Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and internalizing disorders in offspring

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1417-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Meier ◽  
K. J. Plessen ◽  
F. Verhulst ◽  
O. Mors ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

BackgroundMaternal smoking has consistently been associated with multiple adverse childhood outcomes including externalizing disorders. In contrast the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) and internalizing (anxiety and depressive) disorders in offspring has received less investigation.MethodWe conducted a nationwide cohort study including 957635 individuals born in Denmark between 1991 and 2007. Data on MSDP and diagnoses of depression or anxiety disorders were derived from national registers and patients were followed up from the age of 5 years to the end of 2012. Hazard rate ratios (HRRs) were estimated using stratified Cox regression models. Sibling data were used to disentangle individual- and familial-level effects of MSDP and to control for unmeasured familial confounding.ResultsAt the population level, offspring exposed to MSDP were at increased risk for both severe depression [HRR 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.36] and severe anxiety disorders (HRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.20–1.32) even when controlling for maternal and paternal traits. However, there was no association between MSDP and internalizing disorders when controlling for the mother's propensity for MSDP (depression: HRR 1.11, 95% CI 0.94–1.30; anxiety disorders: HRR 0.94, 95% CI 0.80–1.11) or comparing differentially exposed siblings (depression: HRR 1.18, 95% CI 0.75–1.89; anxiety disorders: HRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.55–1.36).ConclusionsThe results suggest that familial background factors account for the association between MSDP and severe internalizing disorders not the specific exposure to MSDP.

Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and ADHD: Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1637-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Li-Hua Zhu ◽  
Ling-Ling Hua ◽  
Fang-Fang Ke
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Objective: Findings on maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD risk in children are inconsistent. A meta-analysis was performed to summarize effects of exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy on ADHD risk in children. Method: We conducted a systematic literature search to select articles up to June 2016. Only prospective cohort studies were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Pooled RR estimates based on 12 cohort studies including 17,304 pregnant women suggested that maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of ADHD (pooled RR = 1.58, 95% CI = [1.33, 1.88]). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that maternal smoking during pregnancy is related to an increased risk of ADHD in children. There is an urgent need to increase maternal awareness of smoking risk and quitting smoking to mitigate the ADHD risk in children.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and early development of overweight and growth deficit in children: an analysis of survival

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca ◽  
Carolina Abreu de Carvalho ◽  
Vitória Abreu de Carvalho ◽  
Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro ◽  
Silvia Eloiza Priore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Acyclic Graphs ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Smoking ◽  
Growth Deficit

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between smoking during pregnancy and nutritional status. Methods: cohort study with a sample of 460 children in the baseline. The children were assessed four times, being measured for weight and length to be converted in indexes length forage (L/A) and body mass index forage (BMI/A) in Z-score. The time until occurrence of growth deficit and overweight was calculated in days and compared to maternal smoking during pregnancy. To assess the association between smoking during pregnancy and the outcomes, a Hazard Ratio by Cox regression was obtained, adjusting by confounding variables selected from Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG). Results: the time until occurrence of growth deficit and overweight was lower in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy was a risk factor for length deficit (HR = 2.84; CI95% = 1.42 to 5.70) and for overweight (HR = 1.96; CI95% = 1, 09 to 3.53), even after the adjustment. Conclusions: maternal smoking was a changeable factor associated with anthropometric outcomes, which demonstrates the need for actions to combat smoking during pregnancy in order to prevent early nutritional deviations.

