scholarly journals Increased risk of mortality associated with social isolation in older men: only when feeling lonely? Results from the Amsterdam Study of the Elderly (AMSTEL)

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Holwerda ◽  
A. T. F. Beekman ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
M. L. Stek ◽  
T. G. van Tilburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundLoneliness has a significant influence on both physical and mental health. Few studies have investigated the possible associations of loneliness with mortality risk, impact on men and women and whether this impact concerns the situation of being alone (social isolation), experiencing loneliness (feeling lonely) or both. The current study investigated whether social isolation and feelings of loneliness in older men and women were associated with increased mortality risk, controlling for depression and other potentially confounding factors.MethodIn our prospective cohort study of 4004 older persons aged 65–84 years with a 10-year follow-up of mortality data a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to test whether social isolation factors and feelings of loneliness predicted an increased risk of mortality, controlling for psychiatric disorders and medical conditions, cognitive functioning, functional status and sociodemographic factors.ResultsAt 10 years follow-up, significantly more men than women with feelings of loneliness at baseline had died. After adjustment for explanatory variables including social isolation, the mortality hazard ratio for feelings of loneliness was 1.30 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.63] in men and 1.04 (95% CI 0.90–1.24) in women. No higher risk of mortality was found for social isolation.ConclusionsFeelings of loneliness rather than social isolation factors were found to be a major risk factor for increasing mortality in older men. Developing a better understanding of the nature of this association may help us to improve quality of life and longevity, especially in older men.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality attributable to loneliness in older Swedish men and women.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuma Novak ◽  
Margda waern ◽  
Lena Johansson ◽  
Anna Zettergren ◽  
Lina Ryden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Background. This study examined whether loneliness predicts cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Methods. Baseline data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, collected during 2000 on 70-year-olds born 1930 and living in Gothenburg were used for analysis (n=524). Mortality data were analyzed until 2012 through Swedish national registers. Results. Perceived loneliness was reported by 17.1% of the men and 30.9% of the women in a face-to-face interview with mental health professional. A total of 142 participants died during the 12-year follow-up period, with 5 334 person-years at risk, corresponding to 26.6 deaths/1000 person-years. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 59.2% of all deaths. The cumulative rates/1000 person-years for cardiovascular mortality were 20.8 (men) and 11.5 (women), and for all-cause mortality 33.8 (men) and 20.5 (women), respectively. In Cox regression models, no significant increased risk of mortality was seen for men with loneliness compared to men without loneliness (cardiovascular mortality HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.78 - 2.96; all-cause HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.77 - 2.28). Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed in women with loneliness compared to those without (HR 2.25 95% CI 1.14 - 4.45), and the risk remained significant in a multivariable-adjusted model (HR 2.42 95% CI 1.04 - 5.65). Conclusions. Loneliness was shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in women. We found no evidence to indicate that loneliness was associated with an increased risk of either cardiovascular- or all-cause mortality in men.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality attributable to loneliness in older Swedish men and women

