Reexamination of the Carotenoid Pigments of the Unicellular Blue-green Alga Agmenellum quadruplicatum

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Antia ◽  
J. Y. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Typical Member ◽  
Agmenellum Quadruplicatum ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Previous Claim ◽  
Consecutive Loss ◽  
Β Carotene

A previous claim for the occurrence of antheraxanthin and the absence of typical cyanophycean xanthophylls in Agmenellum quadruplicatum has been disproven. This phycocyanin-producing prokaryote showed chlorophyll a, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, one myxoxanthophyll-like, and one myxol-like carotenoid as the major pigments. Traces of keto and other carotenoids were observed, one of which appears to be phoenicopterone or a cis-echinenone. No antheraxanthin and chlorophyll b or c were detected under all culture conditions tested. Algal chlorosis from culture aging was caused by the consecutive loss of phycocyanin and chlorophyll, but the carotenoid composition was much less affected and there was no gain of secondary or keto carotenoids. We concluded that this alga is a typical member of the Cyanophyceae in terms of pigment chemotaxonomy.

scholarly journals Measuring Flesh Color Variability among Processing Clingstone Peach Genotypes Differing in Carotenoid Composition

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Tourjee ◽  
Diane M. Barrett ◽  
Marisa V. Romero ◽  
Thomas M. Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Color Data ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Cielab Color

The variability in fresh and processed fruit flesh color of six clingstone processing peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] genotypes was measured using CIELAB color variables. The genotypes were selected based on the relative fruit concentrations of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin. Significant (p < 0.0001) differences were found among the genotypes for the L*, a*, and b* color variables of fresh and processed fruit. Mean color change during processing, as measured by ΔELAB, was greatest for `Ross' and least for `Hesse'. A plot of the first two principal components (PCs) obtained from PC analysis of the L*, a*, and b* variables for fresh and processed fruit revealed three clusters of genotypes that match groupings based on the relative concentrations in fresh fruit of carotenoid pigments. Path analysis showed that variation in β-cryptoxanthin concentration was more precisely determined from color data than β-carotene concentration. Chemical names used: β-β-carotene (β-carotene), (3R)-β-β-caroten-3-ol (β-cryptoxanthin).

Chlorophyll and carotenoids of the rin tomato mutant

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1657-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Sink Jr. ◽  
R. C. Herner ◽  
L. L. Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Tomato Mutant ◽  
Β Carotene

Fruit of the rin tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutant were analyzed for chlorophyll and carotenoid composition. Thirty days after pollination, rin fruit contained less chlorophyll a and more chlorophyll b, causing a lower a:b ratio than fruit of the normal ripening line. Phytoene, phytofluene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, and lycopene were all present in normal fruit 40–45 days old. In contrast, the carotenoids found in rin fruit were composed mostly of phytoene, with reduced quantities of β- and γ-carotene and traces of phytofluene and lycopene. Fruits of rin contained only phytoene and β-carotene after 180 days. These changes in endogenous pigments are interpreted as pleiotropic effects of the rin gene on the ripening tomato fruit. Pigmentation differences in fruit of the reciprocal hybrids were detected.

Effect of Iron Limitation on the Ultrastructure of Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
L. P. Hardie ◽  
D. L. Balkwill ◽  
S. E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Iron Limitation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Marine Cyanobacterium ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Agmenellum quadruplicatum is a unicellular, non-nitrogen-fixing, marine cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). The ultrastructure of this organism, when grown in the laboratory with all necessary nutrients, has been characterized thoroughly. In contrast, little is known of its ultrastructure in the specific nutrient-limiting conditions typical of its natural habitat. Iron is one of the nutrients likely to limit this organism in such natural environments. It is also of great importance metabolically, being required for both photosynthesis and assimilation of nitrate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects (if any) of iron limitation on the ultrastructure of A. quadruplicatum. It was part of a broader endeavor to elucidate the ultrastructure of cyanobacteria in natural systemsActively growing cells were placed in a growth medium containing 1% of its usual iron. The cultures were then sampled periodically for 10 days and prepared for thin sectioning TEM to assess the effects of iron limitation.

scholarly journals Screening of carotenoid-producing Rhodotorula strains isolated from natural sources

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Tkáčová ◽  
Katarína Furdíková ◽  
Tatiana Klempová ◽  
Katarína Ďurčanská ◽  
Milan Čertík
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Pigment Accumulation ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Carotenoids represent large group of various natural pigments ensuring typical coloration of plants, microorganisms and several animals. It was confirmed by many studies, that consuming these biological active compounds has positive impact for human life. Therefore, they are applied in different industrial fields, such as pharmacy, cosmetic, food, and feed industry. Due to high demand for carotenoids we would like to discover new microorganisms overproducing carotenoids. We focused on yeasts of genus Rhodotorula sp. (forty isolates), that we screened according to growth and carotenoid production on Petri dishes and production media. After cultivation on Petri dishes we selected five strains (denoted as KF-4, KF-6, KF-24, KF-31, KF-104) with interesting pigment production and quick growth. The secondary screening on production media identified KF-104 as the best producer of carotenoid pigments with massive pigment accumulation (1.15 mg/g DCW) and yield (9.69 mg/L). The main carotenoid of KF-104 isolate was β-carotene (35.4 %) with the accumulation of 408.7 μg/g DCW and the yield of 3.4 mg/L. The rest were torularhodin, torulene and γ-carotene (62.7–79.0 %). Production of torularhodin in the cells was low (0.4 to 1.4 mg/L) as was its accumulation in cells (31.2–121.0 μg/g DCW). We continue the experimental analyses of these isolates in order understand differences in the content of individual pigments.