scholarly journals 889Association of maternal smoking during pregnancy and early-childhood with adult insomnia symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Adama Melaku ◽  
Sarah Appleton ◽  
Amy Reynolds ◽  
Tiffany Gill ◽  
Alexander M Sweetman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Background Evidence regarding the association between perinatal smoking and insomnia symptoms in adulthood is limited. Using the UK 1970 Birth Cohort Study, we determined the association of maternal smoking during pregnancy and early-childhood with insomnia symptoms at 42 years. Methods Participants were followed from birth (1970; N = 9020; male, 48%) and age 5 (1975; N = 8050; male, 47.9%) to 42 years (2012). Data on maternal smoking was collected at birth and age 5; difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep (DIMS) and DIMS plus daytime symptoms (tiredness, irritability, depression and nervousness) [DIMS plus] at age 42. We used a direct acyclic graph to select confounders. A log-binomial logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, was used to estimate the association. Missing data were imputed via multiple imputation. Results The prevalence of DIMS and DIMS plus was 32% and 25%, respectively. There was a 25% [odds ratio (OR)=1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.38)] and 23% [OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09-1.38] increase in odds of DIMS and DIMS plus among participants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy compared to those whose mother did not. A 24% [OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12-1.37] and 18% [OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05-1.33] increase in odds of DIMS and DIMS plus respectively, was observed among participants who had smoking mothers at age 5. Intensity and duration of smoking had a dose-response relationship with insomnia symptoms. Conclusions Maternal smoking during pregnancy and early-childhood is associated with increased risk of adult insomnia symptoms. Key messages This study suggests that reducing maternal smoking may reduce the risk of adult insomnia.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Miyake ◽  
Megumi Kushima ◽  
Ryoji Shinohara ◽  
Sayaka Horiuchi ◽  
Sanae Otawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Established Risk Factor ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Maternal Smoking

Abstract Background Maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy is an established risk factor for childhood asthma, but the association between maternal pre-pregnancy smoking status and asthma risk is not well understood. This study examined the association between maternal smoking status before and during pregnancy and bronchial asthma at 3 years of age. Methods The data of 75,411 mother-child pairs, excluding the missing data of exposure and outcomes from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) were used. The association between prenatal maternal smoking status and the risk of bronchial asthma at 3 years of age was determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The percentage of 3-year-old children with doctor-diagnosed bronchial asthma was 7.2%. The distribution of maternal smoking status before childbirth was as follows: Never = 60.0%, Quit before recognizing current pregnancy = 24.1%, Quit after finding out current pregnancy = 12.3%, and Still smoking = 3.6%. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of bronchial asthma at 3 years of age even after adjusting for pre- and postnatal covariates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.57). Furthermore, mothers who quit before recognizing current pregnancy (aOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.18) or who quit after finding out about current pregnancy (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.23) were also significantly associated. Conclusions This study suggested that not only maternal smoking during pregnancy but also maternal smoking exposure of pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of bronchial asthma in children.

Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and the Risk for Childhood Infectious Diseases in the Offspring: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Dan ◽  
Eyal Sheiner ◽  
Tamar Wainstock ◽  
Kyla Marks ◽  
Roy Kessous
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Infectious Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

Objective Infectious diseases account for up to 43% of childhood hospitalizations. Given the magnitude of infection-related hospitalizations, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the risk for long-term childhood infectious morbidity. Study Design This is a population-based cohort analysis comparing the long-term risk for infectious diseases, in children born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy versus those who did not. Infectious diseases were predefined based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Deliveries occurred between the years 1991 and 2014. Results A total of 246,854 newborns met the inclusion criteria; 2,986 (1.2%) were born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Offspring of smokers had significantly higher risk for several infectious diseases during childhood (upper respiratory tract, otitis, viral infections, and bronchitis) as well as increased risk for total infection-related hospitalizations (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–1.7; p = 0.001). Cumulative incidence of infection-related hospitalizations was significantly higher in offspring of smokers (log-rank test, p = 0.001). Controlling for maternal age, diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and gestational age at index delivery, smoking remained an independent risk factor for infectious diseases during childhood (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3–1.6; p = 0.001). Conclusion Intrauterine exposure to maternal smoking may create an environment leading to an increased future risk for long-term pediatric infectious morbidity of the offspring.

scholarly journals Ενδομήτρια έκθεση στον καπνό του τσιγάρου, κίνδυνος εκδήλωσης σχιζοφρένειας και βαρύτητα αρνητικών/θετικών συμπτωμάτων

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστασία Σταθοπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Paternal Smoking ◽  
Normal Controls

Prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke causes chronic fetal hypoxia, dysregulation of endocrineequilibrium, and disruption of fetal neurodevelopment associated with brain malfunction, all of whichpotentially could induce vulnerability to schizophrenia. A total of 212 schizophrenia patients aged 14-30 years, and 212 matched controls were studied. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure of theschizophrenia patients was compared to that of the normal controls by applying logistic regressionanalysis and controlling for several confounding factors The outcomes of interest were comparison ofthe frequency of maternal and paternal smoking between patients and controls as well as the severity ofpositive and negative symptoms between the offspring of smoking and nonsmoking parents.Furthermore, we investigated the relative frequency of subtypes of schizophrenia among offspring ofsmoking and non-smoking parent. Among the mothers of schizophrenia patients and controls, 92(43.4%) and 46 (21.7%) smoked, respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy had a significantunique contribution on increasing the risk for development of schizophrenia (p=0.001), and a greaterseverity of negative symptoms (p=0.023). Simultaneously, logistic regression analysis showed thatmaternal smoking during pregnancy had significantly unique contribution to increased risk for thedevelopment of schizophrenia with possible ratio = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.41-3.81, p = 0.001 and frequencyof non-paranoid subtypes as potential ratio = 2.94,95% CI = 1.50-5.76, p = 0.002. Paternal smokingdid not have a significant effect on the risk of schizophrenia, or severity of negative symptoms. Thefindings suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy puts offspring at an increased risk for laterschizophrenia, with increased severity of negative symptoms. Given the wide practice of smokingduring pregnancy, fetal exposure to tobacco smoke could be a major preventable neurodevelopmentalfactor that increases vulnerability to schizophrenia.

Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on congenital anomalies: Results from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Tsuchida ◽  
Kei Hamazaki ◽  
Mika Kigawa ◽  
Tomomi Tanaka ◽  
Mika Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Tobacco smoke contains over 7,000 chemical compounds, tobacco smoking is a possible risk factor of congenital anomalies (CAs). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and CAs in children. Drawing data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), gathered between January 2011 and March 2014, 91,626 pregnant Japanese women were included. Results Of 91,626 subjects examined, 2.4% (2,183) of their infants had “any CAs.” By smoking behavior; 1,256 (57.5%), 523 (23.9%), 271 (12.4%), and 136 (6.2%) subjects were in the “never smoked,” “quit before pregnancy,” “quit after pregnancy,” and “still smoking” groups, respectively. The odds ratios (OR) for any CAs were not significant when “quit before pregnancy,” or “quit after pregnancy,” groups were compared to the “never smoked” group. However, upon comparing “never smoked” group with the “still smoking” group regarding “any CAs,” the OR was significant (OR 1.38, 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.69, p=0.002). This study showed association between smoking continuation during pregnancy and an increased risk of CAs. This study results may be used as the basis for recommending anti-smoking education for pregnant women, and younger yet-to-become pregnant women.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Wheezing and Overweight in 4–6-Year-Old Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Grazuleviciene ◽  
Sandra Andrusaityte ◽  
Inga Uzdanaviciute ◽  
Jolanta Kudzyte ◽  
Rimantas Kevalas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To investigate the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy, second-hand tobacco smoke (STS) exposure, education level, and preschool children’s wheezing and overweight.Methods. This cohort study used data of the KANC cohort—1,489 4–6-year-old children from Kaunas city, Lithuania. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to study the influence of prenatal and postnatal STS exposure on the prevalence of wheezing and overweight, controlling for potential confounders.Results. Children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy had a slightly increased prevalence of wheezing and overweight. Postnatal exposure to STS was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of wheezing and overweight in children born to mothers with lower education levels (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.04–4.35 and 3.57; 95% CI 1.76–7.21, accordingly).Conclusions. The present study findings suggest that both maternal smoking during pregnancy and STS increase the risk of childhood wheezing and overweight, whereas lower maternal education might have a synergetic effect. Targeted interventions must to take this into account and address household smoking.

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