Molecular and comparative morphological analysis of central European parasitic flatworms of the superfamily Brachylaimoidea Allison, 1943 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida)

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETR HENEBERG ◽  
JILJÍ SITKO ◽  
JIŘÍ BIZOS
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Species ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Rdna Its2 ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis

SUMMARYThe Brachylaimoidea are digenean parasites of vertebrates, including humans, domestic animals, poultry and wild game. Numerous Brachylaimoidea, particularly adults ofBrachylaimaandLeucochloridium, are difficult to identify to species. We provide and analyse sequences of two nuclear (18S rDNA, ITS2) and two mitochondrial (CO1, ND1) DNA loci of central European species of the Brachylaimoidea, namelyLeucochloridium holostomum, Leucochloridium paradoxum, Leucochloridium perturbatum, Leucochloridium subtilis, Leucochloridium vogtianum, Urotocus rossitensis, Urogonimus macrostomus, Michajlovia migrata, Leucochloridiomorpha lutea, Brachylaima arcuatus, Brachylaima fuscataandBrachylaima mesostoma. We identified three clades in the genusLeucochloridium, which do not correspond to the previously suggested subgeneraNeoleucochloridium, PapilloleucochloridiumandLeucochloridium. We reject classification ofUrotocusandUrogonimusin Leucochloridiinae, and, instead, re-establish the subfamilies Urotocinae and Urogoniminae. We synonymize the genusRenylaimawith the genusBrachylaima. We rejectM. migrataas a member of Leucochloridiinae sensu stricto or Brachylaimidae suggested by some previous authors. We found that the previously sequencedGlaphyrostomumsp. does not cluster with any hitherto sequenced Brachylaimidae. We also provide comparative measurements of the examined central European Brachylaimoidea, address the the specificity of their localization in the host and discuss their host-specific prevalence and intensity of infections based on the extensive dataset of birds examined in 1962–2015.

Central European parasitic flatworms of the family Renicolidae Dollfus, 1939 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida): molecular and comparative morphological analysis rejects the synonymization ofRenicola pinguiscomplex suggested by Odening

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 1592-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETR HENEBERG ◽  
JILJÍ SITKO ◽  
JIŘÍ BIZOS ◽  
ELIZABETH C. HORNE
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Central European ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
European Species ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
The Family

SUMMARYThe Renicolidae are digenean parasites of piscivorous and molluscivorous birds. Although they exhibit few morphological autapomorphies and are highly variable, the numerous suggested re-classifications within the family have never been supported by any molecular analyses. We address the possible synonymization of species within theRenicola pinguiscomplex suggested previously by Odening. We provide and analyse sequences of two nuclear (ITS2, 28S rDNA) and two mitochondrial (CO1, ND1) DNA loci of central European species of the Renicolidae, namelyRenicola lari, Renicola pinguisandRenicola sternaesp. n., and we also provide first sequences ofRenicola sloanei. The combined molecular and comparative morphological analysis confirms the previously questioned validity of the threeRenicolaspp. of highly similar morphology, which display strict niche separation in terms of host specificity and selectivity. We identify two previously unreported clades within the genusRenicola; however, only one of them is supported by the analysis of adult worms. We also provide comparative measurements of the three examined closely related central European renicolids, and describe the newly proposed tern-specialized speciesRenicola sternaesp. n., which was previously repeatedly misidentified asRenicola paraquinta. Based on the extensive dataset collected in 1962–2015, we update the host spectrum of Renicolidae parasitizing central European birds (Renicola bretensis, R. lari, Renicola mediovitellata, R. pinguis, Renicola secundaandR. sternaesp. n.) and discuss their host-specific prevalence and intensity of infections.

Central European parasitic flatworms of the Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida): molecular and comparative morphological analysis suggests the reclassification of Cyclocoelum obscurum (Leidy, 1887) into the Harrahium Witenberg, 1926

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
JILJÍ SITKO ◽  
JIŘÍ BIZOS ◽  
PETR HENEBERG
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Central European ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Clade

SUMMARYCyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902 are medium-sized to large digenean bird parasites. Although these parasites bear few visible autapomorphic signs, and their diagnostic characters are unstable in response to the pressure applied during preparation, the numerous hitherto suggested re-classifications within the family have not been supported by any molecular analysis. We analyse here cyclocoelids found during the extensive examination of central European birds performed from 1962 to 2016, provide comparative measurements, host spectra, prevalence and intensity, and provide and analyse sequences of four DNA loci of five of the cyclocoelid species. Cyclocoleum Brandes, 1892 appears paraphyletic; thus we suggest the re-classification of Cyclocoleum obscurum (Leidy, 1887) as Harrahium obscurum (Leidy, 1887) Sitko and Heneberg comb. n. Molecular phylogenetics questioned also the validity of Cyclocoelinae Stossich, 1902 and Hyptiasminae Dollfus, 1948, which formed a single clade, whereas Allopyge Johnston, 1913, Prohyptiasmus Witenberg, 1923 and Morishitium Witenberg, 1928 formed another clade. Haematotrephinae Dollfus, 1948 are newly characterized as having a pretesticular or intertesticular ovary that forms a triangle with the testes. Analyses of non-European genera of the Cyclocoelidae and an examination of the position of families within Echinostomata La Rue, 1926 are needed.

scholarly journals Morphology of various strains of the trypanosome causing disease in man in Nyasaland. I.–The human strain

1913 ◽  
Vol 86 (587) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
African Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Wild Game

