Phytotoxicity of fungicide coated sugar beet seed depends on growth condition.

Fungicide-coated seed protects sugar beet plants from soilborne diseases, but seedlings coming from coated seeds often encounter phytotoxicity under field conditions. To understand the phytotoxic impact, fungicide-coated seed and the uncoated seed of two cultivars were sown with holes or no holes in plastic trays in greenhouse conditions. Our study demonstrated without fungicide coat on sugar beet seed and holes in plastic trays resulted in just above 90% germination. While fungicide-coated seed and no hole's underneath trays- showed the lowest germination (>20%). Fungicide-coated seed, having holes in plastic trays showed 90% germination. No fungicide coat on seed, having no hole's underneath trays showed 70% germination. We further estimated the percentage of stunted seedlings in both cultivars. Fungicide-coated seed with holes underneath plastic trays showed above 5% stunted seedlings while fungicide-coated seed, having no hole's underneath trays- showed the highest percentage of stunted seedlings (>10%) in both cultivars. In summary, our data demonstrated that the phytotoxicity of fungicide-coated sugar beet seed depends on growth conditions.

Partial regularity for minimizers of discontinuous quasiconvex integrals with general growth

We prove the partial Hölder continuity for minimizers of quasiconvex functionals \begin{equation*} \mathcal{F}({\bf u}) \colon =\int_{\Omega} f(x,{\bf u},D{\bf u})\,\textrm{d} x, \end{equation*} where $f$ satisfies a uniform VMO condition with respect to the $x$ -variable and is continuous with respect to ${\bf u}$ . The growth condition with respect to the gradient variable is assumed a general one.

Scale invariance of cell size fluctuations in starving bacteria

In stable environments, cell size fluctuations are thought to be governed by simple physical principles, as suggested by recent findings of scaling properties. Here, by developing a microfluidic device and using E. coli, we investigate the response of cell size fluctuations against starvation. By abruptly switching to non-nutritious medium, we find that the cell size distribution changes but satisfies scale invariance: the rescaled distribution is kept unchanged and determined by the growth condition before starvation. These findings are underpinned by a model based on cell growth and cell cycle. Further, we numerically determine the range of validity of the scale invariance over various characteristic times of the starvation process, and find the violation of the scale invariance for slow starvation. Our results, combined with theoretical arguments, suggest the relevance of the multifork replication, which helps retaining information of cell cycle states and may thus result in the scale invariance.

Design of Constructive Controller of Nonlinear System Based on Polynomial Function Growth Condition and Its Application in Deep Subsea Energy Mining and Production Control System

This paper mainly studies the output feedback control problem of the stochastic nonlinear system based on loose growth conditions and applies the research results to the valve control system of underwater oil and gas pipelines, which can improve the speed and stability of the equipment system. First, the concept of randomness is introduced to study the actual tracking control problem of output feedback of stochastic nonlinear systems, remove the original harsher growth conditions, make it meet the more general polynomial function growth conditions, and propose a combination of static and dynamic output feedback practices. The design of the tracking controller makes all the states of the system meet boundedness and ensures that the tracking error of the system converges to a small neighborhood of zero. Second, the system is extended to the parameter-uncertain system, and the output feedback tracking controller with complete dynamic gain is constructed by proving the boundedness of the system state and gain. Further, the time-delay factor is introduced, and the nonlinear term of the system satisfies the more relaxed power growth condition, combined with the inverse method to cleverly construct a set of Lyapunov functions and obtain the output controller to ensure that the system is asymptotically probabilistic in the global scope. Stability. Finally, through the ocean library in the Simulation X simulation software, the controller design results are imported into the underwater electro-hydraulic actuator model to verify the effectiveness of the controller design.

