scholarly journals Comparison of long-term low-fat versus high-fat diets on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (OCE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schwingshackl ◽  
G. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

scholarly journals Very low-carbohydrate high-fat diets are superior to low-fat diets in improving cardiovascular markers: meta-analysis of large, long-term randomised controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teuta Gjuladin-Hellon ◽  
Ian Davies ◽  
Jackie Fealey ◽  
Alexander Montasem ◽  
Katie Lane
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractOur recent study (1) showed that the amount of dietary carbohydrates in obesity interventions has differential effects on cardiovascular risk markers (CVM) and effects magnitude depends on intervention duration. Very-low carbohydrate high-fat diets (VLCD) were superior in ameliorating lipid markers compared to high-carbohydrate low-fat diets (LFD).We updated our systematic review and meta-analysis to include long-term effects of VLCD (< 50 g /day) on weight, glucose, total cholesterol, insulin and blood pressure (BP) among overweight/obese adults in comparison to LFD.Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and CINAHLPlus were searched to identify large (n > 100) randomised controlled trials (RCT) with duration ≥ 6 months. Risk of bias, a random effects model and subgroup analyses based on duration of follow-up were performed using Review Manager. Results were reported according to PRISMA.Four open label RCT (n = 723; 362 VLCD; 361 LFD) with some form of behavioral intervention and duration 6–24 months were identified. VLCD showed more favorable effects on diastolic BP at 6 months (-1.96; 95%CI, -2.99 to 00.93; P = 0.0002) and 24 months (-2.69; 95%CI, -4.87 to -0.51; P = 0.001), near significant level at 12 months (-1.79; 95%CI, -3.56 to 0.04; P = 0.05) and an overall total favourable effect (-1.98; 95%CI, -2.73 to -1.22). The decrease in systolic BP was greater among VLCD for the whole period and the overall total effect reached the level of significance (-1.76; 95%CI, -3.56 to 0.04; P = 0.05). VLCD showed beneficial effect on total cholesterol level at 6 and 12 months (-0.01 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.01 to –0.00; P = 0.002 and -0.01 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.01 to –0.00; P = 0.005, respectively). The mean changes in weight, and fasting glucose and insulin levels revealed non-significant differences between both diets at any measured time, although these parameters decreased within both groups compared to baseline.VLCD led to significant total weighted mean decrease of diastolic BP and near significant decrease of systolic BP independent of changes in body weight, fasting glucose or insulin levels. The present data on decreased levels of diastolic BP and total cholesterol, combined with our recently published results on increased HDL-cholesterol, decreased triglycerides and no significant effect on LDL-cholesterol (1) provide evidence that VLCD are superior to LFD in improving traditional CVM in longer term.

scholarly journals Comparison of the long-term effects of high-fat v. low-fat diet consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (12) ◽  
pp. 2047-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Schwingshackl ◽  
Georg Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat

The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the long-term effects ( ≥ 12 months) of high-fat (HF) v. low-fat (LF) diet consumption on the indicators of glycaemic control as well as cardiovascular risk factors in pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Literature search was carried out using the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Trial Register until November 2013. Study-specific weighted mean differences (MD) were pooled using a random-effects model of the Cochrane software package Review Manager 5.1 and Stata 12.0 was used for meta-regressions. A total of fourteen trials met the inclusion criteria and a maximum of 1753 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. HF regimens were found to result in a significant decrease in TAG levels (MD − 0·19 mmol/l, 95 % CI − 0·23, − 0·14, P< 0·001; I2= 0 %, P= 0·58) and diastolic blood pressure (MD − 1·30 mmHg, 95 % CI − 1·73, − 0·87, P< 0·001; I2= 0 %, P= 0·60) and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels (MD 0·05 mmol/l, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·08, P= 0·01; I2= 57 %, P= 0·01). In addition, MD in the reductions of fasting glucose levels ( − 0·41 mmol/l, 95 % CI − 0·74, − 0·08, P= 0·01; I2= 56 %, P= 0·02) were significantly high in patients with type 2 diabetes adhering to a HF diet. HF and LF diets might not be of equal value in the management of either pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes, leading to emphasis being placed on the recommendations of HF diets.