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuma Novak ◽  
Margda Waern ◽  
Lena Johansson ◽  
Anna Zettergren ◽  
Lina Ryden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Background This study examined whether loneliness predicts cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Methods Baseline data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, collected during 2000 on 70-year-olds born 1930 and living in Gothenburg were used for analysis (n = 524). Mortality data were analyzed until 2012 through Swedish national registers. Results Perceived loneliness was reported by 17.1% of the men and 30.9% of the women in a face-to-face interview with mental health professional. A total of 142 participants died during the 12-year follow-up period, with 5334 person-years at risk, corresponding to 26.6 deaths/1000 person-years. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 59.2% of all deaths. The cumulative rates/1000 person-years for cardiovascular mortality were 20.8 (men) and 11.5 (women), and for all-cause mortality 33.8 (men) and 20.5 (women), respectively. In Cox regression models, no significant increased risk of mortality was seen for men with loneliness compared to men without loneliness (cardiovascular mortality HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.78–2.96; all-cause HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.77–2.28). Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed in women with loneliness compared to those without (HR 2.25 95% CI 1.14–4.45), and the risk remained significant in a multivariable-adjusted model (HR 2.42 95% CI 1.04–5.65). Conclusions Loneliness was shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in women. We found no evidence to indicate that loneliness was associated with an increased risk of either cardiovascular- or all-cause mortality in men.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality attributable to loneliness in older Swedish men and women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuma Novak ◽  
Margda waern ◽  
Lena Johansson ◽  
Anna Zettergren ◽  
Lina Ryden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Background. This study examined whether loneliness predicts cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Methods. Baseline data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, collected during 2000 on 70-year-olds born 1930 and living in Gothenburg were used for analysis (n=524). Mortality data was analyzed until 2012 through Swedish national registers. Results. Perceived loneliness was reported by 17.1% of the men and 30.9% of the women in a face-to-face interview with mental health professional. A total of 142 participants died during the 12-year follow-up period, with 5 334 person-years at risk, corresponding to 26.6 deaths/1000 person-years. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 59.2% of all deaths. The cumulative rates/1000 person-years for cardiovascular mortality were 20.8 (men) and 11.5 (women), and for all-cause mortality 33.8 (men) and 20.5 (women), respectively. In Cox regression models, no significant increased risk of mortality was seen for men with loneliness compared to men without loneliness (cardiovascular mortality HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.78 - 2.96; all-cause HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.77 - 2.28). Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed in women with loneliness compared to those without (HR 2.25 95% CI 1.14 - 4.45), and the risk remained significant in a multivariable-adjusted model (HR 2.42 95% CI 1.04 - 5.65). Conclusions. Loneliness was shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in women. We found no evidence to indicate that loneliness was associated with an increased risk of either cardiovascular- or all-cause mortality in men.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality attributable to loneliness in older Swedish men and women.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masuma Novak ◽  
Margda waern ◽  
Lena Johansson ◽  
Anna Zettergren ◽  
Lina Ryden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Background. This study examined whether loneliness predicts cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Methods. Baseline data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, collected during 2000 on 70-year-olds born 1930 and living in Gothenburg were used for analysis (n=524). Mortality data were analyzed until 2012 through Swedish national registers. Results. Perceived loneliness was reported by 17.1% of the men and 30.9% of the women in a face-to-face interview with mental health professional. A total of 142 participants died during the 12-year follow-up period, with 5 334 person-years at risk, corresponding to 26.6 deaths/1000 person-years. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 59.2% of all deaths. The cumulative rates/1000 person-years for cardiovascular mortality were 20.8 (men) and 11.5 (women), and for all-cause mortality 33.8 (men) and 20.5 (women), respectively. In Cox regression models, no significant increased risk of mortality was seen for men with loneliness compared to men without loneliness (cardiovascular mortality HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.78 - 2.96; all-cause HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.77 - 2.28). Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed in women with loneliness compared to those without (HR 2.25 95% CI 1.14 - 4.45), and the risk remained significant in a multivariable-adjusted model (HR 2.42 95% CI 1.04 - 5.65). Conclusions. Loneliness was shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in women. We found no evidence to indicate that loneliness was associated with an increased risk of either cardiovascular- or all-cause mortality in men.

scholarly journals Anxiety and the risk of death in older men and women

2004 ◽  
Vol 185 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hein P. J. van Hout ◽  
Aartjan T. F. Beekman ◽  
Edwin De Beurs ◽  
Hannie Comijs ◽  
Harm Van Marwijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Older Men And Women

BackgroundThere are inconsistent reports as to whether people with anxiety disorders have a higher mortality risk.AimsTo determine whether anxiety disorders predict mortality in older men and women in the community Method Longitudinal data were used from a large, community-based random sample (n=3107) of older men and women (55–85 years) in The Netherlands, with a follow-up period of 7.5 years. Anxiety disorders were assessed according to DSM–III criteria in a two-stage screening design.ResultsIn men, the adjusted mortality risk was 1.78 (95% Cl 1.01–3.13) in cases with diagnosed anxiety disorders at baseline. In women, no significant association was found with mortality.ConclusionsThe study revealed a gender difference in the association between anxiety and mortality. For men, but not for women, an increased mortality risk was found for anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals 0048 The Association Between REM Sleep and Risk of Mortality in Three Independent Cohorts