Effect of Different Feed Restrictions on Growth, Biometric, and Hematological Response of Juvenile Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp)

Highlight ResearchThere has been a significant decrease in growth, condition factors, hepatosomatic index along viscerosomatic index with the length of time for feed restriction, although fasting for up to 28 days did not cause fish mortalityHematological parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased significantly, but after re-feeding increased significantly in consecutive timesThe blood glucose levels decreased during feed restriction and gradually increased after re-feedingFeed restriction fish gained weight continuously during re-feeding, but no displaying compensatory growthThe decrease in hematological parameters did not indicate stress levels in fish, but reflected a lack of nutrition condition AbstractThe management of red tilapia culture can be improved through restriction of feed. This study aimed to determine the impact of feed restriction time and re-feeding on the growth and hematological performance of juvenile red tilapia. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with four replications, namely the fish were given food for 28 days (A), 7 days of feed restriction followed by 21 days of refeeding (B), 14 days of feed restriction followed by 14 days of refeeding (C), 21 days of feed restriction followed by 7 days of refeeding (D) and 28 days of feed restriction (E). The parameters observed were growth, biometry, and hematological values. The results showed that during the feed restriction period there was a significant decrease in growth, condition factors, hepatosomatic index along with viscerosomatic index with the length of time for feed restriction, although fasting for up to 28 days did not cause fish mortality. Hematological parameters such as RBCs, WBCs, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased significantly, but after re-feeding, they increased significantly in consecutive times. As for the blood glucose levels decreased during feed restriction and gradually increased after re-feeding. This study stated that feed restriction fish gained weight continuously during re-feeding, but no displaying compensatory growth. The results suggested that the decrease in hematological parameters did not indicate stress levels in fish, but reflected a lack of nutrition condition.

Periodic Third-Order Problems with a Parameter

This work concerns with the solvability of third-order periodic fully problems with a weighted parameter, where the nonlinearity must verify only a local monotone condition and no periodic, coercivity or super or sublinearity restrictions are assumed, as usual in the literature. The arguments are based on a new type of lower and upper solutions method, not necessarily well ordered. A Nagumo growth condition and Leray–Schauder’s topological degree theory are the existence tools. Only the existence of solution is studied here and it will remain open the discussion on the non-existence and the multiplicity of solutions. Last section contains a nonlinear third-order differential model for periodic catatonic phenomena, depending on biological and/or chemical parameters.

The Spectrum of Spontaneous Rifampicin-Resistance Mutations in the Bacillus subtilis rpoB Gene Depends on the Growth Environment

Results from previous investigations into spontaneous rifampicin-resistance (Rif R ) mutations in the Bacillus subtilis rpoB gene suggested that the spectrum of mutations may depend on the growth environment. However, these studies were limited by low sample numbers, allowing for the potential distortion of the data by the presence of ‘jackpot’ mutations which may have arisen early in the growth of a population. Here we addressed this issue by performing fluctuation analyses to assess both the rate and spectrum of Rif R mutations in two distinct media: LB, a complete laboratory medium and SMM Asn , a minimal medium utilizing L-asparagine as the sole carbon source. We cultivated 60 separate populations under each growth condition and determined that the mutation rate to Rif R to be slightly but significantly higher in LB cultures. We then sequenced the relevant regions of rpoB to map the spectrum of Rif R mutations under each growth condition. We found a distinct spectrum of mutations in each medium; LB cultures were dominated by the H482Y mutation (27/53 or 51%) whereas SMM Asn cultures were dominated by the S487L mutation (24/51 or 47%). Furthermore, we found through competition experiments that the relative fitness of the S487L mutant was significantly higher in SMM Asn than in LB medium. We therefore conclude that both the spectrum of Rif R mutations in the B. subtilis rpoB gene and the fitness of resulting mutants to be influenced by the growth environment. Importance The rpoB gene encodes the beta subunit of RNA polymerase, and mutations in rpoB are key determinants of resistance to the clinically important antibiotic rifampicin. We show here that the spectrum of mutations in Bacillus subtilis rpoB depends on the medium in which the cells are cultivated. The results show that not only does the growth environment play a role in natural selection and fitness, but it also influences the probability of mutation at particular bases within the target gene.