Transdiagnostic dimensions in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ivar Snorrason ◽  
Courtney Beard ◽  
Andrew D. Peckham ◽  
Thröstur Björgvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Cravings ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Abstract Background Hierarchical structural models of psychopathology rarely extend to obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. The current study sought to examine the higher-order structure of the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) in DSM-5: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), hoarding disorder (HD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), trichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder; HPD) and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder (SPD). Methods Adult patients in a partial hospital program (N = 532) completed a dimensional measure of the five OCRDs. We used confirmatory factor analysis to identify the optimal model of the comorbidity structure. We then examined the associations between the transdiagnostic factors and internalizing and externalizing symptoms (i.e. depression, generalized anxiety, neuroticism, and drug/alcohol cravings). Results The best fitting model included two correlated higher-order factors: an obsessions-compulsions (OC) factor (OCD, BDD, and HD), and a body-focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) factor (HPD and SPD). The OC factor, not the BFRB factor, had unique associations with internalizing symptoms (standardized effects = 0.42–0.66) and the BFRB factor, not the OC factor, had small marginally significant unique association with drug/alcohol cravings (standardized effect = 0.22, p = 0.088). Conclusions The results mirror findings from twin research and indicate that OCD, BDD, and HD share liability that is significantly associated with internalizing symptoms, but this liability may be relatively less important for BFRBs. Further research is needed to better examine the associations between BFRBs and addictive disorders.

scholarly journals Externalizing and internalizing symptoms and coping strategies in young victims of abuse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Moreno-Manso ◽  
Mª. Elena García-Baamonde ◽  
Eloísa Guerrero-Barona ◽  
Mª. José Godoy-Merino ◽  
Mónica Guerrero-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

AbstractThis research analyses the internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the coping strategies of young victims of abuse. These young people are in residential care under protective measures due to abuse. The participants were 61 youths (32 male and 29 female) between 12 and 17 years of age. Different works of research stress the need for an early identification of the psychopathological symptomatology that these adolescents may present in order to provide an adequate psycho-educational intervention. The relationship between the adolescents’ psychopathological symptomatology and the coping strategies and styles they use to resolve problems is studied. It is also analyzed whether internalizing and externalizing problems predict the style and coping strategies of adolescents. Two tests were used: 1. Child and Adolescent Evaluation System (SENA); 2. Adolescent Coping Scales (ACS). The results indicate that young victims of abuse have internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These adolescents are characterized by an unproductive coping style, as well as by the use of coping strategies that are not very functional and ineffective for resolving conflicts. The psychopathological symptomatology is related to and predicts an unproductive coping style, badly adapted to solving daily problems (worrying, blaming oneself, not coping, ignoring the problem, or keeping it to oneself). This research has allowed us to identify the presence of several areas of vulnerability in these young persons which could be playing an important role in their psychosocial maladjustment. The research suggests the design of intervention strategies, for both groups and individuals, aimed at mitigating and modifying the sources of the problems in victims of child abuse.

scholarly journals Personality traits and combat exposure as predictors of psychopathology over time

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Koffel ◽  
M. D. Kramer ◽  
P. A. Arbisi ◽  
C. R. Erbes ◽  
M. Kaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Background.Research suggests that personality traits have both direct and indirect effects on the development of psychological symptoms, with indirect effects mediated by stressful or traumatic events. This study models the direct influence of personality traits on residualized changes in internalizing and externalizing symptoms following a stressful and potentially traumatic deployment, as well as the indirect influence of personality on symptom levels mediated by combat exposure.Method.We utilized structural equation modeling with a longitudinal prospective study of 522 US National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. Analyses were based on self-report measures of personality, combat exposure, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms.Results.Both pre-deployment Disconstraint and externalizing symptoms predicted combat exposure, which in turn predicted internalizing and externalizing symptoms. There was a significant indirect effect for pre-deployment externalizing symptoms on post-deployment externalizing via combat exposure (p< 0.01). Negative Emotionality and pre-deployment internalizing symptoms directly predicted post-deployment internalizing symptoms, but both were unrelated to combat exposure. No direct effects of personality on residualized changes in externalizing symptoms were found.Conclusions.Baseline symptom dimensions had significant direct and indirect effects on post-deployment symptoms. Controlling for both pre-exposure personality and symptoms, combat experiences remained positively related to both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Implications for diagnostic classification are discussed.