Interactions between Photosynthetic Pigments Bound to Lipid and Protein Particles. Spectroscopic Properties

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
Framçoise Techy ◽  
Monique Dinant ◽  
Jacques Aghion
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Protein Particles ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract The spectroscopic (visible) properties of pigment-bearing lipid and protein particles extract­ ed from milk show that: 1) chlorophylls a and b bound to separate particles can form aggregates provided their relative concentration is high enough. Neither pheophytin a nor β-carotene, in the same conditions, form observable aggregates. 2) Chlorophylls a and b can co-aggregate when they are bound to the same particles. Pheophytin a as well as β-carotene seem to prevent the aggregation of chlorophyll a. β-carotene has no effect on the aggregation of chlorophyll b.

Effect of Aeration on the Production of Carotenoid Pigments by Rhodotorula rubra-lactobacillus casei Subsp. casei Co-Cultures in Whey Ultrafiltrate

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilina D. Simova ◽  
Ginka I. Frengova ◽  
Dora M. Beshkova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Carotene Synthesis

Under intensive aeration (1.3 l/l min) the associated growth of Rhodotorula rubra GED2 and Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei in cheese whey ultrafiltrate (55 g lactose/l) proceeded effectively for both cultures with production of maximum carotenoids (12.4 mg/l culture fluid). For maximum amount of carotenoids synthesized in the cell, the yeast required more intensive aeration than the aeration needed for synthesis of maximum concentration of dry cells. Maximum concentration of carotenoids in the cell (0.49 mg/g dry cells) was registered with air flow rate at 1.3 l/l min, and of dry cells (27.0 g/l) at 1.0 l/l min. An important characteristic of carotenogenesis by Rhodotorula rubra GED2 + Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei was established - the intensive aeration (above 1.0 l/l min) stimulated β-carotene synthesis (60% of total carotenoids).

Enhancing Biosynthesis of Flavonol Protective Biomaterials Using FLS Transgenic Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Darin Dangrit ◽  
Kanokporn Sompornpailin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Flavonoid Synthesis ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Tissue Culture Condition

Flavonol synthase (FLS) gene encodes an enzyme that is involved in conversion substrates into flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol. These substances are a subgroup of flavonoids which have an important role in both plant and human health. Many environmental factors such as temperature, pH and UV-A radiation have been studied and presented relationship with flavonoid synthesis. In this experiment, the combination of visible and UV-A lights was used as factors for elevating flavonoid biosynthesis of wild type (WT) plant and two lines of FLS transgenic plant under tissue culture condition. Both transgenic lines significantly enhanced the accumulation of quercetin and kaempferol substances nearly one fold higher than WT plant did. The photosynthetic pigment levels of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoid in transgenic lines are in the range 45.20-46.88, 16.34-17.04 and 13.63-13.46, while those of WT plants are 35.93, 13.18 and 10.55 (µg/g FW), respectively. Therefore, FLS transgenic plants containing high flavonol content showed a better in the protection photosynthetic pigments by less reductions of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments.

Fine Structure of the Chromoplasts of Fruit of Solanum aviculare Forth. var. brisbanense

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Simpson ◽  
MR Baqar ◽  
TH Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Solanum Aviculare ◽  
Β Carotene

Chromoplasts of ripe fruit of Solanum aviculare contain a large number of electron-translucent structures, which distinguishes them from the chromoplasts of many other species. During the chloroplast-chromoplast transformation, starch and grana disappear and plastoglobules accumulate. As ripening progresses, the plastoglobules fill with increasing amounts of electron-translucent structures which then protrude from the plastoglobules and eventually form a single small slab-shaped structure, and the plastoglobule disappears. β-Carotene (86.4%) is the main carotenoid of the ripe fruit, and small amounts of lutein, zeaxanthin, phytofluene, mutatochrome and neoxanthin are present. On the basis of carotenoid composition and appearance under the electron microscope, it is concluded that the translucent structures consist of a crystalline form of β-carotene.

Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cardinault ◽  
B. Lyan ◽  
M. Doreau ◽  
B. Chauveau ◽  
E. Rock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
In Series ◽  
First Time ◽  
Β Carotene

Due to the limited interest in carotenoids in ruminant diets until recently, analyses of forages are often incomplete, focusing mainly on β-carotene and lutein. Carotenoid composition of green forage from middle mountain meadow was analyzed by HPLC after extraction and elimination of chlorophylls by mild saponification. This method of analysis uses two C18 columns in series with a quaternary gradient system. Our method allowed, for the first time, the identification and quantification of several xanthophylls other than lutein (i.e., violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, epilutein) in chlorophyll-free extracts from carotenoid-rich forage. The intra-day (3.5–7.5 %) and inter-day (1.2–3.5 %) coefficients of variation are suitable for routine determination of carotenoids in green forage. This method could also be used in metabolic studies of these micronutrients in ruminants. Key words: Xanthophylls, carotenoids, fresh forage, HPLC

scholarly journals Vitamin A and carotenoids in certain invertebrates. I. Marine Crustacea

1952 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Fisher ◽  
S. K. Kon ◽  
S. Y. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
British Coast ◽  
Β Carotene

Planktonic, benthic and littoral Crustacea were collected from localities around the British coast, from Norwegian and Faeroese waters and from the Antarctic, and their content of preformed vitamin A and carotenoid pigments was measured.Methods are described for the preservation of specimens, the extraction and separation of vitamin A and carotenoids and the measurement of vitamin A by chemical, physical and biological tests, and of carotenoids by physical tests.Free-swimming euphausiids were found to contain, in addition to large quantities of astaxanthin, high concentrations of preformed vitamin A, but no β-carotene.

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