Stephanoprora amurensis sp. nov., Echinochasmus milvi Yamaguti, 1939 and E. suifunensis Besprozvannykh, 1991 from the Russian southern Far East and their phylogenetic relationships within the Echinochasmidae Odhner 1910

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (13) ◽  
pp. 1469-1479
Author(s):  
Y. V. Tatonova ◽  
A. V. Izrailskaia ◽  
V. V. Besprozvannykh
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Far East ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Southern Far East

AbstractMature worms of Stephanoprora amurensis sp. nov. were obtained in an experimental study of its life cycle. In the Russian southern Far East, this trematode circulates using freshwater snails Parajuga subtegulata, freshwater fish and birds as the first, second intermediate and final hosts, respectively. Stephanoprora amurensis sp. nov. differs from the well-known representatives of Stephanoprora in a number of morphometric indicators of the developmental stages. The validity of the species was also confirmed by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers. In addition, new genetic data were obtained for Echinochasmus suifunensis and Echinochasmus milvi. An analysis of phylogenetic relationships within Echinochasmidae based on the 28S rRNA gene and ITS2 region identified two clusters, one of which combines species of Echinochasmus with 20–22 collar spines and short-tailed cercariae, and the other which includes Stephanoprora spp. and a number of representatives of Echinochasmus with 24 collar spines and long-tailed cercariae. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on ITS2 data show interfamily level of differences between the two clusters and intergeneric differentiation between the three subclusters uniting the species of Stephanoprora and Echinochasmus.

Description of Metagonimus pusillus sp. nov. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae): phylogenetic relationships within the genus

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.V. Tatonova ◽  
P.G. Shumenko ◽  
V.V. Besprozvannykh
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Far East ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Southern Far East

AbstractAs a result of experimental studies conducted in the Russian southern Far East, adult worms from the genus Metagonimus were obtained. A comparative analysis of the morphometry of these worms with other Metagonimus representatives showed that they are most similar to M. katsuradai Izumi, 1935 and M. otsurui Shimazu & Urabe, 2002 found in Japan, due to the ratio of suckers and the positions of the testicle, uterus and vitellaria. However, Russian worms differ from species in Japan by other metric characters: they differ from M. otsurui by the maximum size of most organs and from M. katsuradai by body width, pharynx length, and maximum size of testes and ovary. At the same time, they are identical to a trematode from the Russian southern Far East, which was previously identified as M. katsuradai. The validity of this species was also confirmed by genetic data. According to the 28S gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of rDNA, as well as the cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene of mtDNA, the Metagonimus specimens found in Russia differ from published genetic data for other members of this genus. However, both morphological similarity and molecular data showed that M. pusillus sp. nov., M. katsuradai and M. otsurui are most likely cryptic species. Furthermore, additional data based on a mitochondrial marker were provided for M. suifunensis Shumenko, Tatonova & Besprozvannykh, 2017 from Russia.

Morphometric and molecular analyses of two digenean species from the mullet: Skrjabinolecithum spinosum n. sp. from the Russian southern Far East and Unisaccus tonkini n. sp. from Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Besprozvannykh ◽  
D.M. Atopkin ◽  
H.D. Ngo ◽  
N.V. Ha ◽  
N.V. Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Far East ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
East Russia ◽  
Southern Far East

AbstractAdults of Skrjabinolecithum spinosum n. sp. were discovered in Mugil cephalus from the Gulf of Peter the Great in southern Far-East Russia. Additionally, adults of Unisaccus tonkini n. sp. were found in the intestine of Moolgarda cunnesius and Moolgarda seheli from the coastal waters of Cat Ba Island, Tonkin Bay, northern Vietnam. Skrjabinolecithum spinosum n. sp. possesses a larger body, and ventral and oral sucker size in comparison with Skrjabinolecithum vitellosum, a smaller pharynx size and body length/width rate ratio in comparison to Skrjabinolecithum pyriforme, a smaller body length and prepharynx size in comparison to Skrjabinolecithum lobolecitum and a smaller pharynx length and egg size in comparison to Skrjabinolecithum indicum and S. lobolecitum. The new species also differs from S. indicum, S. lobolecitum and S. vitellosum by the form of the testis, and from the last two species by the presence of a two-branched intestine. The morphometric parameters of S. spinosum n. sp. are similar to those of Skrjabinolecithum spasskii. However, S. spinosum n. sp., unlike S. spasskii, has an armed hermaphroditic duct. Unisaccus tonkini n. sp. is similar to Unisaccus spinosus (Martin, 1973), Unisaccus brisbanensis (Martin, 1973) and Unisaccus overstreeti (Ahmad, 1987) in body size but differs in oral sucker, pharynx and hermaphroditic sac size from U. spinosus, and in ventral sucker and ovary size from U. brisbanensis and U. overstreeti. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, based on combined data of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and partial 28S rRNA gene sequences, confirmed the validity of S. spinosum n. sp. and U. tonkini n. sp. Analysis of interrelationships of the family Haploporidae, including molecular data on new species, showed that the Waretrematinae subfamily is more heterogeneous in comparison with Haploporinae and Forticulcitinae, and includes U. tonkini n. sp.