In order to gain a general idea of this important species of trypanosome, it will be necessary to study as many individual strains as possible. It may be thought unnecessary to describe each strain so much in detail, but without this it will be impossible to get any order out of the chaos which rules at present in the classification of the African species of trypanosomes pathogenic to man and the domestic animals. Up to the present the Commission have only had an opportunity of working with five human strains. Four of these are from natives infected in the Sleeping-Sickness Area, Nyasaland, the fifth from an European who contracted the disease in Portuguese East Africa. It is intended, in later papers, to describe five strains from wild game and the same number from the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans .

scholarly journals The approach to the comparative morphological analysis of spores of the Pteridaceae E. D. M. Kirchn family representatives (Pteridophyta) based on phylogenetic relationship data

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 061-065
Author(s):  
A. V. Vaganov ◽  
M. V. Skaptsov ◽  
D. I. Kogtev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Relationship Of

The work presents the result of using comparative morphological analysis of spore of threesubfamilies from the family Pteridaceae E. D. M. Kirchn. (Cryptogrammoideae S. Linds., Pteridoideae C. Chr.ex Crabbe, Jermy a. Mickel, Ceratopteridoideae (J. Sm.) R. M. Tryon) by evolutionary biology method by Mesquitesoftware. This approach allows comparing in detail the standardized qualitative features of the morphology of sporeswith the data on phylogenetic relationship of representatives, which as a result helps to identify intra- and intertaxonomicgroups of relationship, to search for evolutionary connections, to obtain new knowledge for solving problems in ferntaxonomy. Obtained data allow supplement natural classification of the Pteridaceae family.

Taxonomy of the genus Schelodontes Koch, 1956 with a key to species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Platynotina)

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Iwan ◽  
Marcin Jan Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae ◽  
Taxonomic System

Based on the newly available material, the taxonomic concepts of the genera Lawrenceus Iwan, 1998, Platycharlesus Iwan, 1998, Schelodontes Koch, 1956 and Warchalowskiellus Iwan, 1998 are verified. The results of a comparative morphological analysis reveals continuities and several ambiguities between some of the diagnostic characters of these genera. To update the current classification of the subtribe Platynotina and to fulfil the usefulness of the taxonomic system, we propose to treat Lawrenceus, Platycharlesus and Warchalowskiellus as junior synonyms of Schelodontes. We also propose the following combinations: Schelodontes capensis (Iwan, 1998) comb.n., S. dentatus (Iwan, 1998) comb.n., S. invenustus (Iwan, 1998) comb.n., S. chevrolati (Mulsant & Rey, 1853) comb.restit., S. longulus (Mulsant & Rey, 1853) comb.restit., S. morosus (Mulsant & Rey, 1853) comb.restit., S. oblitus Koch, 1956 comb.restit., S. omeri Koch, 1956 comb.restit. Additionally, in the material from Ditsong National Museum of Natural History we found four new phenons which we described as new species: Schelodontes muellerae sp.n., S. nitidus sp.n., S. scarabaeoides sp.n. and S. spinosis sp.n. A checklist and key to all species of the genus Schelodontes is provided.

The use of egg characters for the classification of Notodontidae (Lepidoptera), with keys to the common Palaearctic genera and species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4604 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRINA V. DOLINSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Egg Colour ◽  
The Common ◽  
Scanning Electron

On the basis of comparative-morphological analysis of 43 genera and 92 species of Palaearctic Notodontidae, as well as the study of the eggs of outgroup species, complexes of characters that are diagnostic, taxonomic or phylogenetic are singled out. It is shown that the egg characteristics are of great taxonomic value at species and generic levels. Some characters are useful for grouping genera. In general, a complex of characters should be used, because different species or genera often share the same characters. Possible apomorphic and plesiomorphic states of the different characters are discussed in relation to the different taxa. The results of this study are discussed with reference to recently published classifications of Notodontidae. As a result of the studies, the keys for identification to the eggs of 43 genera and 92 species of notodontid moths from the Palaearctic region are presented. Reliable diagnostic characters that do not disappear with the injury of eggs or with eggs preserved in alcohol were used. Characters including egg shape, egg and chorion colour, the shape of gnawed holes in eggs when caterpillars hatched, chorionic sculpture, the type of oviposition, foodplants, and geographic distribution of the genera and species were applied. Occasionally, characters that are typical for live eggs, which vary during development, were used. These are characters of egg colour and pattern. The keys are illustrated with photographs made using a digital camera and a scanning electron microscope. 

scholarly journals Consequences of parallel miniaturisation in Microhylinae (Anura, Microhylidae), with the description of a new genus of diminutive South East Asian frogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav A. Gorin ◽  
Mark D. Scherz ◽  
Dmitriy V. Korost ◽  
Nikolay A. Poyarkov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages

The genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 includes 52 species and is one of the most diverse genera of the family Microhylidae, being the most species-rich taxon of the Asian subfamily Microhylinae. The recent, rapid description of numerous new species of Microhyla with complex phylogenetic relationships has made the taxonomy of the group especially challenging. Several recent phylogenetic studies suggested paraphyly of Microhyla with respect to Glyphoglossus Günther, 1869, and revealed three major phylogenetic lineages of mid-Eocene origin within this assemblage. However, comprehensive works assessing morphological variation among and within these lineages are absent. In the present study we investigate the generic taxonomy of Microhyla–Glyphoglossus assemblage based on a new phylogeny including 57 species, comparative morphological analysis of skeletons from cleared-and-stained specimens for 23 species, and detailed descriptions of generalized osteology based on volume-rendered micro-CT scans for five species–altogether representing all major lineages within the group. The results confirm three highly divergent and well-supported clades that correspond with external and osteological morphological characteristics, as well as respective geographic distribution. Accordingly, acknowledging ancient divergence between these lineages and their significant morphological differentiation, we propose to consider these three lineages as distinct genera: Microhylasensu stricto, Glyphoglossus, and a newly described genus, Nanohylagen. nov.

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