Antibody response of carp, Cyprinus carpio to the cestode, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NIE ◽  
D. HOOLE
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Bothriocephalus Acheilognathi ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

The humoral antibody response and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were examined in naturally Bothriocephalus acheilognathi-infected carp. Cyprinus carpio, and in those injected intraperitoneally with an extract of the cestode. In the extract-injected fish, specific antibody was detected 3 weeks after a second injection given 2 weeks after the primary injection, and antibody levels persisted for more than 200 days. A third injection also enhanced the antibody level in the extract-injected carp. The numbers of antibody-secreting cells were significantly higher in carp injected 3 times with the extract than in the control. In naturally-infected fish, the serum antibody levels and the number of pronephric antibody-secreting cells were higher in infected fish than in uninfected individuals although this difference was not statistically significant. The relevance of these results to immune protection against infection is discussed.

Effects of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi on the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes of carp, Cyprinus carpio

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nie ◽  
D. Hoole
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Polarization Response ◽  
Leucocyte Migration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Bothriocephalus Acheilognathi ◽  
Carp Serum

AbstractAn in vitro assay was used to examine the effect of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes of carp, Cyprinus carpio. Leucocytes, isolated from naive, naturally-infected fish and carp injected intraperitoneally with cestode extracts, were exposed to parasite extracts (protein concentrations 0–10.0 μg ml-1), for up to 24 h in the presence or absence of carp serum. In general, polarization responses of the pronephric leucocytes, primarily neutrophils and eosinophils, increased with incubation time although there was no significant difference in the response induced by the different protein concentrations. Differences in the polarization response were, however, observed in naive, naturally infected and injected fish and the cells responded differently in the presence and absence of carp serum. In the absence of carp serum the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes in vitro was significantly reduced with cells obtained from injected and naturally infected fish compared with those obtained from naive carp. This suppression of leucocyte migration was however reduced by the addition of carp serum to the in vitro system. The role of this interaction between the possible suppression of polarization induced by the parasite and stimulation by serum is discussed.

scholarly journals Correlation of vaccine-elicited antibody levels and neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbiao Liu ◽  
Brittany H Bodnar ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Fengzhen Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Effective Immune Response ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
High Level ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Serum Igg Levels ◽  
Igg Level

Both Pfizer-BNT162b2 and Moderna-mRNA-1273 vaccines can elicit an effective immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the elicited serum antibody levels vary substantially and longitudinally decrease after vaccination. We examined the correlation of vaccination-induced IgG levels and neutralization titers against newly emerged variants remains and demonstrate a significant reduction of neutralization activities against the variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.525, and B.1.351) in Pfizer or Moderna vaccined sera. There was a significant and positive correlation between serum IgG levels and ID50 titers for not only SARS-CoV-2 WT but also the variants. These findings indicate that a high level of anti-spike IgG may offer better protection against infection from SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Therefore, it is necessary to longitudinally monitor specific serum IgG level for evaluating the protective efficacy of the vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants.

Genetic differences in natural antibody levels in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neli M. Kachamakova ◽  
Ilgiz Irnazarow ◽  
Henk K. Parmentier ◽  
Huub F.J. Savelkoul ◽  
Andrzej Pilarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Natural Antibody ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Antibody Levels

Temporal changes in growth, condition and trophic niche in juvenile Cyprinus carpio infected with a non-native parasite

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (13) ◽  
pp. 1579-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PEGG ◽  
D. ANDREOU ◽  
C. F. WILLIAMS ◽  
J. R. BRITTON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Condition ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Bothriocephalus Acheilognathi ◽  
Native Parasite ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYIn host–parasite relationships, parasite prevalence and abundance can vary over time, potentially impacting how hosts are affected by infection. Here, the pathology, growth, condition and diet of a juvenile Cyprinus carpio cohort infected with the non-native cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi was measured in October 2012 (end of their first summer of life), April 2013 (end of first winter) and October 2013 (end of second summer). Pathology revealed consistent impacts, including severe compression and architectural modification of the intestine. At the end of the first summer, there was no difference in lengths and condition of the infected and uninfected fish. However, at the end of the winter period, the condition of infected fish was significantly reduced and by the end of their second summer, the infected fish were significantly smaller and remained in significantly reduced condition. Their diets were significantly different over time; infected fish consumed significantly higher proportions of food items <53 µm than uninfected individuals, a likely consequence of impaired functional traits due to infection. Thus, the sub-lethal impacts of this parasite, namely changes in histopathology, growth and trophic niche were dependent on time and/or age of the fish.

