scholarly journals Familial influence and childhood trauma in female alcoholism

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Magnusson ◽  
C. Lundholm ◽  
M. Göransson ◽  
W. Copeland ◽  
M. Heilig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

BackgroundTo assess the role of genetic and environmental factors in female alcoholism using a large population-based twin sample, taking into account possible differences between early and late onset disease subtype.MethodTwins aged 20–47 years from the Swedish Twin Registry (n=24 119) answered questions to establish lifetime alcohol use disorders. Subjects with alcoholism were classified for subtype. Structural equation modeling was used to quantify the proportion of phenotypic variance due to genetic and environmental factors and test whether heritability in women differed from that in men. The association between childhood trauma and alcoholism was then examined in females, controlling for background familial factors.ResultsLifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence was 4.9% in women and 8.6% in men. Overall, heritability for alcohol dependence was 55%, and did not differ significantly between men and women, although women had a significantly greater heritability for late onset (type I). Childhood physical trauma and sexual abuse had a stronger association with early onset compared to late onset alcoholism [odds ratio (OR) 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–3.88 and OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.38–3.79 respectively]. Co-twin analysis indicated that familial factors largely accounted for the influence of physical trauma whereas the association with childhood sexual abuse reflected both familial and specific effects.ConclusionsHeritability of alcoholism in women is similar to that in men. Early onset alcoholism is strongly association with childhood trauma, which seems to be both a marker of familial background factors and a specific individual risk factor per se.

scholarly journals Early Onset of Puberty: Tracking Genetic and Environmental Factors

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Simone Parent ◽  
Gregory Rasier ◽  
Arlette Gerard ◽  
Sabine Heger ◽  
Christian Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

scholarly journals Heritability of Type 2 Diabetes in the Washington State Twin Registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ally R. Avery ◽  
Glen E. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Twin Registry ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Adult Twins

AbstractApproximately 12% of U.S. adults have type 2 diabetes (T2D). Diagnosed T2D is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors including age and lifestyle. In adults 45 years and older, the Discordant Twin (DISCOTWIN) consortium of twin registries from Europe and Australia showed a moderate-to-high contribution of genetic factors of T2D with a pooled heritability of 72%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of genetic and environmental factors of T2D in twins 45 years and older in a U.S. twin cohort (Washington State Twin Registry, WSTR) and compare the estimates to the DISCOTWIN consortium. We also compared these estimates with twins under the age of 45. Data were obtained from 2692 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs over 45 and 4217 twin pairs under 45 who responded to the question ‘Has a doctor ever diagnosed you with (type 2) diabetes?’ Twin similarity was analyzed using both tetrachoric correlations and structural equation modeling. Overall, 9.4% of MZ and 14.7% of DZ twins over the age of 45 were discordant for T2D in the WSTR, compared to 5.1% of MZ and 8% of DZ twins in the DISCOTWIN consortium. Unlike the DISCOTWIN consortium in which heritability was 72%, heritability was only 52% in the WSTR. In twins under the age of 45, heritability did not contribute to the variance in T2D. In a U.S. sample of adult twins, environmental factors appear to be increasingly important in the development of T2D.

scholarly journals The Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease

Scientifica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that represents a growing global health crisis. Two major forms of the disease exist: early onset (familial) and late onset (sporadic). Early onset Alzheimer’s is rare, accounting for less than 5% of disease burden. It is inherited in Mendelian dominant fashion and is caused by mutations in three genes (APP,PSEN1, andPSEN2). Late onset Alzheimer’s is common among individuals over 65 years of age. Heritability of this form of the disease is high (79%), but the etiology is driven by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. A large number of genes have been implicated in the development of late onset Alzheimer’s. Examples that have been confirmed by multiple studies includeABCA7,APOE,BIN1,CD2AP,CD33,CLU,CR1,EPHA1,MS4A4A/MS4A4E/MS4A6E,PICALM, andSORL1. Despite tremendous progress over the past three decades, roughly half of the heritability for the late onset of the disease remains unidentified. Finding the remaining genetic factors that contribute to the development of late onset Alzheimer’s disease holds the potential to provide novel targets for treatment and prevention, leading to the development of effective strategies to combat this devastating disease.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EARLY ONSET AND LATE ONSET ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE PATIENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (57) ◽  
pp. 3908-3912
Author(s):  
Karthik M S ◽  
Prabhu N ◽  
Subashini V ◽  
Balakrishnan R ◽  
Sathianathan R
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset

scholarly journals Stigma as a barrier to addressing childhood trauma in conversation with trauma survivors: A study in the general population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258782
Author(s):  
Georg Schomerus ◽  
Stephanie Schindler ◽  
Theresia Rechenberg ◽  
Tobias Gfesser ◽  
Hans J. Grabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
Negative Stereotypes

Victims of childhood trauma report shame and anticipation of stigma, leading to non-disclosure and avoidance of help. Stigma is potentially aggravating the mental health consequences of childhood trauma. So far there is no comprehensive study examining stigma toward adult survivors of various forms of childhood trauma, and it is unclear whether stigma interferes with reaching out to affected individuals. In a vignette study based on a representative sample of the German general population (N = 1320; 47.7% male) we randomly allocated participants to brief case vignettes pertaining to past childhood sexual/physical abuse or accidents, and adult physical abuse. Stigma was elicited by applying the Social Distance Scale, assessing respondents’ attitudes/stereotypes toward the persons in the vignette and their reluctance to address the specific trauma in conversation. While one aim was to establish the prevalence of stigma toward persons with CT, we hypothesized that attitudes differ according to type of trauma. Of the respondents, 45% indicated they were unlikely to reach out to a victim of childhood sexual abuse, 38% to a victim of childhood physical abuse, 31% to someone reporting a childhood accident and 25% to someone reporting adult physical abuse. Contrary to our expectations, childhood sexual abuse did not consistently elicit more stigma than childhood physical abuse in Krukall-Wallis tests. Equally, childhood interpersonal trauma did not consistently elicit more stigma than childhood accidental trauma. Structural equation modeling revealed social distance as mediator of the relationship between negative stereotypes and reluctance to address childhood trauma in conversation. Our analyses further revealed an ambiguous role of negative stereotypes in addressing childhood trauma in conversation with trauma victims, which has yet to be examined. There is evidence for stigma associated with having survived childhood trauma, which is interfering with offering help.

