Transfer ofEimeria apionodesfrom wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) to laboratory mice (Mus musculus)

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. M. Ibrahim ◽  
F. Nowell
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Apodemus Sylvaticus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
Repeated Passage ◽  
Different Levels

Transfer ofEimeria apionodesfrom wood mice directly into untreated laboratory mice was unsuccessful but transfer into corticosteroid-treated animals produced an oocyst output, about 1000 times less than that observed from wood mice after a similar inoculum. Repeated passage through corticosteroid-treated laboratory mice resulted in a line adapted to survival in untreated animals. This line was compared with the parent strain maintained in wood mice and some features of the oocyst output patterns, notably the pre-patent period, appeared to be controlled by the host species. The oocyst production of each population was higher in the host species to which it was adapted than in the other host species (P> 0·001). Once adapted to laboratory mice, the line produced insignificantly different levels of oocysts in corticosteroid-treated and untreated animals (P> 0·05).

Eimeria species infecting wood mice (genus Apodemus) and the transfer of two species to Mus musculus

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nowell ◽  
S. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
Natural Hosts

SUMMARYCharacteristics of four species of Eimeria isolated from Apodemus sylvaticus are described. From oocyst morphology, three are identified as E. apionodes, E. hungaryensis and E. uptoni, the fourth being unnamed. Cloning demonstrated that oocysts of E. hungaryensis were polymorphic. Previous literature relating to the taxonomy is discussed and discrepancies outlined. Species isolated from A. sylvaticus were not transmissible to Clethrionomys glareolus, but both E. hungaryensis and E. apionodes have been passaged through immunosuppressed laboratory mice, the former species more than 16 times. In both A. sylvaticus and immunosuppressed laboratory mice, endogenous development of E. hungaryensis occurred mainly in enterocytes near the tips of the villi in the first half of the small intestine, with a few parasites in the rest of the small intestine and into the large intestine. The pre-patent period was 2 days in both hosts but oocyst output was higher in the natural hosts. E. apionodes parasitized enterocytes on the sides or at the base of the villi, mainly in the last 90% of the small intestine with a few parasites in the large intestine. The pre-patent period was 7 days. Parasites, probably E. hungaryensis and E. apionodes, were also isolated from A. flavicollis.

Progeny Testing of Dairy Bulls at Different Levels of Management

1954 ◽  
Vol 1954 ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
European Cattle

There are two schools of thought concerning the most appropriate environment in which to select breeding animals. One says ‘ Always select animals under environmental conditions similar to those where they are to be used ‘. The other says ‘ Select breeding animals in the optimum environment so that they have the best chance of revealing their genetic capabilities ‘. Experiments on growth of laboratory mice and experience with European cattle in the tropics have shown the advisability of the first course in these cases. In regard to hill sheep and dairy cattle in Britain, on the other hand, practice favours the second course, but there is little experimental evidence to support it.

Is there a germ plasm in mouse oocytes?

Zygote ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiy Reunov
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Mouse Oocytes ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Graafian Follicle

It was found that in the Graafian oocytes of laboratory mice Mus musculus the population of electron-dense bodies contains two patterns of structures. One of these, designated as cortical granules, originated from the Golgi complex and was surrounded by a membrane. The other was discovered as cristae-containing mitochondrial derivatives lacked an outer membrane. It was found that the mitochondrial derivatives underwent progressive condensation and transformed into electron-dense bodies similar to germinal bodies of metazoan animals. Based on examination of Graafian follicle oocytes from 5 female individuals, about 15% of electron-dense bodies were cortical granules. However, about 85% of electron-dense bodies were condensing mitochondrial derivatives transforming into electron-dense bodies.

scholarly journals The distribution of larval Aspiculuris tetraptera Schulz during a primary infection in Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus sylvaticus

Parasitology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy M. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Apodemus Sylvaticus ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

The larvae of Aspiculuris tetraptera were found in the mid-colon of mice within hours of infection. When the colon was divided into 10 equal sections the larvae were mainly found in sections 5, 6 and 7 during the first 6 days of the infection. The worms entered the crypts of Lieberkühn in this region on day 1 and remained there until day 4 or 5. After this time they left the crypts and returned to the lumen of the colon. On day 7 the worms emigrated anteriorly and thereafter were recovered only from the proximal region of the colon (sections 1–4), although in heavier infections a few larvae remained in the mid-colon.The initial establishment site was the same in both Rattus norvegicus and in Apodemus sylvaticus, but an infection with A. tetraptera in the abnormal hosts, R. norvegicus and A. sylvaticus, was characterized by less than 7% of the inoculum becoming established, a slower rate of growth and a wider distribution centering around the preferred site. The small number of established larvae was lost from the rat before day 12 and from A. sylvaticus before day 8, whereas larvae persisted in laboratory mice for a longer period.

