Hyposexuality and epilepsy: a community survey of hormonal and behavioural changes in male epileptics

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Toone ◽  
J. Edeh ◽  
M. N. Nanjee ◽  
M. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Primary Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Hormonal Analysis

SYNOPSISA survey of five group practices in South London identified 60 male patients currently undergoing treatment for epilepsy. Fifty-four agreed to participate in a detailed enquiry into aspects of their sexual activity and behaviour. Anterior pituitary and sex-hormone levels were measured. The epileptic patients were characterized by low levels of sexual activity and interest. Temporal-lobe and non-temporal-lobe epileptics were indistinguishable in these respects, but when the latter group was further subdivided into primary generalized epilepsy and focal non-temporal lobe epilepsy, the focal groups (both temporal lobe and non-temporal lobe) were more impaired. Hormonal analysis confirmed earlier hospital-clinic-based reports. In the epilepsy group, plasma free testosterone and percentage free testosterone values were decreased, sex hormone binding globulin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were increased compared to values in a normal healthy population. As association between the behavioural and hormonal indices of hyposexuality was shown, particularly for LH, but this was less apparent than in previous work.

Sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in males with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis of the liver

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. De Besi ◽  
P. Zucchetta ◽  
S. Zotti ◽  
I. Mastrogiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Group B

Abstract. The present work investigates the sex hormone profiles in 50 male patients with liver cirrhosis of different etiology according to the degree of liver dysfunction. The only hormonal impairment in well-compensated cirrhotics (group A) was an increase in mean serum concentrations of estrone, androstenedione, and sex hormone binding globulin. In decompensated cirrhotic patients with ascites (group B), low mean levels of total and free testosterone were found along with normal gonadotropins mean levels. Estrone and androstenedione levels were still elevated, whereas sex hormone binding globulin levels were not different from controls. In decompensated cirrhotics patients with encephalopathy (group C), total and free testosterone mean levels were lower than in group B, and LH mean levels were elevated; estrone levels were markedly high, but androstenedione levels were subnormal; sex hormone binding globulin concentrations were again not different from controls. The few patients with high prolactin levels belonged primarily to this group. Estradiol mean levels were not significantly elevated in any of the groups. It is concluded that the various hormonal patterns of gonadal failure and of the impairment of steroid metabolism and transport, observed in cirrhosis, can be attributed to the degree of liver dysfunction.

The Relationship between Sex Steroids and Sex-Hormone-Binding Globulin in Plasma in Physiological and Pathological Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean K Cunningham ◽  
Therese Loughlin ◽  
Marie Culliton ◽  
T Joseph McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Opposing Effects

Physiological and many pathological changes in plasma sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels have been attributed to the opposing effects of androgens which lower, and oestrogens which elevate, levels. We examined four clinical situations in which changes in SHBG levels may not be explained by sex steroid alterations. (1) Dexamethasone caused an increase in SHBG levels in hyperandrogenaemic hirsute women whether or not androgens were suppressed. (2) In male patients with untreated isolated gonadotrophin deficiency there was a highly significant correlation between SHBG levels and age, but there was no relationship between the levels of SHBG and those of plasma testosterone, androstenedione or DHEAS. (3) Two 46-XY siblings, phenotypic female subjects with complete androgen insensitivity, demonstrated a marked decline in SHBG levels between the ages of 9–13 and 12–16 years. (4) SHBG was suppressed in obese oligomenorrhoeic women while plasma concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione and oestradiol were normal and that of oestrone was elevated; however, the testosterone: SHBG ratio, an index of free testosterone, was elevated. These observations indicate that the decline in SHBG levels which normally occurs in men during the second decade of life is independent of androgen activity and is under the influence of as yet unidentified factors. Glucocorticoids in small doses increase SHBG levels independently of sex steroid alterations while elevated free testosterone concentration may contribute to suppression of SHBG in obesity.

