Microscopical observations on immune precipitates formedin vitroon the surface of hymenolepid tapeworms

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hoole ◽  
J. Andreassen ◽  
D. Birklund
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Hymenolepis Microstoma

SUMMARYFour-day-old worms of the tapewormsHymenolepis microstoma,H. diminutaandH. nanaand newly excystedH. microstomawere exposed in vitro at 37 °C to immune serum from mice infected for 4–1 2 weeks withH. microstoma. Worms were fixed for electron microscopy after intervals of 5 min to 96 h. Within 10–15 min an homogeneous precipitate occurred between the microtriches of 4-day-oldH. microstomaandH. nana, while on some areas ofH. microstomathe precipitate extended distal to the microthrix border and contained small vesicles (30 nm in diameter) and shed microtriches. InH. diminutaprecipitates were not found until 2 h post-incubation. The thickness of the precipitate and the number of small vesicles and shed microtriches increased with time after incubation. Since a similar precipitate occurred on worms kept in complement-depleted immune serum, antibodies alone may induce immune damage. The precipitate on newly excystedH. microstomalacked microthrix fragments. After 48 h an extensive precipitate was found protruding from the rostellar glands on someH. microstoma, and within the culture vessel. Antibodies may therefore be complexing with tapeworm secretory products.

Dipetalonema viteae: ultrastructural study on the in vitro interaction between rat macrophages and microfilariae in the presence of IgE antibody

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ouaissi ◽  
A. Haque ◽  
A. Capron
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dipetalonema Viteae ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

SUMMARYThe in vitro interaction between rat peritoneal macrophages and Dipetalonema viteae microfilariae in the presence of amicrofilaraemic rat immune serum was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The probable sequence of events leading to the killing of D. viteae microfilaria by macrophages is as follows. (a) Rat peritoneal macrophages in the presence of amicrofilaraemic rat immune serum adhere to the parasite surface, (b) the macrophages extend their pseudopodia around the parasite, (c) the ‘lysosome-like’ granules discharge their contents on to the parasite surface, (d) the lytic activity of these products begins at the parasite surface and (e) subsequent breaking of the microfilarial cuticle occurs, exposing the parasite intracellular material.

Electron-Microscopic Observations of Polyoma Virus-Transformed Mouse Cells Treated with Specific Immune Serum

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
G. NEGRONI ◽  
RITA TILLY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Polyoma Virus ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Serum Complement ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Pig Serum

Transformed, non-malignant cells from a polyoma virus-induced mouse fibrosarcoma were treated with immune serum raised in isologous mice, and fresh guinea-pig serum (complement). Electron microscopy showed that reduction in cell viability in vitro was associated with damage to cell membranes. The extravasated cell organelles showed only minimal changes.

The In Vitro Action of Immune Serum on the Juveniles of the Nematode, Oesophagostomum columbianum (Curtice, 1890) Stossich, 1899

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Dhar ◽  
Kunwar Suresh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Oesophagostomum Columbianum ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. A precipitate was formed at the oral opening, excretory pore and anal opening of the fourth stage juveniles of O. columbianum in the presence of immune serum in vitro, causing their immobilisation and subsequent death in large numbers. The precipitates failed to appear on these juveniles in normal serum or in saline; nor did they appear on the third stage juveniles on incubation in immune sera. Apparently the excretory-secretory products of the fourth stage juveniles of O. columbianum serve as antigen and play an important role in the stimulation of antibodies in the host.2. Inactivation of the immune serum did not destroy the precipitin type of antibody, nor was it affected when the immune animals had been treated with cortisone.3. Immune serum from animals receiving multiple infections showed a higher antibody titre.4. The possible way in which the antibody acts on the fourth stage juveniles, causing their immobilisation and subsequent death, is discussed.

scholarly journals Microcapsules on Streptococcus mutans Serotypes by Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella M. Grenier ◽  
R.H. Gray ◽  
W.J. Loesche ◽  
W.C. Eveland
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Capsular Material

Extracellular microcapsules have been demonstrated on cells of most serotypes of Streptococcus mutans by electron microscopy, using bacterial strains of the various serotypes and peroxidase labeled or unlabeled immune serum. A correlation was noted between the amount of capsular substance on the strains of S mutans examined and degree of antigenicity as expressed by the indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) title. A serotype d strain was shown to lose both antigenicity as determined by the FA reaction and capsular material as seen by electron microscopy with repeated in vitro passage. When 10% unheated rabbit serum was added to the medium, antigenicity and capsular material were restored.

Sem Studies of Co-Cr-Mo Surgical Implant Alloy Corrosion Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 520-521
Author(s):  
Ann Chidester Van Orden ◽  
John L. Chidester ◽  
Anna C. Fraker ◽  
Pei Sung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of small variations in the composition on the corrosion behavior of Co-Cr-Mo alloys has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and electrochemical measurements. SEM and EDX data were correlated with data from in vitro corrosion measurements involving repassivation and also potentiostatic anodic polarization measurements. Specimens studied included the four alloys shown in Table 1. Corrosion tests were conducted in Hanks' physiological saline solution which has a pH of 7.4 and was held at a temperature of 37°C. Specimens were mechanically polished to a surface finish with 0.05 µm A1203, then exposed to the solution and anodically polarized at a rate of 0.006 v/min. All voltages were measured vs. the saturated calomel electrode (s.c.e.).. Specimens had breakdown potentials near 0.47V vs. s.c.e.