scholarly journals Effects of low-fat compared with high-fat diet on cardiometabolic indicators in people with overweight and obesity without overt metabolic disturbance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqing Lu ◽  
Yi Wan ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Catherine E. Huggins ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Disturbance ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

AbstractRandomised controlled trials comparing low- v. high-fat diets on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with overweight or obesity have shown inconsistent results, which may be due to the mixed metabolic status of people with excess adiposity. The role of dietary fat manipulation in modifying cardiometabolic indicators in people with overweight or obese without metabolic disturbance is unclear. Thus, meta-analysis was conducted to compare low- v. high-fat diets on cardiometabolic indicators in people who are overweight or obese without metabolic disturbance in the present study. Databases were searched until October 2016. The pooled effects of outcomes with heterogeneity were calculated with a random-effects model, heterogeneities were analysed by subgroup and meta-regression. As a result, twenty studies with 2106 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were lower following low-fat diets compared with high-fat diets: weighted mean difference (WMD) was −7·05 mg/dl (−0·18 mmol/l; 95 % CI −11·30, −2·80; P=0·001) and −4·41 mg/dl (−0·11 mmol/l; 95 % CI −7·81, −1·00; P=0·011), respectively. Conversely, significant higher level of TAG (WMD: 11·68 mg/dl (0·13 mmol/l), 95 % CI 5·90, 17·45; P<0·001) and lower level of HDL-cholesterol (WMD: −2·57 mg/dl (−0·07 mmol/l); 95 % CI −3·85, −1·28; P<0·001) were found following low-fat diets compared with high-fat diets. In conclusion, dietary fat manipulation has a significant influence on blood lipid levels in people with overweight or obesity without metabolic disturbances.

Abstract 480: Exacerbation of Arterial Stiffness in Obese Adiponectin Deficient Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Murali ◽  
Carla Taylor ◽  
Peter Zahradka ◽  
Jeffrey Wigle
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Background and Objective: Arterial stiffness is recognized as being an independent predictor of incipient vascular disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. In obese subjects, the decrease in the plasma level of adiponectin, an anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic adipokine, is well known. Hence the aim of our study was to examine the effect of loss of adiponectin on the development of arterial stiffness in response to a high fat diet. Methods and Results: Male 8-week old adiponectin knockout (APN KO) and C57BL/6 (control) mice were fed a high fat diet (60% Calories from fat) for 12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance (n=10/group). APN KO and C57BL/6 mice were fed a low fat diet (10% Calories from fat) and used as lean controls (n=10/group). After 12 weeks on the high fat diet, the APN KO mice weighed significantly more than the C57BL/6 mice (45.1±1.3 g vs 40.1±1.1 g, p=0.0008) but there was no difference in the final weights between genotypes fed the low fat diet. APN KO mice on both high and low fat diets for 12 weeks developed insulin resistance as measured by oral glucose tolerance test (Area under curve (AUC) mmol/L х min = 437±70 and 438±57) as compared to the C57BL/6 mice fed low or high fat diets (AUC mmol/L х min = 251±27 and 245±43). Arterial stiffness was determined by Doppler pulse wave velocity analysis of the femoral artery. Pulse wave velocity was increased in APN KO mice fed a high fat diet relative to those fed the low fat diet (12.56±0.78 cm/s vs 9.47±0.95 cm/s, p=0.0035; n=8-10). Pulse wave velocity was not different between C57BL/6 control mice on the low or high fat diets (10.63±0.73 cm/s and 10.86±0.50 cm/s), thus revealing that only mice deficient in adiponectin developed arterial stiffness in response to high fat diet. Conclusions: Potentiation of the vascular stiffness in diet-induced obese APN KO mice indicates that adiponectin has a role in modulating vascular structure and the APN KO mouse models the vascular changes that occur in human obesity and metabolic disorders. Morphometric analysis of the aortic tissues for vessel thickness and expression of extracellular proteins will further validate the potential role of adiponectin on the maintenance of arterial elasticity in addition to its known effect on eNOS mediated vasoprotection.

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