Palaeography, Precision and Publicity: Further Thoughts on P.Ryl.iii.457 (P52)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-499
Author(s):  
Brent Nongbri
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recent Scholarship

P.Ryl.iii.457, a papyrus fragment of the gospel of John known to New Testament scholars as P52, is regularly publicised as the earliest extant Christian manuscript and forms a central part of the Rylands collection. Yet the date generally assigned to the fragment (‘about 125 ad’) is based entirely on palaeography, or analysis of handwriting, which cannot provide such a precise date. The present article introduces new details about the acquisition of P52, engages the most recent scholarship on the date of the fragment and argues that the range of possible palaeographic dates for P52 extends into the third century.

Hermogenes the Smith and Narrative Characterisation inThe Acts of Paul: A Note on the Reception of 2 Timothy

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Edsall
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Third ◽  
Christian View ◽  
The New Testament

The figures of Demas and Hermogenes in theActs of Paulare puzzling for their ambiguous relation with figures by the same name in 2 Timothy (and, for Demas, in Philemon and Colossians). The purpose of the present article is to question what personal biographical details present in the Thecla narrative contribute to larger issues of literary dependence, focusing in particular on the notice that Hermogenes is a ‘coppersmith’. Although several scholars explain this passing reference in terms of a confused literary dependence on previous Pauline traditions, it is rarely approached as a meaningful narrative feature. This personal detail, however, should be read for its contribution to the Thecla narrative in light of the wider early Christian view of ‘smiths’, running from the New Testament texts into the third century and later. When these elements are taken into account, the smith-notice is highlighted as characterising Hermogenes (and, by extension, Demas) negatively.

scholarly journals Developing the Program Evaluation Utility Standards: Scholarly Foundations and Collaborative Processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Yarbrough
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Educational Evaluation ◽  
Évaluation De Programme ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mise En Œuvre ◽  
Collaborative Processes ◽  
Recent Scholarship

Developing the third edition of the program evaluation utility standards required multilevel collaborations among task force members, members of the Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation, sponsoring organizations, and hundreds of involved stakeholders. The scholarship on evaluation use, influence, and collaboration was foundational for the utility standards and materials accompanying them and equally important for informing the processes guiding utility standards development. This article emphasizes the foundational role of this recent scholarship and the roles played by all who collaborated in planning and implementing the utilitystandards development processes.Il a fallu une collaboration à toutes sortes de niveaux entre les membres du groupe de travail, les membres du Comité mixte sur les normes d'évaluation en éducation, les organisations commanditaires et des centaines d’intervenants pour arriver à la troisième édition des normes d’utilité en évaluation de programme. Les normes d’utilité et les documents connexes ont leur fondement dans les recherches sur l’utilisation, l’influence de l’évaluation, et la collaboration, recherches qui ont eu un impact important sur les processus qui ont guidé l’établissement des normes d’utilité. Le présent article met l’accent sur le rôle fondamental de ces recherches récentes et sur les rôles joués par toutes les personnes qui ont contribué à la planifi cation et à la mise en oeuvre des processus d’élaboration des normes d’utilité.

Elite-Instrumentalism: Persistence and Paradox

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craige B. Champion
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Roman Religion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Time Map ◽  
Interpretation Model

This chapter discusses the origins of elite-instrumentalist interpretations of Roman religion by Greek and Roman writers, and how it persists in recent scholarship. It uses a particular “time map,” spanning the period from approximately the second quarter of the third century—leading to Rome's first titanic conflict with Carthage—to the aftermath of the Gracchan revolution. The chapter first provides an overview of the so-called “polis religion,” the focus of the modern study of Roman religion, describing it as a form of elite-instrumentalism. It then considers the elite-instrumentalist interpretation/model, its history, and its paradoxical longevity in order to understand how the Roman ruling elite used religion in the Middle Republic. It also examines some of the main features of elite religion in the Middle Roman Republic. Finally, it introduces definitions, parameters, and theoretical/methodological underpinnings for the chapters that follow.

To Cast the First Stone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Knust ◽  
Tommy Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Greek East

The story of the woman taken in adultery features a dramatic confrontation between Jesus and the Pharisees over whether the adulteress should be stoned as the law commands. In response, Jesus famously states, “Let him who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her.” This book traces the history of this provocative story from its first appearance to its enduring presence today. Likely added to the Gospel of John in the third century, the passage is often held up by modern critics as an example of textual corruption by early Christian scribes and editors, yet a judgment of corruption obscures the warm embrace the story actually received. The book traces the story's incorporation into Gospel books, liturgical practices, storytelling, and art, overturning the mistaken perception that it was either peripheral or suppressed, even in the Greek East. It explores the story's many different meanings. Taken as an illustration of the expansiveness of Christ's mercy, the purported superiority of Christians over Jews, the necessity of penance, and more, this vivid episode has invited any number of creative receptions. This history reveals as much about the changing priorities of audiences, scribes, editors, and scholars as it does about an “original” text of John. The book calls attention to significant shifts in Christian book cultures and the enduring impact of oral tradition on the preservation—and destabilization—of scripture.

scholarly journals The Spirit of God in the New Testament: Diverse witnesses

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries Van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Gospel Of John ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Triune God ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Nicene Creed ◽  
Three Phases

The article begins with a discussion of the development of the doctine with regard to the Holy Spirit. This development took place in three phases: from apocalypticism to the Nicene Creed to the Reformation. In the doctrine of the Triune God the Holy Spirit functions as the third persona. In the New Testament the Spiit of God should be seen against the background of intermediary and apocalyptic figures. A comparison of passages in Luke-Acts, the Gospel of John and Paul's letter to the Romans attests to a diversity of witnesses with regard to the Spirit of God. The aricle includes a discourse on the nature of the chaismatic gits of the Holy Spirit witnessed in 1 Cointhians 12. By way of conclusion, a list of recommended publications with regard to the Biblical witness of the Spirit of God is presented.