scholarly journals Parent–child relationship quality and family transmission of parent posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and child externalizing and internalizing symptoms following fathers' exposure to combat trauma

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 947-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Snyder ◽  
Abigail Gewirtz ◽  
Lynn Schrepferman ◽  
Suzanne R. Gird ◽  
Jamie Quattlebaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Positive Engagement ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

AbstractTransactional cascades among child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and fathers’ and mothers’ posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were examined in a sample of families with a male parent who had been deployed to recent military conflicts in the Middle East. The role of parents’ positive engagement and coercive interaction with their child, and family members’ emotion regulation were tested as processes linking cascades of parent and child symptoms. A subsample of 183 families with deployed fathers and nondeployed mothers and their 4- to 13-year-old children who participated in a randomized control trial intervention (After Deployment: Adaptive Parenting Tools) were assessed at baseline prior to intervention, and at 12 and 24 months after baseline, using parent reports of their own and their child's symptoms. Parents’ observed behavior during interaction with their children was coded using a multimethod approach at each assessment point. Reciprocal cascades among fathers’ and mothers’ PTSD symptoms, and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, were observed. Fathers’ and mothers’ positive engagement during parent–child interaction linked their PTSD symptoms and their child's internalizing symptoms. Fathers’ and mothers’ coercive behavior toward their child linked their PTSD symptoms and their child's externalizing symptoms. Each family member's capacity for emotion regulation was associated with his or her adjustment problems at baseline. Implications for intervention, and for research using longitudinal models and a family-systems perspective of co-occurrence and cascades of symptoms across family members are described.

scholarly journals Refugee Children’s Social–Emotional Capacities: Links to Mental Health upon Resettlement and Buffering Effects on Pre-Migratory Adversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12180
Author(s):  
Ruth Speidel ◽  
Emma Galarneau ◽  
Danah Elsayed ◽  
Shahdah Mahhouk ◽  
Joanne Filippelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Refugee children who experience severe pre-migratory adversity often show varying levels of mental health upon resettlement. Thus, it is critical to identify the factors that explain which refugee children experience more vs. less healthy outcomes. The present study assessed child social–emotional capacities (i.e., emotion regulation, sympathy, optimism, and trust) as potential moderators of associations between child, parental, and familial pre-migratory adversities and child mental health (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms) upon resettlement. Participants were N = 123 five- to 12-year-old Syrian refugee children and their mothers living in Canada. Children and mothers reported their pre-migratory adverse life experiences, and mothers reported their children’s current social–emotional capacities, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms. Greater familial (i.e., the sum of children’s and their mother’s) pre-migratory adversity was associated with higher child internalizing and externalizing symptoms upon resettlement. Higher emotion regulation and optimism were associated with lower internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and higher sympathy was associated with lower externalizing symptoms. In contrast, higher trust was associated with higher internalizing symptoms. Finally, higher child optimism buffered against the positive association between familial pre-migratory adversity and child internalizing symptoms. In sum, select social–emotional capacities may serve as potential protective factors that support mental health and buffer against the deleterious effects of pre-migratory adversity in refugee children.