Description of a New Species ofSternomoera(Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pontogeneiidae) from Japan, with an Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Japanese Species Based on the 28S rRNA Gene

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 475-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Tomikawa ◽  
Norio Kobayashi ◽  
Masaki Kyono ◽  
Shin-ichi Ishimaru ◽  
Mark J. Grygier
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
A New Species

Redescription of Cerebratulus marginatus auct. (Nemertea: Pilidiophora) from Hokkaido, Japan, as a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4819 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-315
Author(s):  
HIROSHI KAJIHARA
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Far East ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer

The heteronemertean Cerebratulus orochi sp. nov. is described based on material collected intertidally at a muddy beach in Akkeshi, northern Japan. For the last 80 years, the species has been confused with Cerebratulus marginatus Renier, 1804; the latter was originally described from the Adriatic and once believed to occur in many places in the northern hemisphere including Japan. Cerebratulus orochi sp. nov. is morphologically different from all the congeners including C. marginatus by the following combination of characters: several layers of diagonal-muscle meshwork coated with connective tissue, proximo-distally distributed in cross section from the distal portion of the body-wall outer longitudinal muscle layer to the cutis-gland zone throughout the anterior portion of the body from the precerebral to the foregut regions; the cephalic vascular system consisting of lateral and mid-dorsal vessels; and the sub-rhynchocoelic vessel possessing a pair of antero-lateral diverticula before the former forks posteriorly into a pair of lower lateral vessels in the post-cerebral, pre-oral region. Previous records of C. marginatus from Japanese waters are no longer considered to be substantiated. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), as well as the nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and histone H3 genes among heteronemerteans comprising the “Cerebratulus clade” indicated that C. orochi sp. nov. was closely related to C. cf. marginatus from the US Pacific coast. A MegaBLAST search at the NCBI website with the 16S rRNA gene sequence from C. orochi sp. nov. followed by a couple of species delimitation analyses suggests that larvae of the species are also distributed in Vostok Bay, Far East Russia.

Placement of Cacoceria and phylogenetic relationships of the xylotine genera of the tribe Milesiini (Diptera, Syrphidae: Eristalinae) based on molecular characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1171 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUNILLA STÅHLS
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Large Fragment ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Characters

The phylogenetic relationships of traditional xylotine genera of tribe Milesiini (Diptera, Syrphidae: Eristalinae) were explored using molecular character of a large fragment of the mitochondrial COI and the D2-3 region of the nuclear ribosomal 28S rRNA gene. Of particular interest was the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic Neotropical genus Cacoceria. The ingroup included 48 taxa, and Cheilosia illustrata (Rhingiini, Eristalinae) was used as outgroup. Multiple specimens of more common taxa were sequenced for surveying levels of intraspecific variation. The combined dataset was analysed using parsimony and optimisation alignment, using the program POY. Cacoceria was resolved within the Chalcosyrphus clade. Earlier hypotheses placed the taxon in the tribe Myoleptini or Chrysogasterini, or in Xylotini without stating a closer relationship to any particular xylotine taxon. The representatives of traditional xylotine taxa were resolved as ((Hadromyia + (Brachypalpoides + Blera + Lejota) + (Xylota sg. Hovaxylota + Xylota sg. Sterphoides) + (Xylota (including Sterphus)) while Neplas and Brachypalpus were resolved in the Myoleptini albeit with very low support.

scholarly journals Testing the higher-level phylogenetic classification of Digenea (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda) based on nuclear rDNA sequences before entering the age of the ‘next-generation’ Tree of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pérez-Ponce de León ◽  
D.I. Hernández-Mena
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Rdna Sequences

AbstractDigenea Carus, 1863 represent a highly diverse group of parasitic platyhelminths that infect all major vertebrate groups as definitive hosts. Morphology is the cornerstone of digenean systematics, but molecular markers have been instrumental in searching for a stable classification system of the subclass and in establishing more accurate species limits. The first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic tree of Digenea published in 2003 used two nuclear rRNA genes (ssrDNA = 18S rDNA and lsrDNA = 28S rDNA) and was based on 163 taxa representing 77 nominal families, resulting in a widely accepted phylogenetic classification. The genetic library for the 28S rRNA gene has increased steadily over the last 15 years because this marker possesses a strong phylogenetic signal to resolve sister-group relationships among species and to infer phylogenetic relationships at higher levels of the taxonomic hierarchy. Here, we have updated the database of 18S and 28S rRNA genes until December 2017, we have added newly generated 28S rDNA sequences and we have reassessed phylogenetic relationships to test the current higher-level classification of digeneans (at the subordinal and subfamilial levels). The new dataset consisted of 1077 digenean taxa allocated to 106 nominal families for 28S and 419 taxa in 98 families for 18S. Overall, the results were consistent with previous higher-level classification schemes, and most superfamilies and suborders were recovered as monophyletic assemblages. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, new phylogenetic hypotheses from complete mitochondrial genomes have been proposed, although their power to resolve deep levels of trees remains controversial. Since data from NGS methods are replacing other widely used markers for phylogenetic analyses, it is timely to reassess the phylogenetic relationships of digeneans with conventional nuclear rRNA genes, and to use the new analysis to test the performance of genomic information gathered from NGS, e.g. mitogenomes, to infer higher-level relationships of this group of parasitic platyhelminths.

