Individual and Family Factors in Disordered Eating Patterns of Mexican-American Women

Objective: In this study, we examined the contribution of individual- (acculturation, body mass index, and body size satisfaction) and family- (maternal weight-related messages and disordered eating patterns) level factors in predicting bulimic and dieting behaviors in young Mexican-American women with overweight or obesity. Methods: We recruited adult Mexican- American mother-daughter dyads from the community. We conducted correlational analysis and hierarchical regression. Results: Daughters who were less satisfied with their body size reported higher symptoms of bulimic (r = -.34, p < .01) or dieting behavior (r = -.36, p < .01). Daughters who received more positive maternal messages on eating and weight had mothers with lower symptoms of bulimic (r = -.43, p < .01) or dieting behavior (r = -.30, p < .05). Maternal symptoms of bulimic behavior were the strongest predictor of daughters' bulimic behavior (ß = .379, p = .007), and body size satisfaction was the strongest predictor of daughters' dieting behavior (ß = -.372, p = .008) in adjusted models. Conclusion: Mexican-American women who are less satisfied with their body size and have mothers with elevated symptoms of bulimic behavior are at risk for disordered eating patterns. Intervening at the individual level on body image and family level on maternal modeling of eating behavior may help support healthy weight management behaviors.

The Relationship between Bodyweight Status and Weight Perception Explains Differences in Calories Ordered in a Food Choice Exercise

Understanding food choice is critical to be able to address the rise in obesity rates around the globe. In this paper, we examine the relationship between measured (BMI, using self-reported height and weight) and perceived weight status with the number of calories ordered in a controlled online food choice exercise. A total of 1044 participants completed an online food choice exercise in which they selected ingredients for a sandwich from five categories: meat/protein, cheese, spread/dressing, bread, and vegetables. We examine the number of calories ordered by participants and use linear regression to study the relationship of BMI category relative to self-reported perceived weight status with calories ordered. As a comparison to previous literature, we also examine the relationship between relative weight status and self-reported dieting behavior using logistic regression. We find that participants perceiving themselves to have a higher BMI than their BMI calculated using height and weight ordered significantly fewer calories and were more likely to report dieting than participants who perceived themselves to have a lower BMI than their calculated BMI. The relationship between perceived weight status and measured weight status explains behavior in a food choice task. Understanding how people perceive their weight may help design effective health messages.

Hubungan Perilaku Diet Dengan Massa Lemak Tubuh Pada Remaja Putri Di SMA Negeri 5 Surabaya

Background: The fat body mass can be increased especially in adolescent girl. When fat body mass increased it can affect the nutritional status and body image. If someone wants to have the ideal body imaged, they can try to do diet to decreased fat body mass. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze a relationship of dieting behavior with fat body mass at SMA Negeri 5 Surabaya.Methods: The design of the study was cross sectional involving 76 selected samples in the simple random sampling. The aimed of measuring body height, weight and body fat mass for scoring the nutritional status and percentage of fat body mass. Some characteristic of the respondents were age, amount of pocket money, physical activity and nutritional status. The data were analyzed by using Chi-Square correlation test with p<0.05.Results: The averaged of respondents age was 16 years old, most of all the amounted of pocket money from the respondents approximately IDR 25,000-75,000 (35.5%). The category of physical activity was mild (42.1%), and the nutritional status of respondents was normal (61.3%). Some of the respondents was doing a healthy diet (61.8%) with averaged score was 39.8. The averaged of body fat mass from the respondents was 25.24%. The result showing there was no relationship between diet behavior with fat body mass in girl adolescent (p>0.060).Conclusions: Diet behavior was not founded to be related to the fat body mass in female adolescent. Therefore the students needed to get more information about dieting behavior and fat body mass to prevented more nutritional problems.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Peningkatan massa lemak tubuh biasa dialami oleh remaja putri. Massa lemak tubuh yang berlebih akan berdampak pada status gizi serta bentuk tubuh. Diet merupakan salah satu cara untuk menurunkan massa lemak tubuh tersebut agar bentuk tubuh menjadi ideal.Tujuan:menganalisis hubungan antara perilaku diet dengan massa lemak tubuh remaja putri di SMA Negeri 5 Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan melibatkan 76 responden yang dipilih secara simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan untuk menilai status gizi serta pengukuran persentase massa lemak tubuh menggunakan BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis). Wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan perilaku diet responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi chi-square dengan p<0,05.Hasil: rata-rata usia subyek 15,93±0,64 tahun dengan rerata besar uang saku harian sebesar Rp 22.474±12.62i, Aktivitas fisik tingkat ringan sebanyak 42,1% siswi, dan status gizi responden berdasarkan IMT/U didominasi oleh kategori normal sebanyak 80,3%. Sebagian besar responden menjalankan diet sehat sebanyak 61,8% dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 39,8.Sebanyak 31,6% subyek dengan kategori massa lebih lebihHasil analisis menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara perilaku diet dengan persen lemak tubuh remaja putri (p>0,06).Kesimpulan: Perilaku diet tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan massa lemak tubuh remaja putri. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menganalisis faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan perilaku diet dan massa lemak tubuh pada remaja putri.

