scholarly journals The Good and the True (or the Bad and the False)

Philosophy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Whiting
Keyword(s):  

AbstractIt is commonplace to claim that it is good to believe the truth. In this paper, I reject that claim and argue that the considerations which might seem to support it in fact support a quite distinct though superficially similar claim, namely, that it is bad to believe the false. This claim is typically either ignored completely or lumped together with the previous claim, perhaps on the assumption that the two are equivalent, or at least that they stand or fall together. Such assumptions, I argue, are mistaken. While it is not always good to be right, it is always bad to be wrong. This is an interesting and overlooked asymmetry, which calls for further investigation.

Linguistica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Stepanov ◽  
Manca Mušič ◽  
Penka Stateva

In this work, we aim to clarify the empirical paradigm that bears on two aspects of syntactic locality in Slovenian. First, building on previous work, we investigate how robustly Slovenian observes the syntactic locality constraint precluding constituent sub-extraction out of subject noun phrases. Second, we ask whether Slovenian allows Left Branch Extraction in interrogative and non-interrogative sentences. To elucidate both issues, we conducted a magnitude estimation study, the results of which support our previous claim that there is a subject island effect in Slovenian. Furthermore, our results suggest that Slovenian disallows Left Branch Extraction, in contrast with some other Slavic languages. We also discuss theoretical consequences of our empirical findings.


Author(s):  
Eva Van den Bussche ◽  
Karolien Notebaert ◽  
Bert Reynvoet

Van den Bussche and Reynvoet (2007) argued that since significant priming was observed for novel primes from a large category, subliminal primes can be processed semantically. However, a possible confound in this study was the presence of nonsemantic effects such as orthographic overlap between primes and targets. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to validate our previous claim when nonsemantic influences are avoided. The second aim was to investigate the impact of nonsemantic stimulus processing on priming effects by manipulating target set size. The results showed that when nonsemantic effects are eliminated by presenting primes as pictures and targets as words, significant priming emerged for large stimulus categories and a large target set. This cannot be explained by nonsemantic accounts of subliminal processing and shows that subliminal primes can be truly semantically processed. However, when using a limited amount of targets, stimulating nonsemantic processing, priming disappeared. This indicates that the task context will determine whether stimuli will be processed semantically or nonsemantically, which in turn can influence priming effects.


Philosophy ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (202) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Shorter

John Locke claimed that: ‘We never finding, nor conceiving it possible, that two things of the same kind should exist in the same place at the same time, we rightly conclude that, whatever exists anywhere at any time excludes all of the same kind, and is there itself alone’. He argued that, otherwise, ‘The notions and names of identity and diversity would be in vain, and there could be no such distinctions of substances or anything else one from another’. More recently Professor D. Wiggins has made a similar claim for similar reasons. I shall maintain that, even if we accept the general outline of the essentialist account of identity given by Wiggins in his book, the claim that two things of the same kind cannot be in the same place at the same time should be rejected, until better reasons are forthcoming.


Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Laura S. Meitzner Yoder ◽  
Sandra F. Joireman

Land restitution carries implicit recognition of some previous claim to ownership, but when are first claims recognized? The concepts of first possession and original acquisition have long been used as entry points to Western concepts of property. For Austronesia, the concept of precedence is used in customary systems to justify and describe land claims and Indigenous authority. Conflict and political change in Timor-Leste have highlighted the co-existence of multiple understandings of land claims and their legitimacy. Considering customary principles of precedence brings into relief important elements of first possession important in land restitution processes. This paper juxtaposes the concept of original acquisition in property theory to two different examples of original claims from Timor-Leste: a two-part customary origin narrative from Oecusse and the development of a national land law for the new state. In these three narratives, we identify three different establishment events from which land authority develops. The article then uses this idea of the establishment event to explore five points of customary-statutory intersection evident from the land restitution process: (1) legitimate sources of land authority; (2) arbitrary establishment dates; (3) privileging of social order; (4) recognition of spiritual ties to land; and (5) the possibility for reversal.


1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 2326-2332
Author(s):  
Henry E. Frania

Based on actual observations of ecdysis or examination of exuviae of early- and (or) last-instar larvae of species in the Staphylininae (sensu latu), Paederinae, Steninae, Tachyporinae, Oxytelinae, Omaliinae, and Aleocharinae, it is shown that ecdysis from one larval instar to the next and larval–pupal ecdysis occur in about the same manner in all of these subfamilies. Newly emerged pupae of all Staphylinidae are exarate; pupae of the subfamily Staphylininae then become obtect. These findings refute a previous claim that larval–pupal ecdysis occurs differently in the Staphylininae and Paederinae than in other Staphylinidae. Larvae of Staphylininae and Paederinae have divided abdominal terga and sterna; this might facilitate ecdysis, but not as previously thought. The emerging larva or pupa remains connected to the old larval cuticle by the everted lining of the old larval foregut until near the end of ecdysis; this could be a necessary feature of ecdysis in Staphylinidae. Pupal chaetotaxy could affect how active the pupa is when disturbed.


