinus which was found in twelve of the eighteen islands, followed by Bothrops jararaca and Liophis miliaris found on eleven of the eighteen islands and B. jararacussu and Chironius bicarinatus which were found in ten of the eighteen islands studied. There are seven new records of snake species for Cardoso Island (25° 05’ S and 047° 59’ W): C. bicarinatus, C. multiventris, Dipsas petersi, Echinanthera bilineata, E. cephalostriata, Helicops carinicaudus and Xenodon neuwiedii; three new records for Comprida Island (24° 54’ S and 47° 48’ W): B. jararacussu, C. bicarinatus and H. carinicaudus; one for Anchieta Island (23° 32’ S and 045° 03’ W): Spilotes pullatus; one for Couves Island (23° 25’ S and 44° 52’ W): L. miliaris; one for Porcos Island (23° 23’ S and 44° 54’ W), B. jararaca. The endemic species B. alcatraz from Alcatrazes Island and B. insularis from Queimada Grande Island are considered endangered species by IUCN. Snake fauna on Monte de Trigo Island are extinct. The fragility of insular snake fauna needs more attention for environmental conservation, since 52.0% of snake species preys on amphibians, highlighting the importance of forest conservation.

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The birds at Ilha Comprida beach (São Paulo State, Brazil): a multivariate approach

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032008000300003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 41-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Edison Barbieri ◽

Eduardo Tavares Paes

Keyword(s):

Migratory Birds ◽

Common Species ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Data Matrix ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

São Paulo ◽

Bird Populations ◽

Larus Dominicanus ◽

Charadrius Semipalmatus ◽

The Impact

Birds were censused weekly from January 1999 to January 2001 along Ilha Comprida beach, a barrier island off São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. To evaluate the similarity in the bird's species composition among the weekly surveys, species counts data were arranged on a data matrix with 144 weekly surveys, analyzed following a multivariate analysis protocol. We counted a total of 205,399 individuals and 52 species. Migratory birds were an important component of the avifauna (maximum N = 21,294 individuals and 14 species). The largest numbers of birds were observed during summer, when Nearctic migrants arrive. All 14 of the most common species were migrants, including Calidris alba, Sterna maxima, Charadrius semipalmatus, Sterna hirundo, Thalasseus maximus, Pluvialis dominica and Calidris fuscicollis. The most common residents were Thalasseus s. eurrygnathus, Larus dominicanus, Coragyps atratus, Fregata magnificens and Sterna hirundinacea. Recently, most of the peripheral area adjacent to the beach has been urbanized and rapid habitat change is progressing. In this paper, we establish a reference that will allow future comparisons to assess the impact of such urbanization on the composition of bird populations on Ilha Comprida.

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Spatial-temporal Correlation of Dengue Fever and Climatic Variables in the City of São Paulo, Brazil

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e7010313067

Author(s):

Marcio Luis Valença Araújo ◽

Aloísio Nascimento Filho ◽

Antônio Cordeiro ◽

Renelson Sampaio ◽

Marcelo Moret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rank Correlation ◽

Temporal Correlation ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Climatic Variables ◽

São Paulo ◽

Main Hypothesis ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

The City

This paper studies the association between dengue cases and climatic variables in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in the period from 2001 to 2011. The main hypothesis is that climatic conditions, such as precipitation, humidity and temperature, are all correlated to the dengue spread in São Paulo. Randomization and Spearman rank correlation are applied over the collected dataset, and the estimated results show that only a higher temperature is correlated to an increase in the notification of new dengue cases in São Paulo, further reinforcing the fact that the Aedes aegypti mosquito is known to survive in distinct climatic conditions, greatly adapting itself to urban environments.

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Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000222 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Daniel Hideki Bando ◽

Fernando Madalena Volpe

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Total Sample ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

São Paulo ◽

Health Statistics ◽

Males And Females ◽

June July ◽

The City ◽

Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

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