Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

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Seasonality of suicide in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1979-2003

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462009000200004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 101-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Daniel Hideki Bando ◽

Hommenig Scrivani ◽

Pedro Alberto Morettin ◽

Chei Tung Teng

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Urban Area ◽

Total Sample ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

P Value ◽

São Paulo ◽

Zone Method ◽

Tropical Zone ◽

Significance Level ◽

The City

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate suicide seasonality in the city of São Paulo within an urban area and tropical zone. METHOD: Suicides were evaluated using the chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) by comparing monthly, quarterly and half-yearly variations, differentiating by gender. Analyses of time series were carried out using the autocorrelation function and periodogram, while the significance level for seasonality was confirmed with the Fisher's test. RESULTS: The suicides of the period between 1979 and 2003 numbered 11,434 cases. Differences were observed in suicides occurring in Spring and Autumn for the total sample (ANOVA: p-value = 0.01), and in the male sample (ANOVA: p-value = 0.02). For the analysis of time series, seasonality was significant only for the period of 7 months in the male sample (p-value = 0.04). DISCUSSION: In this study, no significant seasonal differences were observed in the occurrences of suicides, with the exception of the male sample. The differences observed did not correspond with the pattern described in studies carried out in temperate zones. Some of the climatic particularities of the tropical zone might explain the atypical pattern of seasonality of suicides found in large populations within an urban area and tropical zone.

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The epidemiology of psychotropic use in the City of São Paulo

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700028555 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 467-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Jair de Jesus Mari ◽

Naomar Almeida-Filho ◽

Evandro Coutinho ◽

Sergio Baxter Andreoli ◽

Claudio Torres de Miranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Total Sample ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

General Physician ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The City

SynopsisThis is a cross-sectional community study conducted to assess the one-year prevalence of psychotropic use in the city of São Paulo. A representative stratified sample of the city was drawn from three sub-districts selected on the basis of their health indicators (Ramos & Goihman, 1989). The probability of a psychiatric disorder was estimated by means of the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Questionnaire (QMPA) developed by Santana (1982). The total sample comprised 1742 subjects: 11·7% of males and 24·6% of females were probable cases in the QMPA, at the cut-off point 7/8. The overall psychotropic consumption was 101·6 persons/1000 inhabitants. The rate of psychotropic use was higher for females (142·3 persons/1000 inhabitants) than males (50·0 persons/1000), a difference statistically significant (χ2 = 18·0, 1 df, P < 0·001). The highest rate of consumption was for tranquillizers (80·4/1000 inhabitants) and the general physician was found to be the leading prescriber (46·9%), being followed by cardiologists (15·3%). A log-linear model was constructed to study the combined effect of sociodemographic factors on the probability of being a tranquillizer user. Women were found to take more tranquillizers than men, consumption increased with age, and the positives in the QMPA were more likely to be users than were the negatives. The higher the family income per capita the higher the risk of being a tranquillizer user. These findings applied regardless of the sub-district, marital status, and migration status of the subjects. These results are discussed in the light of the alternative possible interventions by general practitioners.

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Prevalence of the Use of Individual Protection Equipment and Accidents in Bicycle Users in São Paulo

Revista Ciencias de la Salud ◽

10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.7588 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Rennan Luiz Oliveira dos Santos ◽

Ana María Hoyos Cadavid ◽

Mariana Gomes Bitu ◽

Gabriela Morandi ◽

Neide Pena Coto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Young Male ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Total Sample ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

São Paulo ◽

Individual Protection ◽

The City

Introduction: Bikes are a popular means of transportation that brings health benefits when used regularly. However, accidents occurring in the users of this means of transport are frequent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of accidents and the use of Personal protective equipment (ppe) in bicycle users in Sao Paulo (Brazil) through the forms. In addition, the population studied was oriented to the importance of the use of ppe. Materials and methods: Cyclists from different regions of Sao Paulo responded to the form on the ppe and in the end were oriented on the correct use of the ppe. Results: The total sample was 608 people, evaluated and interviewed (210 women and 398 men). The highest percentage of respondents was 20-40 years. The most used ppe were helmet, tennis and pedal signaling. 48 % of respondents said they had already suffered an accident with this means of transport. Most of the accidents occurred in leisure times, during the mornings of sunny days. 69.5 % of respondents heard the guidelines on the correct use of ppe. Conclusions: Most cyclists in the city of Sao Paulo are young, male and do not use the ppe. The accidents suffered, using as a means of transport the bicycle, reported by the reporting population, were not related to the weather conditions, nor with the consumption of alcohol. In this study it was observed that only cyclists who were already using ppe were interested in the guidelines on their importance and correct use.

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Reaching Out to the Needy? Access to Justice and Public Attorneys’ Role in Right to Health Litigation in the City of Sao Paulo

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2165209 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Wang ◽

Octavio Luiz Motta Ferraz

Keyword(s):

Right To Health ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Access To Justice ◽

São Paulo ◽

The City ◽

The Needy

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AEROSOLS OBSERVATIONS BY AN ELASTIC LIDAR SYSTEM OVER THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

Journal of Aerosol Science ◽

10.1016/s0021-8502(21)00186-5 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 407-408

Author(s):

E. LANDULFO ◽

A. PAPAYANNIS ◽

A. ZANARDI DE FREITAS ◽

M.P.P.. M. JORGE ◽

N.D. VIEIRA JÚNIOR

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Lidar System ◽

The City

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Agriculture in São Paulo, Brazil

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6185

Author(s):

André Ruoppolo Biazoti ◽

Angélica Campos Nakamura ◽

Gustavo Nagib ◽

Vitória Oliveira Pereira de Souza Leão ◽

Giulia Giacchè ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Agriculture ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Community Gardens ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Food Chains ◽

São Paulo ◽

Sales Channels ◽

Paulo State ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers worldwide were greatly affected by disruptions in the food chain. In 2020, São Paulo city experienced most of the effects of the pandemic in Brazil, with 15,587 deaths through December 2020. Here, we describe the impacts of COVID-19 on urban agriculture (UA) in São Paulo from April to August 2020. We analyzed two governmental surveys of 2100 farmers from São Paulo state and 148 from São Paulo city and two qualitative surveys of volunteers from ten community gardens and seven urban farmers. Our data showed that 50% of the farmers were impacted by the pandemic with drops in sales, especially those that depended on intermediaries. Some farmers in the city adapted to novel sales channels, but 22% claimed that obtaining inputs became difficult. No municipal support was provided to UA in São Paulo, and pre-existing issues were exacerbated. Work on community gardens decreased, but no garden permanently closed. Post COVID-19, UA will have the challenge of maintaining local food chains established during the pandemic. Due to the increase in the price of inputs and the lack of technical assistance, governmental efforts should be implemented to support UA.

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