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A19-A20
Author(s):  
E B Leary ◽  
K T Watson ◽  
S Ancoli-Israel ◽  
S Redline ◽  
K Yaffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Introduction Sleep disorders and sleep characteristics have been linked to higher risk of mortality. Despite the emerging evidence of a sleep-mortality association, the relationship between sleep architecture and mortality aren’t well understood. We hypothesize that reduced REM is associated with increased mortality risk. Methods The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study is a population-based study of 2,675 older men. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between %REM and mortality rate. Potential covariates were evaluated using 6-fold cross validation. Sensitivity analyses were performed to rule out alternative explanations. Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC) and Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) data were used to replicate the findings. Results The MrOS sample mean age was 76.3 years (SD=5.51) and the median follow-up time was 12.1 years. There was a 13% higher rate of mortality for every absolute 5% reduction in REM sleep (HR=1.13, 95%CI, 1.08–1.19) after adjusting for multiple demographic, sleep, and health covariates. The association persisted for cardiovascular disease-related mortality (CVD) (HR=1.18, 95%CI, 1.09–1.28), cancer-related mortality (HR=1.14, 95%CI, 1.03–1.26), and other mortality (HR=1.19, 95%CI, 1.10–1.28). The WSC included 45.7% women. The mean age of the 1,388 individuals analyzed was 51.5 (SD=8.5); the median follow-up time was 20.8 years. The effect size for 5% reduction in REM on rate of all-cause mortality was similar in this cohort despite the younger age, inclusion of women, and longer follow-up period (HR=1.17, 95%CI, 1.03–1.34). SHHS data is still being analyzed; however the unadjusted model is consistent with the other cohorts. Conclusion We found an association between reduced REM and mortality in two, possibly three independent cohorts, which persisted across different causes of death and multiple sensitivity analyses. Mechanistic studies are needed and strategies to preserve REM may influence clinical therapies and reduce mortality risk. Support NHLBI provides funding for the MrOS Sleep ancillary study “Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men” under grant numbers: R01 HL071194, R01 HL070848, R01 HL070847, R01 HL070842, R01 HL070841, R01 HL070837, R01 HL070838, and R01 HL070839. Wisconsin Sleep Cohort was supported by R01HL62252, RR03186, and R01AG14124 from the NIH. Dr. Redline was partially supported by NHLBI R35 HL135818.

Abstract MP96: Dysglycemia and Mortality in Older Adults With and Without Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Palta ◽  
Elbert S Huang ◽  
Rita R Kalyani ◽  
Sherita H Golden ◽  
Frederick L Brancati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Studies in middle-aged adults report higher levels of glycated hemoglobin are associated with increased risk of mortality in non-diabetic individuals. Few studies have sufficient data to assess this association in older adults. We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), Continuous NHANES (1999-2004), and their linked mortality data (through December 2006) to determine the risk of mortality by levels of HbA1c in older adults with and without diabetes. All analyses are weighted to represent the US population and to account for the complex survey design. Cox proportional hazard models examining the relationship between HbA1c and mortality were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, smoking status, HDL cholesterol and hypertension. At baseline, in 7,405 adults, age ≥65 with HbA1c data (42.9% men; 7.5% black; 2.4% Mexican; mean age 73.5 (0.13)), 22.8% had clinically diagnosed diabetes (defined as self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes and/or use of insulin or hypoglycemic medications). Over a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 4,625 participants (41.9%; 68.1 per 1000 person-years) died due to cardiovascular disease (CVD; n=1520) or non-CVD (n=3105). Non-diabetic older adults with a HbA1c between 5.7-6.4% (defined as “at risk for diabetes” by the American Diabetes Association) had a significantly greater risk of all-cause (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03-1.89) and non-CVD (HR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.13-2.13) mortality compared to those with HbA1c<5.0% (referent). In older diabetic adults, there was a graded increase in mortality risk with significant associations found between HbA1c and all-cause (HR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.13-3.28) and CVD (HR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.17-6.09) mortality, in analyses comparing participants with a HbA1c between 8.0-8.9% to those with HbA1c <6.5% (referent). These data from a large, nationally representative sample of older adults indicate that dysglycemia is associated with increased mortality risk in older adults with and without diabetes.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the predictive role of self-rated health on short-term risk of mortality among older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211666697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Pooled Sample