1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Dyall ◽  
JA Ferguson ◽  
TB Jarman

Our previous claim, that locking an ortho carbonyl group into a favourable conformation causes very large increases in the rate of thermolysis of aryl azides , has been reexamined. In 8-azido-5-methoxy-1-tetralone the rate advantage over an azide with a rotatable ortho acetyl group is estimated to be only 18-fold. Nevertheless, this factor is large enough to invalidate attempts to explain relative neighbouring group abilities on simple electronic effects alone. The very large rate increases we reported previously for 1-azidoacridin-g(10H)-one and 1-azidoanthracene-9,10-dione are partly due to favourable retention of conjugation in the transition state.


Author(s):  
Richard A. Rosen ◽  
Joseph Mosnier

This chapter describes Chambers's efforts to enforce Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discrimination in restaurants, motels, and other places of public accommodation, against attempts to circumvent the new law's broad reach, confirmed by an earlier U.S. Supreme Court ruling. The Charlotte YMCA argued for a "private club" exemption under Title II, but quickly abandoned that claim and agreed to desegregate when Chambers filed suit. Chambers also sued the Raleigh YMCA, which sought to prevent desegregation of its exercise facilities on a similar claim notwithstanding that the YMCA's officers had desegregated their cafeteria and rental lodging. After a loss at trial before an unsympathetic U.S. District Court judge, Chambers and LDF won an unqualified victory on appeal before the Fourth Circuit. Chambers also prevailed in a suit to open Moore's Barbecue Restaurant in New Bern to black customers despite Moore's claim to have arranged his business affairs so as to be free of any connection to "interstate commerce," a key element of the Supreme Court's basis for upholding Title II. Here, Chambers overcame a hostile federal judge who willingly ignored a fundamental judicial canon by repeatedly communicating privately about the case with Moore's attorney.


1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Antia ◽  
J. Y. Cheng

A previous claim for the occurrence of antheraxanthin and the absence of typical cyanophycean xanthophylls in Agmenellum quadruplicatum has been disproven. This phycocyanin-producing prokaryote showed chlorophyll a, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, one myxoxanthophyll-like, and one myxol-like carotenoid as the major pigments. Traces of keto and other carotenoids were observed, one of which appears to be phoenicopterone or a cis-echinenone. No antheraxanthin and chlorophyll b or c were detected under all culture conditions tested. Algal chlorosis from culture aging was caused by the consecutive loss of phycocyanin and chlorophyll, but the carotenoid composition was much less affected and there was no gain of secondary or keto carotenoids. We concluded that this alga is a typical member of the Cyanophyceae in terms of pigment chemotaxonomy.


2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-710
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gillespie

Martin Heidegger observed in his inaugural lecture at the University of Freiburg in 1929 that the profundity of all fundamental questions lies in the fact that they call into question not merely the subject of the inquiry but also both the questioner and the act of questioning itself. To put this another way, any comprehensive explanation must be able in principle to account for the one who is giving the explanation and for the explanation itself, and any account that cannot do this disproves itself in the very act of its narration. Thus, if any such account does not make clear the nature of the narrator and the narration, it is suspect on these grounds and readers may reasonably ask for an explanation. Since I did not discuss or try to justify the methodology or the nature of the narrative that I employ in my book, it is not surprising that all three of my critics either explicitly or implicitly raise this as a question. Kirstie McClure perhaps poses it in the most straightforward fashion by asking about the character of my narrative, suggesting quite plausibly that it might be read as an account of the adventures of the divine predicate. Less directly, Tim Fuller seems to make a similar claim with his characterization of my position as middle Hegelian. Since I argue that in modernity the divine, as Tim Fuller eloquently puts it, is “absorbed” by the individual, it is certainly reasonable to ask what kind of account I imagine I am giving. Or to put it a bit more maliciously than my three interlocutors do, one might reasonably ask who I think I am. It seems to me that this is not only a fair question, but also a very penetrating one, and one that I must try to answer. I imagined my own goals to accord more with Tom Merrill's characterization of my thought as an attempt to bring about an encounter with the fundamental questions that underlie the basic assumptions we make about ourselves and our world. But to give no more explanation than this would hardly be satisfying. Moreover, since I complain at the beginning and the end of the book that we moderns need to pay a great deal more attention to the example of Oedipus and not forget who we are and where we come from, it is incumbent on me to explain myself and what I think I am doing more fully. I will try to do this after first attempting to clarify my argument and responding to several other questions my critics raise.


2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIE HÉLÈNE CÔTÉ ◽  
GEOFFREY STEWART MORRISON

This article examines the phonological status of schwa in clitics, in particular whether or not schwa should be included in their lexical representation. Several distributional and experimental arguments pointing to the lexical status of clitic schwas are reviewed and are shown to be inconclusive, due to the existence of additional data that suggest a different interpretation not involving underlying schwas. The discussion includes experimental results that fail to show residual lip rounding in the vicinity of an omitted schwa at clitic boundaries, contra Barnes and Kavitskaya's (2002) previous claim. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, the non-contrastive nature of clitic schwas militates against their underlying status.


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