Ramifications of variability in sex hormone-binding globulin measurement by different immunoassays on the calculation of free testosterone

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Joanne Adaway ◽  
Brian Keevil ◽  
Annmarie Miller ◽  
Phillip J Monaghan ◽  
Nicola Merrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Result Interpretation ◽  
Abbott Architect

Objective Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein which binds hormones such as testosterone. Around 97% of circulating testosterone is bound to SHBG or albumin and is therefore biologically unavailable; 2–3% of testosterone is free. Free testosterone is very technically challenging to quantify; in order to circumvent this problem, equations using testosterone and SHBG are used to estimate free testosterone. We decided to determine the effect of using different SHBG immunoassays on calculated free testosterone results. Design Anonymized surplus serum samples were analysed for SHBG on four different immunoassay platforms (Abbott Architect, Roche, Beckman and Siemens). The SHBG results were used to generate a Vermeulen calculated free testosterone. Results Beckman Access and Siemens Centaur both gave results close to the overall mean. Roche gave the highest SHBG concentrations with Abbott Architect producing the lowest results. Abbott Architect gave the highest calculated free testosterone results, followed by Beckman. Roche gave the lowest results. Sixty-five per cent of male samples had low calculated free testosterone and 27.5% of the females had high calculated free testosterone using the SHBG from the Abbott assay compared with 69% low male calculated free testosterone and 20% high female calculated free testosterone with the Roche assay. Conclusion Our results have shown significant differences in SHBG results produced by different analysers and subsequently the calculated free testosterone, which may affect result interpretation if method-specific reference ranges for calculated free testosterone are not used. Care should be taken to ensure reference ranges are appropriate for the analyser used to avoid misdiagnosis of hypo or hyperandrogenism, and ensure patients get the most appropriate treatment.

Salivary Free Testosterone in Hirsutism

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joško Osredkar ◽  
Ivan Vrhovec ◽  
Niko Jesenovec ◽  
Andreja Kocijančič ◽  
Janez Preželj
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Diagnostic Use

A sensitive, specific and accurate direct radioimmunoassay of testosterone in human saliva is described. A single salivary testosterone result is shown to be of greater diagnostic use in hirsutism than any of the currently used serum androgen assays. Thus, of 50 hirsute patients, salivary testosterone (Sa-T) was elevated in 34 patients, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was decreased in 30 women, serum testosterone (S-T) elevated in 13, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) was elevated in 14, and androstenedione in three of the investigated group.

scholarly journals Electroclinical Analysis of Postictal Noserubbing

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wennberg
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Autonomic Activation ◽  
Ictal Activity ◽  
Primary Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe Seizure ◽  
Intracranial Electrodes ◽  
Video Eeg

ABSTRACT:Background:Postictal noserubbing (PIN) has been identified as a good, albeit imperfect, lateralizing and localizing sign in human partial epilepsy, possibly related to ictal autonomic activation.Methods:PIN was studied prospectively in a group of consecutive patients admitted for video-EEG monitoring, with the laterality of noserubbing correlated with electrographic sites of seizure onset, intra- and interhemispheric spread, and sites of seizure termination.Results:PIN was significantly more frequent in temporal than extratemporal epilepsy (p<0.001; 23/41 (56%) patients and 41/197 (21%) seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy compared with 4/34 (12%) patients and 12/167 (7%) seizures in extratemporal epilepsy). The hand used to rub the nose was ipsilateral to the side of seizure onset in 83% of both temporal and extratemporal seizures. Seizures with contralateral PIN correlated with spread to the contralateral temporal lobe on scalp EEG (p<0.04). All extratemporal seizures with PIN showed spread to temporal lobe structures. One patient investigated with intracranial electrodes showed PIN only when ictal activity spread to involve the amygdala: seizures confined to the hippocampus were not associated with PIN. PIN was not observed in 63 nonepileptic events in 17 patients. Unexpectedly, one patient with primary generalized epilepsy showed typical PIN after 1/3 recorded absence seizures.Conclusions:This study confirms PIN as a good indicator of ipsilateral temporal lobe seizure onset. Instances of false lateralization and localization appear to reflect seizure spread to contralateral or ipsilateral temporal lobe structures, respectively. Involvement of the amygdala appears to be of prime importance for induction of PIN.

Are There Variances of Calculated Free Testosterone Attributed to Variations in Albumin and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Concentrations in Men?

