Molecular characterization of putative Hepatozoon sp. from the sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus)

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDRA BIEDRZYCKA ◽  
AGNIESZKA KLOCH ◽  
MAGDALENA MIGALSKA ◽  
WOJCIECH BIELAŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sedge Warbler ◽  
Blood Smears

SUMMARYWe characterized partial sequences of 18S rDNA from sedge warblers infected with a parasite described previously as Hepatozoon kabeeni. Prevalence was 47% in sampled birds. We detected 3 parasite haplotypes in 62 sequenced samples from infected animals. In phylogenetic analyses, 2 of the putative Hepatozoon haplotypes closely resembled Lankesterella minima and L. valsainensis. The third haplotype grouped in a wider clade composed of Caryospora and Eimeria. None of the haplotypes showed resemblance to sequences of Hepatozoon from reptiles and mammals. Molecular detection results were consistent with those from microscopy of stained blood smears, confirming that the primers indeed amplified the parasite sequences. Here we provide evidence that the avian Hepatozoon-like parasites are most likely Lankesterella, supporting the suggestion that the systematic position of avian Hepatozoon-like species needs to be revised.

Morpho-molecular characterization of Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales) with two novel species from Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 356 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIU-JU SHANG ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
RAJESH JEEWON ◽  
SEHROON KHAN ◽  
ITTHAYAKORN PROMPUTTHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Third

Three species of Peroneutypa were collected from dead wood in Thailand. Two new taxa P. diminutiasca and P. rubiformis are herein described, illustrated and compared with related taxa, based on the evidence from morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Details for the holomorphs of P. rubiformis and the third species P. scoparia are provided. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS and TUB2 DNA sequence dataset support their placement in the genus Peroneutypa  (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales). An updated key to Peroneutypa species is also provided.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium from various hosts

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. M. MORGAN ◽  
K. D. SARGENT ◽  
P. DEPLAZES ◽  
D. A. FORBES ◽  
F. SPANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mouse Genotype ◽  
Distinct Genotype ◽  
Animal Isolates

A 298 bp region of the Cryptosporidium parvum 18S rDNA and a 390 bp region of the acetyl-CoA synthetase gene were sequenced for a range of human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium from different geographical areas. A distinct genotype is common to isolates from cattle, sheep and goats and also an alpaca from Peru and is referred to here as the ‘calf’-derived Cryptosporidium genotype. Another genotype of ‘human’-derived isolates also appears to be conserved amongst human isolates although humans are also susceptible to infection with the ‘calf’ Cryptosporidium genotype. Mice and pigs carry genetically distinct genotypes of Cryptosporidium. Three snake isolates were also analysed, 2 of which exhibited C. muris genotypes and the third snake isolate carried a distinct ‘mouse’ genotype.

scholarly journals Functional and Molecular Characterization of the Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa Inulosucrase

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Gülbahar Abaramak ◽  
Jaime Ricardo Porras-Domínguez ◽  
Henry Christopher Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Eveline Lescrinier ◽  
Ebru Toksoy Öner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Specific Alternative ◽  
Binding Groove ◽  
Native Host

Fructans are fructose-based (poly)saccharides with inulin and levan being the best-known ones. Thanks to their health-related benefits, inulin-type fructans have been under the focus of scientific and industrial communities, though mostly represented by plant-based inulins, and rarely by microbial ones. Recently, it was discovered that some extremely halophilic Archaea are also able to synthesize fructans. Here, we describe the first in-depth functional and molecular characterization of an Archaeal inulosucrase from Halomicrobium sp. IBSBa (HmcIsc). The HmcIsc enzyme was recombinantly expressed and purified in Escherichia coli and shown to synthesize inulin as proven by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In accordance with the halophilic lifestyle of its native host, the enzyme showed maximum activity at very high NaCl concentrations (3.5 M), with specific adaptations for that purpose. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that Archaeal inulosucrases have been acquired from halophilic bacilli through horizontal gene transfer, with a HX(H/F)T motif evolving further into a HXHT motif, together with a unique D residue creating the onset of a specific alternative acceptor binding groove. This work uncovers a novel area in fructan research, highlighting unexplored aspects of life in hypersaline habitats, and raising questions about the general physiological relevance of inulosucrases and their products in nature.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of PGC-1β (PPAR Gamma Coactivator 1β) and its Roles in Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangle Lu ◽  
Tomas Policar ◽  
Xiaojun Song ◽  
Samad Rahimnejad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Megalobrama Amblycephala ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Blunt Snout Bream ◽  
Mitochondria Biogenesis

This study aimed at achieving the molecular characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1β (PGC-1β) and exploring its modulatory roles in mitochondria biogenesis in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). A full-length cDNA of PGC-1β was cloned from liver which covered 3110 bp encoding 859 amino acids. The conserved motifs of PGC-1β family proteins were gained by MEME software, and the phylogenetic analyses showed motif loss and rearrangement of PGC-1β in fish. The function of PGC-1β was evaluated through overexpression and knockdown of PGC-1β in primary hepatocytes of blunt snout bream. We observed overexpression of PGC-1β along with enhanced mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression and mtDNA copies in hepatocytes, and its knockdown led to slightly reduced NRF1 expression. However, knockdown of PGC-1β did not significantly influence TFAM expression or mtDNA copies. The alterations in mitochondria biogenesis were assessed following high-fat intake, and the results showed that it induces downregulation of PGC-1β. Furthermore, significant decreases in mitochondrial respiratory chain activities and mitochondria biogenesis were observed by high-fat intake. Our findings demonstrated that overexpression of PGC-1β induces the enhancement of TFAM expression and mtDNA amount but not NRF-1. Therefore, it could be concluded that PGC-1β is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in blunt snout bream but not through PGC-1β/NRF-1 pathway.

Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the liver amphistome Explanatum explanatum (Creplin, 1847) Fukui, 1929 in ruminants from Bangladesh and Nepal based on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 and mitochondrial nad1 sequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.K. Mohanta ◽  
H.B. Rana ◽  
B. Devkota ◽  
T. Itagaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Group I ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Second Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
First Time

AbstractExplanatum explanatum flukes, liver amphistomes of ruminants, cause significant economic loss in the livestock industry by inducing severe liver damage. A total of 66 flukes from 26 buffaloes and 7 cattle in four different geographic areas of Bangladesh and 20 flukes from 10 buffaloes in the Chitwan district of Nepal were subjected for analysis. The sequences (442 bp) of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA and the variable fragments (657 bp) of mitochondrial nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) of E. explanatum flukes from Bangladesh and Nepal were analysed. The aim of this study was molecular characterization of the flukes and to elucidate their origin and biogeography. In the ITS2 region, two genotypes were detected among the flukes from Bangladesh, while flukes from Nepal were of only one genotype. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the nad1 gene revealed that at least four divergent populations (groups I–IV) are distributed in Bangladesh, whereas two divergent populations were found to be distributed in Nepal. Fst values (pairwise fixation index) suggest that Bangladeshi and Nepalese populations of group I to IV are significantly different from each other; but within groups III and IV, the populations from Bangladesh and Nepal were genetically close. This divergence in the nad1 gene indicates that each lineage of E. explanatum from diverse geography was co-adapted during the multiple domestication events of ruminants. This study, for the first time, provides molecular characterization of E. explanatum in Bangladesh and Nepal, and may provide useful information for elucidating its origin and dispersal route in Asia.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Paractinolaimus sahandi n. sp. (Nematoda: Actinolaimidae) from the Sahand Mountains in Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pedram ◽  
G. Niknam ◽  
M.T. Vinciguerra ◽  
W. Ye ◽  
R.T. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

AbstractParactinolaimus sahandi n. sp., found in wet soil samples collected from the rhizosphere of grasses of Sahand Mountains, Iran, is described. This new species is characterized by its long body (3.5–4.7 mm), high a value (74.5–88.5), anterior location of posterior subventral nuclei, occupying 62.5–68.0% of glandularium distance, the presence of 1–4 pre- and 1–3 post-vulval papillae and numerous tiny, not innervated papillae in front and behind the vulva in the outer layer of cuticle; common functional males in the population, with 62.5–81.3 μm long spicules and 15–17 ventromedian supplements. The new species, which is the only one in the genus showing the advulval cuticular tiny papillae and is unusually slender, is compared to four species of Paractinolaimus, namely P. macrolaimus, P. longidrilus, P. spanithelus and P. rafiqi. The ribosomal 18S rDNA (1246 bp sequenced) and 28S rDNA D2/D3 region (844 bp sequenced) of P. sahandi n. sp. were sequenced for molecular characterization. Sequences of the 18S and 28S D2/D3 of P. sahandi n. sp. have distinct differences from those of the only sequenced P. macrolaimus, with 6 bp differences in 18S and 38 bp differences and five gaps in 28S. This is the first report of the occurrence of members of Actinolaimidae in Iran.

scholarly journals The molecular characterization of 16 new sequence variants of Hop stunt viroid reveals the existence of invariable regions and a conserved hammerhead-like structure on the viroid molecule

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 953-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Amari ◽  
Gustavo Gomez ◽  
Arben Myrta ◽  
Biagio Di Terlizzi ◽  
Vicente Pallás
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Cruciform Structure ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Variable Domains

At present isolates of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) are divided into five groups: three major groups (plum-type, hop-type and citrus-type) each containing isolates from only a limited number of isolation hosts and two minor groups that were presumed to derive from recombination events between members of the main groups. In this work we present the characterization of 16 new sequence variants of HSVd obtained from four Mediterranean countries (Cyprus, Greece, Morocco and Turkey) where this viroid had not previously been described. Molecular variability comparisons considering the totality of the sequence variants characterized so far revealed that most of the variability is found in the pathogenic and variable domains of the viroid molecule whereas both the terminal right (TR) and left (TL) domains are regions of low or no variability, respectively, suggesting the existence of constraints limiting the heterogeneity of the sequence variants. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that sequence variants belonging to the two minor recombinant subgroups are more frequent than previously thought. When the cruciform structure alternative to the typical rod-like conformation was considered it was observed that the upper part of this structure (hairpin I) was strictly conserved whereas in the lower part a reduced variability was found. The existence of a covariation in this lower part was notable. Interestingly, a hammerhead-like sequence was found within the TR domain of HSVd and it was strictly conserved in all the sequence variants. The evolutionary implications of the presence of this motif on the HSVd are discussed.

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