scholarly journals Are Danish adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms associated with their substance use?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Vallentin-Holbech ◽  
K R Thomsen ◽  
C Stock
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Abstract Background Several studies have found that externalizing symptoms are associated with harmful substance use. Also, findings suggest that girls are more likely to report internalizing symptoms compared to boys. This study assessed the association between internalizing and externalizing symptoms (independent variables) and substance use and alcohol-related harms (dependent variables). Furthermore, it was investigated whether associations differentiate among boys and girls. Methods Data from Danish students aged 13-17 years (N = 2601) were collected using online self-administrated questionnaires measuring demographics, substance use (drunkenness, binge drinking, smoking, cannabis use and other illicit drug use) and alcohol-related harms. Externalizing and internalizing symptoms were measured using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. To test associations multilevel logistic regressions were applied for each dependent variable including both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Gender differences were tested separately. Results The study population comprised of 1235 boys (47%) and 1366 girls (53%) from 42 schools in the region of Southern Denmark. Strong positive associations between externalizing symptoms and substance use were found for both boys and girls. When internalizing symptoms were present, boys demonstrated a negative association with binge drinking (OR: 0.90, p &lt; 0.001), drunkenness (OR: 0.91, p = 0.001) and alcohol-related harms (OR: 0.91, p = 0.006). Among girls, a negative association was only found for binge drinking (OR: 0.94, p = 0.009). Conclusions This study demonstrated strong positive associations between externalizing symptoms and substance use both among boys and girls and showed that internalizing problems protect particularly boys from harmful alcohol use. The findings suggest that Danish girls should be considered equally to Danish boys regarding externalizing symptoms and substance use. Key messages Boys with internalizing problems are more protected against harmful alcohol use compared to girls. Targeting gender-specific risk factors should be considered when developing prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Personality-specific pathways from peer victimization to adolescent alcohol misuse: A multilevel longitudinal moderated mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavie M Laroque ◽  
Elroy Boers ◽  
Mohammad H Afzali ◽  
Patricia J Conrod
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Peer victimization is common in adolescence and have been associated with a broad variety of psychopathology and alcohol use. The present study assessed whether peer victimization has a time-varying effect on alcohol use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms and whether this indirect association throughout time is moderated by personality. This 5-year longitudinal study (3,800 grade 7 adolescents) used Bayesian multilevel moderated mediation models: independent variable was peer victimization; moderators were four personality dimensions (anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking); internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depressive symptoms) and externalizing symptoms (conduct, hyperactivity problems) were the mediators; and alcohol use, the outcome. Results indicated significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms. There was significant between and within effects on alcohol use through internalizing symptoms for adolescents with high anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness, and significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through externalizing for adolescents with high impulsivity and sensation seeking. These findings implicate two risk pathways that account for how peer victimization enhances alcohol use risk and emphasize the importance of personality profiles that can shape the immediate and long-term consequences of victimization. Keywords: multilevel moderated mediation model, victimization, personality, psychopathology, alcohol use.

White Matter Microstructural Properties of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncles Predict Change in Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescent Girls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Borchers ◽  
Lisa Bruckert ◽  
Rajpreet Chahal ◽  
Dana Mastrovito ◽  
Tiffany Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncles ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Symptom Changes ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Internalizing symptoms typically emerge in adolescence and are more prevalent in females than in males; in contrast, externalizing symptoms typically emerge in childhood and are more commonly observed in males. Previous research has implicated aspects of white matter organization, including fractional anisotropy (FA), of cerebral tracts in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Although the cerebellum has been posited to integrate limbic and cortical regions, its role in psychopathology is not well understood. In this longitudinal study, we investigated whether FA of the superior (SCP), middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles predict change in symptoms and whether sex moderates this association. 111 adolescents completed the Youth Self-Report, assessing symptoms at baseline (ages 9-13 years) and again two years later. Participants also underwent diffusion-weighted imaging at baseline. We used deterministic tractography to segment and compute mean FA of the cerebellar peduncles. Lower FA of the right SCP at baseline predicted increases in internalizing symptoms in females only (t(103)=−0.47, p=.020). Lower FA in the right SCP and inferior cerebellar peduncle also predicted increases in externalizing symptoms, but these associations did not survive multiple comparisons correction. There was no association between FA of the cerebellar peduncles and change in symptoms in males, or between middle cerebellar peduncle FA and symptom changes in males or females. Organizational properties of the SCP may be a sex-specific marker of internalizing symptom changes in adolescence. The cerebellar peduncles should be explored further in future studies to elucidate sex differences in internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

scholarly journals Parental depressive history, parenting styles, and child psychopathology over 6 years: The contribution of each parent's depressive history to the other's parenting styles