The Innocence of Pontius Pilate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lloyd Dusenbury
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
First Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
History Of Empire

The gospels and ancient historians agree: Jesus was sentenced to death by Pontius Pilate, the Roman imperial prefect in Jerusalem. To this day, Christians of all churches confess that Jesus died 'under Pontius Pilate'. But what exactly does that mean? Within decades of Jesus' death, Christians began suggesting that it was the Judaean authorities who had crucified Jesus—a notion later echoed in the Qur'an. In the third century, one philosopher raised the notion that, although Pilate had condemned Jesus, he'd done so justly; this idea survives in one of the main strands of modern New Testament criticism. So what is the truth of the matter? And what is the history of that truth? David Lloyd Dusenbury reveals Pilate's 'innocence' as not only a neglected theological question, but a recurring theme in the history of European political thought. He argues that Jesus' interrogation by Pilate, and Augustine of Hippo's African sermon on that trial, led to the concept of secularity and the logic of tolerance emerging in early modern Europe. Without the Roman trial of Jesus, and the arguments over Pilate's innocence, the history of empire—from the first century to the twenty-first—would have been radically different.

scholarly journals Vertellersperspektiefanalise van Nuwe-Testamentiese tekste

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries G. Van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
Generic Elements

Narrative point analysis of New Testament textsThe article forms the second part of an essay that aims to introduce narratological codes applicable for the exegesis of New Testament texts. In the first article generic elements that constitute a narrative discourse were discussed. The focus was on aspects of intercommunicative nature. The aim of the present article is to explain how interactive relationships in a narrative discourse reveal the perspective from which a narrator presents a narration. This perspective pertains to what technically is referred to as “narrative point of view”. The relatedness of this concept to the notion “focalization” is explained by ilustrating the narrator’s situation with regard to the role time, space, and characterization play in the poetics of a narrative. The article is concluded with a discussion of the concept the “narrator’s ideological perspective”. In a following article that forms the third part, the theoretical explanation will be demonstrated by an analysis of John 4:43-54.

The Exegesis of John X. 30 In the Early Trinitarian Controversies

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Fourth Gospel ◽  
The Third ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
The Church ◽  
Arian Controversy

Of all the New Testament writings, it is the Fourth Gospel which raises in their most acute form the problems which were to vex the Church in the Trinitarian controversies of the third and fourth centuries. Many of the arguments set forth both by the heterodox and by their orthodox opponents consisted of exegesis of Johannine texts, and at the centre of the Monarchian controversies of the third century and the Arian controversy of the fourth was the question of the correct exegesis of John x. 30, I and the Father are one (ὡ ἕ ).

scholarly journals Die narratiewe blikhoek in die mikrovertelling oor die genesing van die koninklike se seun deur Jesus in Johannes 4:43-54

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andries G. Van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Narrative Discourse ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Ideological Perspective ◽  
John's Gospel ◽  
Generic Elements

Narrative point of view in the healing story of the official’s son by Jesus in John 4:43-54The article forms the third part of an essay that aims to introduce narratological codes applicable to the exegesis of New Testament texts. In the first article generic elements that constitute a narrative discourse were discussed. The focus was on aspects of inter-communicative nature. The aim of the second article was to explain how interactive relationships in a narrative discourse reveal the perspective from which a narrator presents a narration. From the perspective technically referred to as “narrative point of view”, the present article applies the narrator’s situation with regard to the role time, space, and characterization play in the poetics of a narrative to an exegetical analysis of John 4:43-54, focusing on the “narrator’s ideological perspective” in John’s gospel.

Pre-Maccabean Documents in the Passover Haggadah

1942 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-332
Author(s):  
Louis Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Third Century ◽  
High Priest ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Normative Statement

In an article published in the Harvard Theological Review, XXXI, pp. 291–317, I endeavored to show that the Midrash based on Deuteronomy 26. 5–8, which forms the core of the Passover Haggadah (hereinafter M) was composed in pre-Maccabean times, probably in the third century B.C., when Palestine was ruled by the Ptolemies. I propose in the present article to consider three other parts of the Haggadah, which I believe are likewise pre-Maccabean. They are (1) the opening passage (hereinafter A); (2) the alternative opening (hereinafter B) prescribed by Rab in the third century of the Christian Era, and included in extant rituals after A; and (3) the poem Dayyenu, “it would have been ample for us” (hereinafter D). Evidence will be presented associating B and D particularly with the high priesthood of Jason, the son of Simeon the Righteous, and high priest in Jerusalem from 175 to 172 B.C. In connection with the discussion of these passages, it will be necessary to study also (4) the Baraita of the Four Sons (hereinafter E), which has also been incorporated into the Passover Haggadah. (A baraita is a formulated, normative statement, originating with the earlier Rabbinic scholars, i.e. those of the Mishnaic or tannaitic period, ending about the year 220 of the Christian Era; but not included in the Mishna itself.)

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