Cumulative intake of artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in young adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated a positive association between artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. However, research informing this topic in young adults is limited. Objective This study examined the association between ASB, SSB, and total sweetened beverage (TSB; combined ASB and SSB) consumption and T2D risk in young adults. Methods A prospective analysis of 4719 Black and White men and women aged 18–30 y at baseline was conducted from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Each participant's beverage intake was assessed using the CARDIA Diet History at baseline and at study Years 7 and 20. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine cumulative average ASB, SSB, and TSB intakes and risk of T2D. Results During the 30-y follow-up period, 680 participants developed T2D. ASB consumption was associated with a 12% greater risk of T2D per serving/day (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04–1.20) in a model adjusted for lifestyle factors, diet quality, and dieting behavior. Further adjustments for baseline BMI (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99–1.14) and weight change during follow-up (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.97–1.12) attenuated the association. SSB and TSB consumption as continuous variables per 1 serving/day of intake were associated with 6% and 5% increased risks of T2D, respectively (HRSSB 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10; HRTSB 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.09), in the model accounting for lifestyle factors, dieting behavior, baseline BMI, and weight change. Results were consistent when the exposures were modeled in categories of consumption and quintiles. Conclusions In young adults, long-term ASB, SSB, and TSB consumption were associated with increased risks of T2D. However, the estimates for ASB were attenuated when accounting for weight changes.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors toward Eating Disorders among Adolescents in Italy

The objectives of this survey were to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward eating disorders among adolescents in Italy. The survey was undertaken between May and June 2017 among a random sample of 420 adolescents aged 14–20 years. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Only 22.8% correctly knew both the definition of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Female, overweight or obese individuals, and who had at least one parent with a college degree or higher level of education were more likely to have this knowledge. More than one third (38.8%) had a fear of getting fat. Female, overweight or obese individuals, who did not know the definition of anorexia and bulimia nervosa, who avoided eating when they were hungry, and who always and usually were engaged in dieting behavior were more likely to have a fear of getting fat. Only 10.1% and 11.9% always and usually were engaged in dieting behavior, and 40.8% never did so. Respondents who usually/always had a strong desire to be thinner and who had a fear of getting fat were more likely to be engaged in dieting behavior. There is an urgent need to inform Italian adolescents about eating disorders, and healthcare workers may play a crucial role in distributing eating disorder-related knowledge.

A Kernel-Based Metric for Balance Assessment

An important goal in causal inference is to achieve balance in the covariates among the treatment groups. In this article, we introduce the concept of distributional balance preserving which requires the distribution of the covariates to be the same in different treatment groups. We also introduce a new balance measure called kernel distance, which is the empirical estimate of the probability metric defined in the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Compared to the traditional balance metrics, the kernel distance measures the difference in the two multivariate distributions instead of the difference in the finite moments of the distributions. Simulation results show that the kernel distance is the best indicator of bias in the estimated casual effect compared to several commonly used balance measures. We then incorporate kernel distance into genetic matching, the state-of-the-art matching procedure and apply the proposed approach to analyze the Early Dieting in Girls study. The study indicates that mothers’ overall weight concern increases the likelihood of daughters’ early dieting behavior, but the causal effect is not significant.