scholarly journals Isolation and pathological study of Branchiomycosis from the commercial pond of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish, in Governorate of Duhok / Iraq

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Khalid Subhi Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Carp Fish ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio Fish

Branchiomycosis is a fungal disease that infects fish gills. It wasidentified by isolation and histopathological changes of examined gills incommon carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) which, were obtained from fish farm inDuhok Governorate, Iraq. The infected fish were suffering from respiratorydisorders; gulping air at the water surface, rapid movement of operculum andmassive mortality, which resulted in the loss of 95% of fish pond. The gillsappear marbled appearance with necrotic areas on the localized damage gills.The causal pathogen was identified as Branchiomyces sanguinis, in which thediameter of spores and non-septated hyphae are 5-7 μm and 12 – 20 μm,respectively. In histopathological preparation, the spores and the non-septatedhyphae have been shown to be embedded in the gill tissues contained undividedand sporulating stages.

scholarly journals Antibody response induced by the boost overdose during COVID-19 heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy: A four-case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Raposo ◽  
Giuseppe Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Boost Vaccination ◽  
Boost Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Ig G

Abstract Objectives The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD Ig G antibody response in BNT162b2 vaccine recipients who erroneously received vaccine overdose. Methods Measurement of antibody levels at different time-points was performed to define the dynamics of immunization after a wrongly vaccination schedule. Three recipients had no previous evidence of infection and received the first shot of Oxford/AstraZeneca before the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. Another patient, formerly infected by SARS-CoV-2, received one shot of BNT162b2 vaccine. Results At day 6 after the second vaccine dose the serum increase of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD Ig G antibodies was analogous for the three SARS-CoV-2 naïve recipients. At 14 days the antibody level increased and reached a peak, though displaying a different pattern among the three recipients. At 21 days the serum antibody level started to decrease from its maximum value. The data for the previously infected recipient were in agreement with values found in COVID-19 positive receivers. Thus, after the single prime-dose of vaccine, the elicited antibody response was similar to prime-boost vaccination in naïve recipients. Conclusions This study confirms the efficiency of the BNT162b vaccine in eliciting a sustained antibody response as heterologous boost-vaccine in previously Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccinated recipients, as well as, prime-vaccine in COVID-19 infected receivers. Importantly, the humoral immunity response of recipients was not proportional to the vaccine overdose. Nonetheless, we cannot portray a univocal effect of vaccine overdose concerning anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response because the values found especially in the three SARS-CoV-2 naïve subjects were highly heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Machine Learning-Based Single Cell and Integrative Analysis Reveals That Baseline mDC Predisposition Correlates With Hepatitis B Vaccine Antibody Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Aevermann ◽  
Casey P. Shannon ◽  
Mark Novotny ◽  
Rym Ben-Othman ◽  
Bing Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibody Levels

Vaccination to prevent infectious disease is one of the most successful public health interventions ever developed. And yet, variability in individual vaccine effectiveness suggests that a better mechanistic understanding of vaccine-induced immune responses could improve vaccine design and efficacy. We have previously shown that protective antibody levels could be elicited in a subset of recipients with only a single dose of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and that a wide range of antibody levels were elicited after three doses. The immune mechanisms responsible for this vaccine response variability is unclear. Using single cell RNA sequencing of sorted innate immune cell subsets, we identified two distinct myeloid dendritic cell subsets (NDRG1-expressing mDC2 and CDKN1C-expressing mDC4), the ratio of which at baseline (pre-vaccination) correlated with the immune response to a single dose of HBV vaccine. Our results suggest that the participants in our vaccine study were in one of two different dendritic cell dispositional states at baseline – an NDRG2-mDC2 state in which the vaccine elicited an antibody response after a single immunization or a CDKN1C-mDC4 state in which the vaccine required two or three doses for induction of antibody responses. To explore this correlation further, genes expressed in these mDC subsets were used for feature selection prior to the construction of predictive models using supervised canonical correlation machine learning. The resulting models showed an improved correlation with serum antibody titers in response to full vaccination. Taken together, these results suggest that the propensity of circulating dendritic cells toward either activation or suppression, their “dispositional endotype” at pre-vaccination baseline, could dictate response to vaccination.

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