Psychosocial functioning among regular cannabis users with and without cannabis use disorder

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, cannabis accessibility has continued to rise as the perception of its harmfulness has decreased. Only about 30% of regular cannabis users develop cannabis use disorder (CUD), but it is unclear if individuals who use cannabis regularly without ever developing CUD experience notable psychosocial impairment across the lifespan. Therefore, psychosocial functioning was compared across regular cannabis users with or without CUD and a non-user control group during adolescence (age 17; early risk) and young adulthood (ages 18–25; peak CUD prevalence).MethodWeekly cannabis users with CUD (n = 311), weekly users without CUD (n = 111), and non-users (n = 996) were identified in the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Groups were compared on alcohol and illicit drug use, psychiatric problems, personality, and social functioning at age 17 and from ages 18 to 25. Self-reported cannabis use and problem use were independently verified using co-twin informant report.ResultsIn both adolescence and young adulthood, non-CUD users reported significantly higher levels of substance use problems and externalizing behaviors than non-users, but lower levels than CUD users. High agreement between self- and co-twin informant reports confirmed the validity of self-reported cannabis use problems.ConclusionsEven in the absence of CUD, regular cannabis use was associated with psychosocial impairment in adolescence and young adulthood. However, regular users with CUD endorsed especially high psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial impairment. The need for early prevention and intervention – regardless of CUD status – was highlighted by the presence of these patterns in adolescence.

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Increased S100B Levels in Cannabis Use Disorder

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000442046 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 177-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huseyin Bayazit ◽

Erdinc Cicek ◽

Salih Selek ◽

Nurten Aksoy ◽

I. Fatih Karababa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Binding ◽

Neuronal Damage ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

S100b Protein ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Protein Levels ◽

S100 Calcium Binding Protein ◽

The Mean

Background: It has been determined that cannabis has adverse effects on brain tissue, and that increased S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) blood levels are markers of neuronal damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the S100B levels in cannabis use disorder. Method: Thirty-two patients with cannabis use disorder and 31 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Appropriate blood samples were taken from the enrolled subjects, and the serum S100B protein levels were measured with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the quantification of the protein. Findings: We found significantly increased S100B protein levels in patients with cannabis use disorder. The mean serum concentration of S100B was 0.081 ± 0.018 μg/l in patients with cannabis use disorder, and 0.069 ± 0.018 μg/l in the control group (p = 0.008). Interpretation: Our data suggest that elevated S100B protein levels might indicate neuronal damage in the brains of people with cannabis use disorder.

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The association between cannabis use disorder and the outcome following primary total hip arthroplasty

The Bone & Joint Journal ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.103b7.bjj-2020-2424.r1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 103-B (7 Supple B) ◽

pp. 111-115

Author(s):

Rushabh M. Vakharia ◽

Angelo Mannino ◽

Hytham S. Salem ◽

Martin W. Roche ◽

Che Hang J. Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Hip Arthroplasty ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Medical Complications ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Total Hip ◽

Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Aims Although there is increasing legalization of the use of cannabis in the USA, few well-powered studies have evaluated the association between cannabis use disorder and outcomes following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether patients who use cannabis and undergo primary THA have higher rates of in-hospital length of stay (LOS), medical complications, implant-related complications, and costs. Methods Using an administrative database, patients with cannabis use disorder undergoing primary THA were matched to a control group in a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and various medical comorbidities. This yielded 23,030 patients (3,842 in the study group matched with 19,188 in the control group). The variables which were studied included LOS, 90-day medical complications, two-year implant-related complications, and 90-day costs of care. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare LOS and costs. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of developing complications. Results We found that patients in the study group had a significantly longer mean LOS compared with the controls (four days vs three days; p < 0.0001).The study group also had a significantly higher incidence and odds of developing medical (23.0 vs 9.8%, OR 1.6; p < 0.0001) and implant-related complications (16 vs 7.4%, OR 1.6; p < 0.0001) and incurred significantly higher mean 90-day costs ($16,938.00 vs $16,023.00; p < 0.0001). Conclusion With the increasing rates of cannabis use, these findings allow orthopaedic surgeons and other healthcare professionals to counsel patients with cannabis use disorder about the possible outcomes following their THA, with increased hospital stays, complications, and costs. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):111–115.

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Time since first cannabis use and 12‐month prevalence of cannabis use disorder among youth and emerging adults in the United States

Addiction ◽

10.1111/add.14511 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 698-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Beth Han ◽

Wilson M. Compton ◽

Carlos Blanco ◽

Christopher M. Jones

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

The United States ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder

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Serum Proteomic Analysis of Cannabis Use Disorder in Male Patients

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26175311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (17) ◽

pp. 5311

Author(s):

Fawaz Alasmari ◽

Sary Alsanea ◽

Assim A. Alfadda ◽

Ibrahim O. Alanazi ◽

Mohthash Musambil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Farnesoid X Receptor ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Control Group ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽

