Side-effects of lithium at lower therapeutic levels: the significance of thirst

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. King ◽  
P. R. Aylard ◽  
R. P. Hullin
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Lithium Level ◽  
Serum Lithium Level ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Thirst Mechanism

SynopsisThe prevalence of thirst, subjective polyuria and related side-effects was investigated in 87 patients attending a lithium clinic and in a group of 52 controls. Thirst was surprisingly common, occurring in 67% of patients, in spite of the fact that they had been maintained on relatively low levels of lithium, and was due principally to the lithium rather than to other psychotropic drugs. Urine flow and impaired renal water absorption correlated with the serum lithium level and the length of treatment in the patients, despite the fact that few were clinically polyuric. The pattern of the results confirms previous suggestions that lithium may stimulate the thirst mechanism directly as well as via an increased renal resistance to vasopressin. The possible implications in terms of clinical response are discussed.

Renal side effects of lithium: The importance of the serum lithium level

1981 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Vestergaard ◽  
Klaus Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Lithium Level ◽  
Serum Lithium Level

scholarly journals Counseling provided by the pharmacist in Romanian community pharmacy: the patients’ perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ela Iancu ◽  
Camelia Bucsa ◽  
Andreea Maria Farcas ◽  
Daniel Corneliu Leucuta ◽  
Adriana Dincu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Patients Perspective

Background and aims. Patient education is a critical task that may be carried out by the pharmacists, especially in the context of contemporary pharmacists’ roles, which tend to be closer to patients and their needs. This study aimed to evaluate the counseling provided by the pharmacist in the community pharmacy, from the patient’s perspective.Patients and methods. We conducted a prospective, non-interventional study in 520 pharmacies from 10 Romanian counties across the country. The first 10 visitors of the pharmacy on a given day were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the counseling provided by the pharmacist during the visit.Results. More than 90% of patients received advice from the pharmacist on the route of administration, use in relation to meals, dosage and length of treatment. More than 80% of the patients were counseled on the medicine contraindications and precautions, interactions with other medicines and food, side effects, additional changes in lifestyle and diet appropriate to the condition and the necessity to immediately consult a doctor/pharmacist in case of adverse drug reactions. Lower percentages were registered for advising the patient on the obligation to return to pharmacy the unused psychotropic drugs (38.04%) and the ability of the drug to modify the laboratory results (47.66).Conclusions. The results of the present study showed that the counseling activity in the community pharmacy is carried out by the pharmacists in a high proportion, according to the patients’ feedback.

Persistent cerebellar deterioration in a patient with lobar pneumonia under lithium, carbamazepine, and trifluperidol treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Bischof ◽  
A Melms ◽  
M Fetter
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Lithium Toxicity ◽  
Lithium Level ◽  
Serum Lithium Level ◽  
Lobar Pneumonia

SummaryWe report on a patient with schizoaffective disorder who was on combination therapy of lithium, carbamazepine, and the neuroleptic trifluperidol. He experienced a lobar pneumonia and developed an acute and persistent cerebellar deterioration which was most likely due to lithium toxicity, while the serum lithium level was within the therapeutic range. The combination of lithium, carbamazepine, and neuroleptics is common, and is generally considered to be safe. The reported case suggests that this regimen might increase the risk of intoxication with potentially disabling side-effects.

What is the optimal serum lithium level in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder? A review

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Severus ◽  
N Kleindienst ◽  
F Seemüller ◽  
S Frangou ◽  
HJ Möller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Lithium Level ◽  
Serum Lithium Level ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Homeostatic potassium excretion in fed and fasted sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. R357-R380 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rabinowitz ◽  
D. M. Green ◽  
R. L. Sarason ◽  
H. Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Urine Flow Rate ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Filtered Load

In unanesthetized adult sheep, following intake of a daily meal, there was a peak in K excretion. The maximum and minimum rates of K excretion following meals were directly related to meal K content. On days without meals, no peak in K excretion occurred. Changes in K excretion on fed and fast days occurred without changes in the low levels of plasma aldosterone and were poorly correlated with urine or blood pH, urine flow rate, Na excretion, or the filtered load of K, but they correlated well with fractional K excretion. Plasma K did not change on fast days. Plasma K increased on some, but not all, fed days. Increases in plasma K that occurred on fed days were insufficient to account for the concurrent kaliuresis. Infusion of aldosterone or isotonic NaCl failed to alter K excretion in fed or fasted sheep. Infusion of isotonic NaCl + aldosterone hypertonic Na2SO4 + aldosterone increased K excretion in fasted but not fed sheep. Infusion of K in the rumen of fed and fasted sheep elevated rumen K concentration and led to increases in K excretion that could not be explained by increases in plasma K. The mechanisms responsible for the homeostatic changes in K excretion on fed and fast days were not ascertained but may importantly depend on sensors of enteric K content.

scholarly journals Aromatherapy Versus Pharmaceutical Interventions for Dementia Related Behaviors Translating & Integrating Scholarship Practicum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Pharmaceutical Management ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Relaxing Effect ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

The elderly population is expected to double in the next thirty years increasing the number of individuals with the diagnosis of dementia. By proxy, dementia related behaviors such as agitation, anxiety and restless will also increase. Currently, pharmaceutical management of these behaviors include Ativan, Haldol and other psychotropic drugs which have side effects that place individuals at risk for falls and at times even aggravate the behaviors. Although, not widely researched, aromatherapy is a safe alternative to treating Dementia related behaviors. Research shows aromatherapy has a calming and relaxing effect which can be measured physiologically.

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