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Guay ◽  
Abdulmaged Traish ◽  
Diane Hislop-Chestnut ◽  
Gheorghe Doros ◽  
John Gawoski
Keyword(s):  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding

Observations on the role of GH/IGF-1 and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in the pubertal development of growth hormone deficient (GHD) children

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S164-S169 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.T. RUDD ◽  
P.H.W. RAYNER ◽  
P.H. THOMAS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Short Children

Abstract SHBG concentrations in GHD and non GHD children of both sexes were studied in relation to their weight and androgen status. SHBG was inversely related to age in short and control children, but not for GHD. Correction for body weight restored the inverse relationship in these children and improved the correlation for the other groups. DHAS concentrations were similar in GHD and short children, suggesting GH per se does not influence adrenal androgen synthesis. The mean free testosterone in GHD children 12.7 pmol/L, was similar to that in short children, 14.3 pmol/L, and lower than controls 21.2 pmol/L, but consistent with their pubertal status. The Linear regression of SHBG on IGF-1 was r = -0.605 (P <0.01). It was postulated that IGF-1 and free testosterone may regulate SHBG synthesis. Administration of native and synthetic GH to prepubertal GHD children lowered SHBG without a significant change in TBG, albumin or free testosterone. The fall in SHBG concentration after HGH in GHD children is suggested as a selective mechanism which may lead to improved pubertal development. It is now recognised that many of the biochemical actions of administered human growth hormone (HGH), notably linear growth, protein synthesis and turnover, recorded in the classical studies of Prader et al. (1964), Hubble (1966) and Brown et al. (1967) are mediated by the generation of somatomedin C (IGF-1) (Van Wyk et al., 1974). Less certain is the role that IGF-1 may play in the timing of the growth spurt and subsequent pubertal development. It is documented however, (Laron and Sarel, 1970), that clinical signs of poor genital development in male patients with growth hormone deficiency may be reversed by HGH therapy, but the mechanism is unknown. A specific carbohydrate rich dimeric binding protein, sex hormone binding globulin, with a high Ka for testosterone and oestradiol-17β is present in serum (Anderson, 1974). Levels are raised prepubertally and fall progressively in both sexes as puberty advances (Lee et al., 1985). This fall is a trigger for increased levels of free testosterone and oestradiol-17β which may play a part in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Preliminary reports (Rudd et al., 1985), have shown that some GHD children had raised SHBG values for chronological and bone age. These observations suggested that concentrations of non-protein bound sex steroids may be inappropriately low because of a raised In this paper, the weight and the androgen status of GHD SHBG. children is studied in relation to compared to similar data for short addition, the effect of native and Sweden) GH on SHBG and non-protein GHD patients, is examined. their SHBG concentrations and is children and controls. In synthetic (Somatonorm S - Kabi, bound testosterone in the serum of

scholarly journals Association of sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone with mortality in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye N Tint ◽  
Rudolf Hoermann ◽  
Henry Wong ◽  
Elif I Ekinci ◽  
Richard J MacIsaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
All Cause Mortality

ObjectiveLow circulating testosterone levels have been associated with increased mortality in men. We hypothesized that the prognostic role of testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is influenced by its carrier protein sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).DesignWe conducted a prospective cohort study at a tertiary referral centre.MethodsIn total, 531 men with T2DM presenting to a diabetes clinic in 2004–2005 were followed prospectively until death, or July 31, 2014, and a survival analysis was performed. The main outcome measure was all cause mortality.ResultsOver a mean (s.d.) follow up of 7.6 years (2.6) 175 men (33%) died. In Cox proportional hazard models both higher SHBG (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.012 (95% CI 1.002–1.022), P=0.02) and lower calculated free testosterone (cFT) (HR 0.995 (95% CI 0.993–0.998), P=0.001) were risk factors for all cause mortality independently of age, BMI, presence of macro- and microvascular disease, duration of T2DM, hemoglobin, renal function, insulin use, C-reactive protein and homeostatic model of insulin resistance. By contrast, the inverse association of total testosterone (TT) with mortality weakened after these adjustments (P=0.11). SHBG remained associated with mortality (P<0.001) both if substituted for or added to TT in the multivariable model. In the fully adjusted model, an increase of SHBG by 17.3 nmol/l (1 s.d.) increased mortality by 22% and a decrease in cFT by 81 pmol/l (1 s.d.) increased mortality by 45%.ConclusionsThe association of SHBG with mortality in men with T2DM is novel. Whether SHBG acts via regulation of testosterone, has intrinsic biological roles, or is a marker of poor health requires further study.

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