Diversity and phylogenetic relationships within the spiral nematodes of Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) as inferred from analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene sequences

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Baldwin ◽  
Renato Inserra ◽  
Gregor Yeates ◽  
Thomas Powers ◽  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
28S Rrna Gene

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Hemicycliophora lutosa Loof & Heyns, 1969 and H. typica de Man, 1921 from South Africa (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
De Man ◽  
First Time

AbstractTwo Hemicycliophora species, H. lutosa and H. typica, found in samples from fallow soil and sugarcane soil in South Africa, were studied morphologically and, for the first time, molecularly. Diagnostic PCR-IT-rRNA-RFLP profiles generated by five restriction enzymes are provided. Study of phylogenetic relationships using D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA gene sequences revealed that H. lutosa was related to H. poranga. Hemicycliophora lutosa and H. poranga are compared morphologically. SEM photographs are given for H. typica and for H. lutosa for the first time. The male of H. typica represents a first report for South Africa.

scholarly journals Assessing the Pathogenicity of Two Bacteria Isolated from the Entomopathogenic Nematode Heterorhabditis indica against Galleria mellonella and Some Pest Insects

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Rosalba Salgado-Morales ◽  
Fernando Martínez-Ocampo ◽  
Verónica Obregón-Barboza ◽  
Kathia Vilchis-Martínez ◽  
Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Heterorhabditis Indica ◽  
Insecticide Activity

The entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis are parasites of insects and are associated with mutualist symbiosis enterobacteria of the genus Photorhabdus; these bacteria are lethal to their host insects. Heterorhabditis indica MOR03 was isolated from sugarcane soil in Morelos state, Mexico. The molecular identification of the nematode was confirmed using sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and the D2/D3 expansion segment of the 28S rRNA gene. In addition, two bacteria HIM3 and NA04 strains were isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode. The genomes of both bacteria were sequenced and assembled de novo. Phylogenetic analysis was confirmed by concatenated gene sequence datasets as Photorhabdus luminescens HIM3 (16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, dnaN, gyrA, and gyrB genes) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NA04 (16S rRNA, 23S rRNA and gyrB genes). H. indica MOR03 infects Galleria mellonella, Tenebrio molitor, Heliothis subflexa, and Diatraea magnifactella larvae with LC50 values of 1.4, 23.5, 13.7, and 21.7 IJs/cm2, respectively, at 48 h. These bacteria are pathogenic to various insects and have high injectable insecticide activity at 24 h.

Phylogenetic relationships of Telotylenchidae Siddiqi, 1960 and Merliniidae Siddiqi, 1971 (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Iran, as inferred from the analysis of the D2D3 expansion fragments of 28S rRNA gene sequences

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ghaderi ◽  
Akbar Karegar ◽  
Gholamreza Niknam ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
28S Rrna Gene ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Large Genus

Sixteen species,Amplimerlinius globigerus,A. macrurus,Bitylenchus parvus,Merlinius brevidens,M. nanus,Neodolichorhynchus phaseoli,Paramerlinius neohexagrammus,Pratylenchoides alkani,P. ritteri,P. utahensis,Scutylenchus paniculoides,S. rugosus,S. tartuensis,Scutylenchussp. A,Trophurus imparandTylenchorhynchus brassicae, from the families Telotylenchidae and Merliniidae were collected from different locations in Iran and molecularly characterised using sequencing of the D2D3 expansion fragments of the 28S rRNA gene. Morphometrics and light micrography for studied species are also provided as vouchers. The phylogenetic relationships of Telotylenchidae and Merliniidae with other representatives of the order Tylenchida, as obtained from Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood analysis of partial 28S rRNA gene sequences, are presented and discussed. The results of phylogenetic analysis were in accordance with classifications in whichBitylenchusandScutylenchusare considered as separate genera, butTessellusandTelotylenchuswere synonyms ofTylenchorhynchus. The Shimodaira-Hasegawa test of the 28S rRNA gene sequence alignment and trees rejected a large genus concept ofTylenchorhynchusand the constrained monophyly for Belonolaimidae revealed within this family two genera groups:i) BelonolaimusandIbipora; andii) CarphodorusandMorulaimus. The present results also support the combination ofPratylenchoidesand Merliniinae into a single family, the Merliniidae.

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