scholarly journals Are changes in ADHD course reflected in differences in IQ and executive functioning from childhood to young adulthood?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Agnew-Blais ◽  
Guilherme V. Polanczyk ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Jasmin Wertz ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poorer cognitive functioning. We used a developmental, genetically-sensitive approach to examine intelligence quotient (IQ) from early childhood to young adulthood among those with different ADHD courses to investigate whether changes in ADHD were reflected in differences in IQ. We also examined executive functioning in childhood and young adulthood among different ADHD courses. Methods Study participants were part of the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a population-based birth cohort of 2232 twins. We assessed ADHD in childhood (ages 5, 7, 10 and 12) and young adulthood (age 18). We examined ADHD course as reflected by remission, persistence and late-onset. IQ was evaluated at ages 5, 12 and 18, and executive functioning at ages 5 and 18. Results ADHD groups showed deficits in IQ across development compared to controls; those with persistent ADHD showed the greatest deficit, followed by remitted and late-onset. ADHD groups did not differ from controls in developmental trajectory of IQ, suggesting changes in ADHD were not reflected in IQ. All ADHD groups performed more poorly on executive functioning tasks at ages 5 and 18; persisters and remitters differed only on an inhibitory control task at age 18. Conclusions Differences in ADHD course – persistence, remission and late-onset – were not directly reflected in changes in IQ. Instead, having ADHD at any point across development was associated with lower average IQ and poorer executive functioning. Our finding that individuals with persistent ADHD have poorer response inhibition than those who remitted requires replication.

scholarly journals NeuroSmog: Determining the Impact of Air Pollution on the Developing Brain: Project Protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Iana Markevych ◽  
Natasza Orlov ◽  
James Grellier ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczmarek-Majer ◽  
Małgorzata Lipowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) may affect neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. The mechanisms underlying these relationships are not currently known. We aim to assess whether PM affects the developing brains of schoolchildren in Poland, a country characterized by high levels of PM pollution. Children aged from 10 to 13 years (n = 800) are recruited to participate in this case–control study. Cases (children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)) are being recruited by field psychologists. Population-based controls are being sampled from schools. The study area comprises 18 towns in southern Poland characterized by wide-ranging levels of PM. Comprehensive psychological assessments are conducted to assess cognitive and social functioning. Participants undergo structural, diffusion-weighted, task, and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PM concentrations are estimated using land use regression models, incorporating information from air monitoring networks, dispersion models, and characteristics of roads and other land cover types. The estimated concentrations will be assigned to the prenatal and postnatal residential and preschool/school addresses of the study participants. We will assess whether long-term exposure to PM affects brain function, structure, and connectivity in healthy children and in those diagnosed with ADHD. This study will provide novel, in-depth understanding of the neurodevelopmental effects of PM pollution.

scholarly journals The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California: III

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Baker ◽  
Catherine Tuvblad ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Karina Gomez ◽  
Serena Bezdjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
University Of Southern California ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Externalizing Psychopathology ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Behavior Characteristics ◽  
The University

The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California (USC) was initiated in 1984 and continues to provide an important resource for studies investigating genetic and environmental influences on human behavior. This article provides an update on the current register and its potential for future twin studies using recruitment through school district databases and voter records. An overview is also provided for an ongoing longitudinal twin study investigating the development of externalizing psychopathology from childhood to young adulthood, the USC Study of Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior. Characteristics of the twins and their families are presented, including recruitment and participation rates, as well as attrition analyses and a summary of key findings to date.

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