Objectives: Despite the well-established association between self-rated health and mortality, research findings have been inconsistent regarding how men and women differ on this link. Using a national sample in the United States, this study compared American male and female older adults for the predictive role of baseline self-rated health on the short-term risk of mortality. Methods: This longitudinal study followed 1500 older adults (573 men (38.2%) and 927 women (61.8%)) aged 66 years or older for 3 years from 2001 to 2004. The main predictor of interest was self-rated health, which was measured using a single item in 2001. The outcome was the risk of all-cause mortality during the 3-year follow-up period. Demographic factors (race and age), socio-economic factors (education and marital status), and health behaviors (smoking and drinking) were covariates. Gender was the focal moderator. We ran logistic regression models in the pooled sample and also stratified by gender, with self-rated health treated as either nominal variables, poor compared to other levels (i.e. fair, good, or excellent) or excellent compared to other levels (i.e. good, fair, or poor), or an ordinal variable. Results: In the pooled sample, baseline self-rated health predicted mortality risk, regardless of how the variable was treated. We found a significant interaction between gender and poor self-rated health, indicating a stronger effect of poor self-rated health on mortality risk for men compared to women. Gender did not interact with excellent self-rated health on mortality. Conclusion: Perceived poor self-rated health better reflects risk of mortality over a short period of time for older men compared to older women. Clinicians may need to take poor self-rated health of older men very seriously. Future research should test whether the differential predictive validity of self-rated health based on gender is due to a different meaning of poor self-rated health for older men and women and whether poor self-rated health reflects different health statuses based on gender.

scholarly journals Healthy behaviours and risk of all-cause mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lahti ◽  
E Mauramo ◽  
E Lahelma ◽  
T Lallukka ◽  
O Pietiläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
A Value ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Healthy Behaviour

Abstract Introduction Healthy behaviours are associated with better health in general but less is known about the combined associations of multiple healthy behaviours with mortality risk. We aimed to examine the associations of combined healthy behaviours with mortality risk over a 15-year follow-up among middle-aged employees. Methods Survey data, collected in 2000–2002 among 40–60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, was linked with complete register data on mortality from Statistics Finland (response rate 67%, written informed consent for register linkages 74%). Healthy behaviours included high leisure-time physical activity, non-smoking, no binge drinking and healthy food habits. Each healthy behaviour were dichotomized and assigned a value of one for healthy and zero for unhealthy. The number of healthy behaviours were summed together (score range 0-4). Cox regression models were fitted, and the follow-up continued until the end of 2015 (n = 6336). Confounders included age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic position and self-rated health. Results Of the respondents, 7% reported four healthy behaviours, 27% three, 34% two, 22% one and 9% no healthy behaviours. A total of 281 deaths occurred during the follow-up. Each healthy behaviour was individually associated with a reduced mortality risk, non-smoking having the strongest and healthy diet the weakest association. The combined association showed that those without any of the healthy behaviours (HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.51-5.29) and those with only one healthy behaviour (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04-3.43) had a higher mortality risk than those with four healthy behaviours. Instead, those with at least two healthy behaviours were not at an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions A low number of healthy behaviours predicted mortality among middle-aged employees. Efforts should be made to promote multiple healthy behaviours among the middle-aged to enhance health and prevent premature mortality. Key messages Almost one third of the respondents had no or only one healthy behaviour. A low number of healthy behaviours was associated with an increased risk of mortality.

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