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley ◽  
Caitlin Jelinek ◽  
Ellen M. Kessel ◽  
Allison Frost ◽  
Anna E. S. Allmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Child Psychopathology ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Transactional Models ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Child Externalizing

AbstractThe link between parental depressive history and parenting styles is well established, as is the association of parenting with child psychopathology. However, little research has examined whether a depressive history in one parent predicts the parenting style of the other parent. As well, relatively little research has tested transactional models of the parenting–child psychopathology relationship in the context of parents' depressive histories. In this study, mothers and fathers of 392 children were assessed for a lifetime history of major depression when their children were 3 years old. They then completed measures of permissiveness and authoritarianism and their child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms when children were 3, 6, and 9 years old. The results showed that a depressive history in one parent predicted the other parent's permissiveness. Analyses then showed that child externalizing symptoms at age 3 predicted maternal permissiveness and authoritarianism and paternal permissiveness at age 6. Maternal permissiveness at age 6 predicted child externalizing symptoms at age 9. No relationships in either direction were found between parenting styles and child internalizing symptoms. The results highlight the importance of considering both parents' depressive histories when understanding parenting styles, and support transactional models of parenting styles and child externalizing symptoms.

scholarly journals Roles of Family Stress, Maltreatment, and Affect Regulation Difficulties on Adolescent Mental Health During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Craig ◽  
Christina Lauren Robillard ◽  
Brianna Turner ◽  
Megan E. Ames
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Psychological Maltreatment ◽  
Affect Dysregulation ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

Purpose: This study examines the indirect effect of affect dysregulation and suppression on the associations between family stress from confinement, maltreatment, and adolescent mental health during COVID-19. We examined both adolescent and caregiver perspectives to yield a more well-rounded understanding of these associations. Methods: Using both adolescent (N = 809, Mage = 15.66) and caregiver (N = 578) samples, exposure to physical and psychological maltreatment, family stress from confinement, affect dysregulation, suppression, and youth externalizing and internalizing symptoms were measured in the summer of 2020, following three months of stay at home orders due to COVID-19. Results: We found that affect dysregulation partially accounted for the associations between family stress and psychological maltreatment on both internalizing and externalizing symptoms for youth and parent report. Suppression partially accounted for the associations between family stress and maltreatment on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in the youth sample, but only for internalizing symptoms in the caregiver sample. Conclusion: Understanding the family predictors of adolescents’ mental health concerns, and their underlying mechanisms, affect dysregulation and suppression, can help us target mental health interventions during and following the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Identifying early pathways of risk and resilience: The codevelopment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and the role of harsh parenting

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1295-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Lee Wiggins ◽  
Colter Mitchell ◽  
Luke W. Hyde ◽  
Christopher S. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Externalizing Symptoms ◽  
Harsh Parenting ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Joint Models ◽  
Symptom Trajectories ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Symptoms

AbstractPsychological disorders co-occur often in children, but little has been done to document the types of conjoint pathways internalizing and externalizing symptoms may take from the crucial early period of toddlerhood or how harsh parenting may overlap with early symptom codevelopment. To examine symptom codevelopment trajectories, we identified latent classes of individuals based on internalizing and externalizing symptoms across ages 3–9 and found three symptom codevelopment classes: normative symptoms (low), severe-decreasing symptoms (initially high but rapidly declining), and severe symptoms (high) trajectories. Next, joint models examined how parenting trajectories overlapped with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories. These trajectory classes demonstrated that, normatively, harsh parenting increased after toddlerhood, but the severe symptoms class was characterized by a higher level and a steeper increase in harsh parenting and the severe-decreasing class by high, stable harsh parenting. In addition, a transactional model examined the bidirectional relationships among internalizing and externalizing symptoms and harsh parenting because they may cascade over time in this early period. Harsh parenting uniquely contributed to externalizing symptoms, controlling for internalizing symptoms, but not vice versa. In addition, internalizing symptoms appeared to be a mechanism by which externalizing symptoms increase. Results highlight the importance of accounting for both internalizing and externalizing symptoms from an early age to understand risk for developing psychopathology and the role harsh parenting plays in influencing these trajectories.

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