Pisciculture, biological and physiological indicators of age–1+ carp while adding naked oats into main feeding

The influence of naked oats on pisciculture, biological, hematological and biochemical parameters of commercial carp groups, as one of the components of the feed mixture in different ratios has been studied in the article. The aim of the experiment was to increase the fish productivity of ponds and to reduce feed costs for cultivation by meeting the physiological needs of commercial carp groups when using naked oats in carp feeding. The object of the study was age–1+ carps of Lubin scaly and framed intra-breed type of Ukrainian carp breed. For this purpose, three experimental groups of fish were formed by the method of analogues. Fish of the first experimental group (from July 1) were additionally introduced 30% of naked oats into the main diet, the fish of the second experimental group - 50% of naked oats, the third group was fed a feed mixture without added oats. As a result of the research done, it is proved that the addition of a mixture of naked oats has a positive effect on fish biological and physiological parameters of commercial carp. It was found out that the most effective is the additional feeding of naked oats in the amount of 30%. In particular, when the very amount of naked oats is added to the basic diet, the total fish productivity indicator increases by 7.7% relative to the control pond indicators, and feed costs are lower by 16.7%. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood of the first experimental group was higher relative to the control group, and the number of erythrocytes was significantly higher (P> 0.01). However, in the carp serum of the first experimental group the level of superoxide dismutase (P> 0.02) significantly increased while the level of catalase decreased.

Показники неспецифічної резистентності однорічок коропа за інвазії ектопаразитами

Наведено дані щодо лізоцимної і бактерицидноїактивності сироватки крові та фагоцитарноїактивності нейтрофілів за різної інтенсивностіінвазії ектопаразитами. Встановлено зниженнялізоцимної, бактерицидної та фагоцитарної ак-тивності сироватки крові коропів за ураженняектопаразитами Lernaea cyprinacea та Dactylogyrusvastator, порівняно з клінічно здоровимирибами. За високої інвазії ектопаразитами (>0,26лерней/г м.т. та >0,53 дактилогірусів /г м.т.)спостерігали вірогідне зниження показників неспе-цифічної резистентності однорічок коропа. The data on lyzocymic and bactericidal activity of serum and blood phagocytic activity ofneutrophils by different intensity of infestation by ectoparasites. The decrease lyzocymic, bactericidal andphagocytic activity of carp serum by lesions ectoparasites Lernaea cyprinacea and Dactylogyrus vastatorcompared with clinically healthy fish.

Interaction between the blood fluke,Sanguinicola inermisand humoral components of the immune response of carp,Cyprinus carpio

The effect ofSanguinicola inermison serum antibody and complement activity inCyprinus carpiowas assessed using an ELISA and haemolytic assays. Possible immune evasion strategies were assessed using immunodetection of host proteins on the surface of the parasite. Carp acclimatized to 20 or 25 °C were infected by exposure to 500 cercariae or injected intraperitoneally with 150 cercariae, and serum monitored over a 63-day period. In cercariae-injected carp, irrespective of time and temperature, a significant increase occurred in complement activity being greatest at 25 °C. In addition, fish exposed to the cercariae ofS. inermisand maintained at 20 °C the level of complement activity was significantly higher after 5 weeks compared to controls. At 20 °C intraperitoneal injections of parasites increased serum antibody levels which peaked after 7 days. In contrast, at 25 °C, antibody levels were maintained over 63 days. Exposure of fish to infection did not appear to stimulate antibody production. Immunofluorescence studies revealed ‘host-like’ molecules on the surface of the cercarial body exposed to carp serum and adult flukes obtained directly from the fish or cultured for 24 h in L15 medium. The possible role of ‘host-like’ molecules in immune evasion is discussed and the response at different temperatures is related to infection dynamics.

Effects of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi on the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes of carp, Cyprinus carpio

An in vitro assay was used to examine the effect of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes of carp, Cyprinus carpio. Leucocytes, isolated from naive, naturally-infected fish and carp injected intraperitoneally with cestode extracts, were exposed to parasite extracts (protein concentrations 0–10.0 μg ml-1), for up to 24 h in the presence or absence of carp serum. In general, polarization responses of the pronephric leucocytes, primarily neutrophils and eosinophils, increased with incubation time although there was no significant difference in the response induced by the different protein concentrations. Differences in the polarization response were, however, observed in naive, naturally infected and injected fish and the cells responded differently in the presence and absence of carp serum. In the absence of carp serum the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes in vitro was significantly reduced with cells obtained from injected and naturally infected fish compared with those obtained from naive carp. This suppression of leucocyte migration was however reduced by the addition of carp serum to the in vitro system. The role of this interaction between the possible suppression of polarization induced by the parasite and stimulation by serum is discussed.