Genetic and environmental factors in late onset dementia: possible role for early parental death

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Whalley ◽  
Roger T. Staff ◽  
Alison D. Murray ◽  
Ian J. Deary ◽  
John M. Starr
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Parental Death ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Late Onset Dementia

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Study of Psychiatric Comorbidity and Severity of Addiction in Patients with Early- and Late-Onset Alcohol Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Anamika Das ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar ◽  
Pawan Kumar Gupta ◽  
Pronob Kumar Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Addiction Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Addiction Severity ◽  
Onset Group ◽  
Early Onset Group

Background: Alcohol use disorder is a serious health problem with high comorbidities. Early-onset alcohol use has been associated with greater impulsivity, increased severity of dependence, frequent alcohol withdrawal complications, externalizing symptoms, and antisocial behaviors. We aimed to evaluate the psychiatric comorbidities and severity of addiction in early- and late-onset alcohol dependence. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. All patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of alcohol dependence as per International Classification of Diseases (10th edition) were included in it. Semi-Structured Assessment for Genetics of Alcoholism IV was applied to find the age of onset of dependence as per the lifetime frame and also to find comorbidities. Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. was used to find other comorbidities. The severity of addiction was evaluated with Addiction Severity Index, 5th edition. All the sociodemographic and clinical parameters were compared between patients with the early- and late-onset alcohol dependence. Results: Out of the 112 patients screened, 57 met the selection criteria, 26 were with early-onset and 31 with late-onset alcohol dependence. The patients were all males. The patients with early-onset alcohol dependence had a higher family history (P = 0.006) and were nonearning (P = 0.002) in comparison to the group with late-onset dependence. The comorbidity among all patients was 59.6% and 84.2% in current and lifetime frames, respectively. It was significantly higher in the early-onset group, both for current (P = 0.015) and lifetime (P = 0.031) frames. On the domains of Addiction Severity Index 5th edition, the early-onset group had a more severe profile of addiction in all domains except the medical domain. Conclusion: Comorbidity is high among patients with alcohol dependence and is even higher for the early-onset group. The family history was higher in the early-onset group and they have more severe profile of substance use.

Late onset alcoholism

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Wetterling ◽  
Clemens Veltrup ◽  
Ulrich John ◽  
Martin Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Icd 10

AbstractRather high prevalence rates of alcohol abuse in the elderly have been reported in the literature. However, there is some evidence that many elderly persons with alcohol problems are not identified, probably due to the nonspecificity of alcohol-related presentations in old individuals. Thus, there is an ongoing discussion on appropriate diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence in elder people who frequently begin to abuse alcohol in late life. This study was aimed to explore whether alcoholics with late onset (beginning after the age of 45) differ from those with an early onset (prior the age of 25). Two hundred and sixty eight subjects consecutively referred to a ward of a general hospital specialized for alcohol detoxification were divided into three groups by the age at onset of harmful alcohol consumption. The duration of harmful drinking was rather similar in all groups. However, alcohol dependence according to the ICD-10 criteria (three or more have to be fulfilled) was diagnosed in 94.1% of the alcoholics with an early onset (≤ 25 years), but only in 62.2% of those with late onset (P < 0.0001). Significant differences between these groups were found for the following criteria: preoccupation with drinking (P < 0.0001), impaired capacity to control drinking (P < 0.01), strong desire to drink alcohol (P < 0.01), and a trend towards a lower rate of lifetime psychiatric comorbidity. The alcoholics with late onset reported fewer previous detoxifications and a lower actual alcohol consumption. Moreover, they showed a higher rate of abstinence in the 12 month follow-up. Regarding the difficulties in comparing groups of different ages at onset of harmful alcohol use our results suggest that the alcoholics with late onset differ in many ways from those with early onset.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental aspects in the association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and binge-eating behavior in adults: a twin study

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 2866-2878 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Capusan ◽  
S. Yao ◽  
R. Kuja-Halkola ◽  
C. M. Bulik ◽  
L. M. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Adult Twins

BackgroundPrior research demonstrated that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with binge-eating behavior, binge-eating disorder (BED), and bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of this study was to investigate these associations in an adult twin population, and to determine the extent to which ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior share genetic and environmental factors.MethodsWe used self-reports of current ADHD symptoms and lifetime binge-eating behavior and associated characteristics from a sample of over 18 000 adult twins aged 20–46 years, from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to examine the association between ADHD and lifetime binge-eating behavior, BED, and BN. Structural equation modeling was used in 13 773 female twins to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the association between ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior in female adult twins.ResultsADHD symptoms were significantly associated with lifetime binge-eating behavior, BED, and BN. The heritability estimate for current ADHD symptoms was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41–0.44], and for lifetime binge-eating behavior 0.65 (95% CI 0.54–0.74). The genetic correlation was estimated as 0.35 (95% CI 0.25–0.46) and the covariance between ADHD and binge-eating behavior was primarily explained by genetic factors (91%). Non-shared environmental factors explained the remaining part of the covariance.ConclusionsThe association between adult ADHD symptoms and binge-eating behavior in females is largely explained by shared genetic risk factors.

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