A systematic review and meta-analysis of set-shifting ability in eating disorders

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARION E. ROBERTS ◽  
KATE TCHANTURIA ◽  
DANIEL STAHL ◽  
LAURA SOUTHGATE ◽  
JANET TREASURE
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sort Test ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Standardized Effect Sizes ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim was to critically appraise and synthesize the literature relating to set-shifting ability in eating disorders. PsycINFO, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched to December 2005. Hand searching of eating-disorder journals and relevant reference sections was also undertaken.MethodThe 15 selected studies contained both eating disorder and healthy control groups, and employed at least one of the following six neuropsychological measures of set-shifting ability; Trail Making Test (TMT), Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), Brixton task, Haptic Illusion, CatBat task, or the set-shifting subset of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The outcome variable was performance on the set-shifting aspect of the task. Pooled standardized mean differences (effect sizes) were calculated.ResultsTMT, WCST, CatBat and Haptic tasks had sufficient sample sizes for meta-analysis. These four tasks yielded acceptable pooled standardized effect sizes (0·36; TMT −1·05; Haptic) with moderate variation within studies (as measured by confidence intervals). The Brixton task showed a small pooled mean difference, and displayed more variation between sample results. The effect size for CANTAB set shifting was 0·17.ConclusionProblems in set shifting as measured by a variety of neuropsychological tasks are present in people with eating disorders.

Set-shifting ability across the spectrum of eating disorders and in overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (16) ◽  
pp. 3365-3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wu ◽  
T. Brockmeyer ◽  
M. Hartmann ◽  
M. Skunde ◽  
W. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Background.In this meta-analysis we review the findings from neuropsychological studies on set-shifting in people with eating disorders (EDs) or overweight/obesity.Method.Four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX and Web of Science) were searched for eligible studies. Effect sizes (ESs) were pooled using random-effects models. Moderator analyses were conducted for ED and overweight/obese subgroups, adult/adolescent samples and measures of set-shifting.Results.Sixty-four studies with a total of 1825 ED patients [1394 anorexia nervosa (AN), 376 bulimia nervosa (BN) and 55 binge eating disorder (BED)] and 10 studies with a total of 449 overweight/obese individuals were included. The meta-analysis revealed a small to medium ES for inefficient set-shifting across all three ED diagnoses (Hedges’ g = –0.45). Subgroup analyses yielded small to medium ESs for each ED subtype (g = –0.44 for AN, –0.53 for BED, –0.50 for BN), which did not differ significantly. There was a medium ES for restricting type AN (ANR; g = –0.51) but no significant ES for binge/purge type AN (AN/BP; g = –0.18). A medium ES was found across obesity studies (g = –0.61). The ES across overweight studies was not significant (g = –0.07). Adult samples did not differ from adolescent samples in either ED or overweight/obesity studies. The different set-shifting measures were associated with largely varying ESs.Conclusions.The meta-analysis provides strong support that inefficient set-shifting is a salient neuropsychological phenomenon across ED subtypes and obesity, but is less prominent in AN/BP and overweight. Compulsivity seems to be a common underlying factor supporting a dimensional and transdiagnostic conceptualization of EDs and obesity.

Central coherence in eating disorders: a systematic review

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lopez ◽  
K. Tchanturia ◽  
D. Stahl ◽  
J. Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weak Central Coherence ◽  
Central Coherence ◽  
Global Processing ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundThis review systematically appraised the research evidence for local versus global information processing to test the hypothesis that people with eating disorders (ED) had weak central coherence.MethodSearches on Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ISI Web of Science databases were conducted in November 2006 and subsequently updated in September 2007. Each search was conducted in two steps: (1) neuropsychological tasks measuring central coherence and (2) words related to cognitive functioning in eating disorders. Data were summarized in a meta-analysis if the number of studies for a given test was >5.ResultsData were extracted from 16 studies. Meta-analyses were conducted for four tasks obtaining moderate effect sizes. The majority of studies found global processing difficulties across the ED spectrum. The results are less clear regarding local processing.ConclusionsPeople with ED have difficulties in global processing. It is less certain as to whether they have superior local processing. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to refute the weak central coherence hypothesis.