Effect of Catfish Bone Paste on the Properties of Steamed Bread

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 757-760
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Ren ◽  
Li Zhen Ma ◽  
Xin Yi He
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Cell ◽  
A Value ◽  
Crumb Structure ◽  
Steamed Bread ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different levels of catfish bone paste to flour on the physicochemical, textural and crumb structure properties of steamed bread. Six different levels (0, 1, 3, 5, 7,10 %) of catfish bone paste to flour were used in the formulation of the steamed bread. The results showed that the weight loss and TTA of steamed bread decreased with an increase in the levels of the catfish bone paste. On the other hand, the pH increased with an increase in the levels of the catfish bone paste. The specific volume, hardness, chewiness and gas cell structure in the crumb of steamed bread with catfish bone paste at 5% supplementation level were better. Thus, a value of 5% catfish bone paste was considered a better level for incorporation into the steamed bread.

scholarly journals Higher mortality of the less suitable brown trout host compared to the principal Atlantic salmon host when infested with freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) glochidia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janhavi Marwaha ◽  
Per Johan Jakobsen ◽  
Sten Karlsson ◽  
Bjørn Mejdell Larsen ◽  
Sebastian Wacker
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Other ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Freshwater Pearl Mussel ◽  
Host Interaction

AbstractThe freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) is a highly host-specific parasite, with an obligate parasitic stage on salmonid fish. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta f. trutta and Salmo trutta f. fario) are the only hosts in their European distribution. Some M. margaritifera populations exclusively infest either Atlantic salmon or brown trout, while others infest both hosts with one salmonid species typically being the principal host and the other a less suitable host. Glochidial abundance, prevalence and growth are often used as parameters to measure host suitability, with the most suitable host species displaying the highest parameters. However, it is not known if the degree of host specialisation will negatively influence host fitness (virulence) among different host species. In this study we examined the hypothesis that glochidial infestation would result in differential virulence in two salmonid host species and that lower virulence would be observed on the most suitable host. Atlantic salmon and brown trout were infested with glochidia from two M. margaritifera populations that use Atlantic salmon as their principal host, and the difference in host mortality among infested and control (sham infested) fish was examined. Higher mortality was observed in infested brown trout (the less suitable host) groups, compared to the other test groups. Genetic assignment was used to identify offspring from individual mother mussels. We found that glochidia from individual mothers can infest both the salmonid hosts; however, some mothers displayed a bias towards either salmon or trout. We believe that the differences in host-dependent virulence and the host bias displayed by individual mothers were a result of genotype × genotype interactions between the glochidia and their hosts, indicating that there is an underlying genetic component for this parasite-host interaction.

scholarly journals Independent Lineage of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1677-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ledesma ◽  
Cesare Giovanni Fedele ◽  
Francisco Carro ◽  
Lourdes Lledó ◽  
María Paz Sánchez-Seco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Apodemus Sylvaticus ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus ◽  
Wood Mice

Distinction between Dolus and Culpa with reference to Arson in Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

The difference between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) was rarely emphasized in codified medieval laws and regulations. When compared to the legal statements related to intent, negligence was mentioned even more rarely. However, there are some laws that distinguished between the two concepts in terms of some specific crimes, such as arson. This paper draws attention to three medieval Slavic legal documents – the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem (ZSLJ), the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj. They are compared with reference to regulations regarding arson, with the focus being on arson as a crime committed intentionally or out of negligence. The ZSLJ as the oldest known Slavic law in the world shows some similarities with other medieval Slavic legal codes, especially in the field of criminal law, since most of the ZSLJ’s articles are related to criminal law. On the other hand, the Vinodol Law is the oldest preserved Croatian law and it is among the oldest Slavic codes in the world. It was written in 1288 in the Croatian Glagolitic script and in the Croatian Chakavian dialect. The third document – the Statute of Senj – regulated legal matters in the Croatian littoral town of Senj. It was written in 1388 – exactly a century after the Vinodol Law was proclaimed. When comparing the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj with the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, there are clear differences and similarities, particularly in the field of criminal law. Within the framework of criminal offenses, the act of arson is important for making a distinction between intent and negligence. While the ZSLJ regulates different levels of guilt, the Vinodol Law makes no difference between dolus and culpa. On the other hand, the Statute of Senj strictly refers to negligence as a punishable crime. Even though the ZSLJ is almost half a millennium older than the Statute of Senj and around 400 years older than the Vinodol Law, this paper proves that the ZSLJ defines the guilt and the punishment for arson much better than the other two laws.

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