Healthy Control

Cannabis use has been growing recently and it is legally consumed in many countries. Cannabis has a variety of phytochemicals including cannabinoids, which might impair the peripheral systems responses affecting inflammatory and immunological pathways. However, the exact signaling pathways that induce these effects need further understanding. The objective of this study is to investigate the serum proteomic profiling in patients diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (CUD) as compared with healthy control subjects. The novelty of our study is to highlight the differentially changes proteins in the serum of CUD patients. Certain proteins can be targeted in the future to attenuate the toxicological effects of cannabis. Blood samples were collected from 20 male individuals: 10 healthy controls and 10 CUD patients. An untargeted proteomic technique employing two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was employed in this study to assess the differentially expressed proteins. The proteomic analysis identified a total of 121 proteins that showed significant changes in protein expression between CUD patients (experimental group) and healthy individuals (control group). For instance, the serum expression of inactive tyrosine protein kinase PEAK1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 were increased in CUD group. In contrast, the serum expression of transthyretin and serotransferrin were reduced in CUD group. Among these proteins, 55 proteins were significantly upregulated and 66 proteins significantly downregulated in CUD patients as compared with healthy control group. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) found that these differentially expressed proteins are linked to p38MAPK, interleukin 12 complex, nuclear factor-κB, and other signaling pathways. Our work indicates that the differentially expressed serum proteins between CUD and control groups are correlated to liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (RXR), farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation, and acute phase response signaling.

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P011 Prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Hospitalizations in the United States and Effect on Length of Stay

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.14309/01.ajg.0000798644.60076.bb ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. S3-S3

Author(s):

Wang Yize Richard

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

The United States ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Cannabis Use Disorder ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

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Kannabiszszármazékok használatának gyakorisága gyulladásos bélbetegségben

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2021.32021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 162 (12) ◽

pp. 443-448

Author(s):

Gábor Xantus ◽

V. Anna Gyarmathy

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

English Language ◽

Pain Perception ◽

The United States ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Összefoglaló. Gyulladásos bélbetegségben (IBD) a fájdalomérzés komplex szomatikus és pszichés jelenség. Ez utóbbi komponens pontosabb megértése segíthet a megfelelő kezelési stratégia megállapításában. A szorongásos hangulati zavarok és egyes maladaptív viselkedési minták (dohányzás és alkoholfogyasztás) előfordulási gyakorisága jól dokumentált IBD-ben, a kannabiszhasználat hatása ugyanakkor kevésbé ismert. A szerzők szisztematikus áttekintést végeztek annak megértéséhez, hogy vajon magasabb-e a marihuánahasználat gyakorisága felnőtt IBD-s betegek között egészséges kontrollpopulációhoz viszonyítva, és ha igen, akkor melyek a szerhasználat legfontosabb jellemzői. A kutatási periódust szándékosan az elmúlt 7 évre korlátoztuk, ugyanis 2013-tól jelentős változások álltak be a kannabinoidok jogi és orvosi megítélésében az USA-ban. Öt elsődleges és több másodlagos adatbázisban kutattunk előre meghatározott kulcsszavak segítségével 2013 óta teljes szöveggel megjelent, angol nyelvű felnőtt IBD-s populációt vizsgáló epidemiológiai tanulmányok vonatkozásában. 143 rekord közül 7 cikk felelt meg a beválogatási kritériumoknak. Eredményeink szerint a kannabiszhasználat gyakorisága IBD-ben szenvedő felnőtt betegek körében valószínűleg magasabb, mint a kontrollpopulációban: a „valaha, bármikor” használók aránya 54–70% között változott (szemben a 46–60% gyakorisággal a kontrollcsoportban), míg az „aktív használók” esetén a gyakoriság 6,8–25% között változott (vs. a kontrollcsoportban tapasztalt 8,6–14%-kal). A prevalenciaadatok széles variabilitása arra utal, hogy a beválogatott epidemiológiai tanulmányok valószínűleg vagy nem voltak megfelelően tervezve, vagy jelentős heterogenitással bírtak. A pszichés tényezők ellentmondásos mintája azt sugallja, hogy a kannabinoidok egyes esetekben ronthatták, más esetben valószínűleg javították bizonyos prominens tünetek megélését. Javasoljuk ezért, hogy a valós prevalencia megállapítása érdekében a keresztmetszeti vizsgálatok mellé ismételt pszichometriai vizsgálatokon alapuló vizsgálatok is bekerüljenek a további kutatásba. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(12): 443–448. Summary. Pain perception in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is beyond a purely somatic process. In-depth understanding of psychologic elements might enable more effective management in this patient group. Anxiety disorders and certain maladaptive coping strategies like smoking and alcohol consumption are well-documented in IBD, unlike the scarcely researched cannabis use. The authors designed a systematic review, to investigate if the prevalence of cannabis use is higher in IBD that in unselected controls. The research window was intentionally set to cover for the past 7 years, as in 2013 major legislative changes took place in the cannabis decriminalisation process in the United States. 5 primary and several secondary databases were researched with a pre-formulated algorithm registered at PROSPERO for full text epidemiological studies published in English language involving adult IBD patients. Out of 143 records, 7 articles met the in/exclusion criteria. Our results suggest that cannabis use among adult patients with IBD is likely to be higher than in the unselected control population. The proportion of “ever” users varied from 54% to 70% (vs. 46–60% in the control group); and for ‘active users’, the prevalence ranged between 6.8% to 25% (vs. 8.6–14% in the control group). The wide variability in prevalence data suggests that the selected epidemiological studies were either inappropriately designed or were too heterogeneous (or both). The contradictory pattern of psychological factors suggests that cannabinoids might improve or worsen IBD depending on case by case basis. We therefore opine that in addition to cross-sectional papers, studies based on repeated psychometric analysis are needed to establish the real prevalence and inform cannabinoid prescription and holistic management in inflammatory bowel disease. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(12): 443–448.

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