scholarly journals Social anxiety in the eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (15) ◽  
pp. 2477-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess Kerr-Gaffney ◽  
Amy Harrison ◽  
Kate Tchanturia
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder is one of the most common comorbid conditions in eating disorders (EDs). The aim of the current review and meta-analysis is to provide a qualitative summary of what is known about social anxiety (SA) in EDs, as well as to compare levels of SA in those with EDs and healthy controls. Electronic databases were systematically searched for studies using self-report measures of SA in ED populations. In total, 38 studies were identified, 12 of which were included in the meta-analyses. For both anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa, there were significant differences between ED groups and HCs, with medium to large effect sizes. Findings from the qualitative review indicate that levels of SA are similar across the ED diagnoses, and SA improves with treatment in AN. In addition, high levels of SA are associated with more severe ED psychopathology, but not body mass index. These findings add to the wider literature on socio-emotional functioning in EDs, and may have implications for treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Prevention of Eating Disorders at Universities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Harrer ◽  
Sophia Helen Adam ◽  
Eva-Maria Messner ◽  
Harald Baumeister ◽  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Eating Disorder Prevention ◽  
Disorder Prevention

Background. Eating problems are highly prevalent among young adults. Universities could be an optimal setting to prevent eating disorders through psychological intervention. As part of the World Mental Health-International College Student initiative, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes data on the efficacy of eating disorder prevention programs targeting university students.Method. A systematic literature search of bibliographical databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) for randomized trials comparing psychological preventive interventions for eating disorders in university students to psychoeducation or inactive controls was performed through October 8th, 2018.Results. Twenty-two studies were included. Eight (36.4%) were rated to have a low risk of bias. The relative risk of developing a subthreshold or full-blown eating disorder was IRR=0.62 (95%CI: 0.44-0.87, n=8; standardized clinical interviews only), indicating a 38% decrease in incidence in the intervention groups compared to controls. Small to moderate between- group effects at post-test were found on self-reported global eating disorder symptoms (g=0.36, 95%CI: 0.25-0.47, n=20), dieting (g=0.47, 95%CI: 0.30- 0.64, n=18), body dissatisfaction (g=0.50, 95%CI: 0.33-0.67, n=14), drive for thinness (g=0.43, 95%CI: 0.27-0.59, n=12), weight concerns (g=0.33, 95%CI: 0.10-0.57, n=13) and affective symptoms (g=0.28, 95%CI: 0.16-0.40, n=14). Effects on bulimia were not significant. Heterogeneity was low to moderate across comparisons.Discussion. Eating disorder prevention on campus can have significant, small-to-moderate effects on eating disorder symptoms and risk factors. Results also suggest that the prevention of subthreshold and full-syndrome eating disorders is feasible using such interventions. More research is needed to identify effects on academic functioning, as well as ways to motivate students to use preventive eating disorder interventions.

scholarly journals Problematic usage of the internet and eating disorders: a multifaceted, systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Ioannidis ◽  
Charlotte Taylor ◽  
Leah Holt ◽  
Kate Brown ◽  
Christine Lochner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Eating Disorder Psychopathology ◽  
Multiple Levels

Eating disorders are widespread illnesses with significant impact. There is growing concern about how those at risk of eating disorders overuse online resources to their detriment. We conducted a pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining Problematic Usage of the Internet (PUI) and eating disorders. The meta-analysis comprised n=32,295 participants, in which PUI was correlated with significant eating disorder psychopathology Pearson r=0.22 (s.e.=0.04, p<0.001), body dissatisfaction r=0.16 (s.e.=0.02, p<0.001), drive-for-thinness r=0.16 (s.e.=0.04, p<0.001) and dietary restraint r=0.18 (s.e.=0.03). Effects were not moderated by gender, PUI facet or study quality. Results are in support of PUI impacting significantly on vulnerable populations towards the development or maintenance of eating disorder psychopathology; males may be equally vulnerable to these potential effects. Prospective and experimental studies in the field suggest that small but significant effects exist and may have accumulative influence over time and across all age groups. Those findings are important to expand our understanding of PUI as a multifaceted concept and its impact on multiple levels of ascertainment of eating disorder psychopathology.

Peer and family influence in eating disorders: A meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Quiles Marcos ◽  
M.J. Quiles Sebastián ◽  
L. Pamies Aubalat ◽  
J. Botella Ausina ◽  
J. Treasure
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Dieting Behavior ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Reference Sections ◽  
Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽  
Eating Practices

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to undertake a systematic review using meta-analysis procedures to assess the relationships between eating disorders and peer and family influence and to evaluate whether gender plays a moderator role in that relationship.MethodPsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, EPSCO and Embase databases from 1980 to 2010 were searched in June and October 2010. Hand searching of relevant reference sections was also undertaken.ResultsIt was possible to obtain 83 effect sizes from the 25 studies selected. Results showed that both peers and family influence dieting behavior, body dissatisfaction and bulimic symptoms in adolescent girls and boys. Furthermore, the analyses of the moderator variables showed that the variability of the effect sizes found was, in some cases, explained by gender, influence type and the country of the sample.Discussion and conclusionThese results highlight how daily social interactions can influence unhealthy eating practices in adolescent girls and boys, and suggest that weight-related issues of parents and peers can be transmitted to adolescents.

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