Maytansine-Induced Mitotic Arrest in Human Lymphoblasts

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Tai-Te Chao ◽  
John Sullivan ◽  
Awtar Krishan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tubulin Polymerization ◽  
Vinca Alkaloids ◽  
Antimitotic Activity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Flow Microfluorometry ◽  
Brain Tubulin

Maytansine, a novel ansa macrolide (1), has potent anti-tumor and antimitotic activity (2, 3). It blocks cell cycle traverse in mitosis with resultant accumulation of metaphase cells (4). Inhibition of brain tubulin polymerization in vitro by maytansine has also been reported (3). The C-mitotic effect of this drug is similar to that of the well known Vinca- alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine. This study was carried out to examine the effects of maytansine on the cell cycle traverse and the fine struc- I ture of human lymphoblasts.Log-phase cultures of CCRF-CEM human lymphoblasts were exposed to maytansine concentrations from 10-6 M to 10-10 M for 18 hrs. Aliquots of cells were removed for cell cycle analysis by flow microfluorometry (FMF) (5) and also processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FMF analysis of cells treated with 10-8 M maytansine showed a reduction in the number of G1 cells and a corresponding build-up of cells with G2/M DNA content.

Some Structural Features of Metaphase Chromosomes of Mice and Men

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Of Mice And Men ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.

Electron Microscopy of Fibroblasts from Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 498-499
Author(s):  
S. E. Miller ◽  
G. B. Hartwig ◽  
R. A. Nielsen ◽  
A. P. Frost ◽  
A. D. Roses
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Cultured Skin ◽  
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Glycosaminoglycan Metabolism

Many genetic diseases can be demonstrated in skin cells cultured in vitro from patients with inborn errors of metabolism. Since myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD) affects many organs other than muscle, it seems likely that this defect also might be expressed in fibroblasts. Detection of an alteration in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients would provide a valuable tool in the study of the disease as it would present a readily accessible and controllable system for examination. Furthermore, fibroblast expression would allow diagnosis of fetal and presumptomatic cases. An unusual staining pattern of MMD cultured skin fibroblasts as seen by light microscopy, namely, an increase in alcianophilia and metachromasia, has been reported; both these techniques suggest an altered glycosaminoglycan metabolism An altered growth pattern has also been described. One reference on cultured skin fibroblasts from a different dystrophy (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) reports increased cytoplasmic inclusions seen by electron microscopy. Also, ultrastructural alterations have been reported in muscle and thalamus biopsies from MMD patients, but no electron microscopical data is available on MMD cultured skin fibroblasts.

Alterations of ultrastructure and elemental composition in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes after treatment with nitrofurazone and silver sulfadiazine

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 676-677
Author(s):  
A. R. Crooker ◽  
M. C. Myers ◽  
T. L. Beard ◽  
E. S. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Cytotoxicity Endpoints

Cell culture systems have become increasingly popular as a means of screening toxic agents and studying toxic mechanisms of drugs and other chemicals at the cellular and subcellular levels. These in vitro tests can be conducted rapidly in a broad range of relevant mammalian culture systems; a variety of biological and biochemical cytotoxicity endpoints can be examined. The following study utilized human keratinocytes to evaluate the relative cytotoxicities of nitrofurazone (NF) and silver sulfadiazine (SS), the active ingredients of FURACIN(R) Topical Cream and SILVADENE(R) Cream, respectively. These compounds are anti-infectives used in the treatment of burn patients. Cell ultrastructure and elemental composition were utilized as cytotoxicity endpoints.Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (HK) were prepared from the EpiPackTM culture system (Clonetics Corporation, Boulder, CO). For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cells were seeded on sterile 35 mm Falcon plastic dishes; for elemental microanalysis, cells were plated on polished pyrolytic carbon discs (E. Fullam, Latham, NY) placed in the culture dishes.

Correlation Between Cellular Functions and Morphological Changes of Human Trophoblast in Vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Michael T. Story ◽  
Donald Yorde ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marked Activity ◽  
Malignant Trophoblast

Human malignant trophoblast cells in continuous culture were incubated for 3 days in medium containing 1 mM N6-O2'-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and 1 mM theophylline. The culture fluid was replenished daily. Stimulated cultures secreted many times more chorionic gonadotropin and estrogens than did control cultures in the absence of increased cellular proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed remarkable surface changes of stimulated cells. Control cells (not stimulated) were smooth or provided with varying numbers of microvilli (Fig. 1). The latter, usually, were short and thin. The surface features of stimulated cells were considerably different. There was marked increase of microvilli which appeared elongated and thick. Many cells were covered with confluent polypoid projections (Fig. 2). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated marked activity of cytoplasmic organelles. Mitochondria were increased in number and size; some giant forms with numerous cristae were observed.

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