scholarly journals The mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults compared with heterosexual adults: results of two nationally representative English household probability samples

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pitman ◽  
Louise Marston ◽  
Gemma Lewis ◽  
Joanna Semlyen ◽  
Sally McManus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Bisexual People

Abstract Background Evidence on inequalities in mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual people arises primarily from non-random samples. Aims To use a probability sample to study change in mental health inequalities between two survey points, 7 years apart; the contribution of minority stress; and whether associations vary by age, gender, childhood sexual abuse, and religious identification. Methods We analysed data from 10 443 people, in two English population-based surveys (2007 and 2014), on common mental disorder (CMD), hazardous alcohol use, and illicit drug use. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, gender, and economic factors, adding interaction terms for survey year, age, gender, childhood sexual abuse, and religious identification. We explored bullying and discrimination as mediators. Results Inequalities in risks of CMD or substance misuse were unchanged between 2007 and 2014. Compared to heterosexuals, bisexual, and lesbian/gay people were more likely to have CMD, particularly bisexual people [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.86; 95% CI 1.83–4.46], and to report alcohol misuse and illicit drug use. When adjusted for bullying, odds of CMD remained elevated only for bisexual people (AOR = 3.21; 95% CI 1.64–6.30), whilst odds of alcohol and drug misuse were unchanged. When adjusted for discrimination, odds of CMD and alcohol misuse remained elevated only for bisexual people (AOR = 2.91; 95% CI 1.80–4.72; and AOR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.03–2.57 respectively), whilst odds of illicit drug use remained unchanged. There were no interactions with age, gender, childhood sexual abuse, or religious identification. Conclusions Mental health inequalities in non-heterosexuals have not narrowed, despite increasing societal acceptance. Bullying and discrimination may help explain the elevated rate of CMD in lesbian women and gay men but not in bisexual people.

Gender differences in associations between childhood sexual abuse and illicit drug use in adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. e77-e78
Author(s):  
Shiyao Gao ◽  
Joy D. Scheidell ◽  
Taylor Campion ◽  
Krishna Vaddiparti ◽  
Susan McGorray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use

scholarly journals Childhood sexual abuse and risks for licit and illicit drug-related outcomes: a twin study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1473-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLIOT C. NELSON ◽  
ANDREW C. HEATH ◽  
MICHAEL T. LYNSKEY ◽  
KATHLEEN K. BUCHOLZ ◽  
PAMELA A. F. MADDEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background. This study examined the relationships between self-reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and drug-related outcomes in an Australian twin panel.Method. A semi-structured psychiatric interview was conducted in 1996–2000 by telephone with young adult Australian twins (mean age 29·9 years). Data reported here are from 6050 twins who responded to both CSA and drug-related items.Results. A history of CSA was associated with significant risk for subsequently occurring regular smoking and use of each illicit drug class. Further CSA-associated risk was found among regular users, for nicotine and alcohol dependence, and among illicit drug users, for abuse/dependence of most drug classes. In same-sex discordant pairs, significant risk for regular smoking and illicit drug use was found in twins with a history of CSA compared to their non-abused co-twins. Similar analyses for abuse/dependence found significant risk for opioids, any illicit drug, and any non-cannabis illicit drug. CSA was associated with significantly earlier drug use. Despite the association of CSA with risk for early-onset cannabis use and regular smoking, risks for illicit drug outcomes associated with CSA and with either form of early-onset use combine in near-additive fashion.Conclusions. CSA is associated with risk for subsequently occurring regular smoking and illicit drug use and abuse/dependence. Risks for drug use are mildly attenuated with control for familial contributions; similar risks for abuse/dependence remain significant for opioids and for illicit drugs combined across classes. Although we found evidence of earlier onset drug use with CSA, risks associated with CSA and with early-onset use combine in a largely additive manner.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Alcohol Misuse and Illicit Drug Use Among Young People Aged 15–24 Years in Fishing Communities in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica O. Kuteesa ◽  
Helen A. Weiss ◽  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Janet Seeley ◽  
Josephine N. Ssentongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Low Education

Background: We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for alcohol misuse and illicit drug use among young Ugandans in fishing communities, a recognised “key population” for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among young people (15–24 years) in fishing communities in Koome, Uganda, in December 2017–July 2018. Using Audio-Assisted Self-Interviewing, we collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol use, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and timeline follow-back calendar (TLFB). Blood samples were analysed for HIV, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2), and Phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth 16:0/18:1). Urine samples were analysed for illicit drugs. Results: Among 1281 participants (52.7% male, mean age 20 years), 659 (51.4%) reported ever drinking alcohol, 248 (19.4%) had 12-month-AUDIT ≥ 8, and 261 (20.5%) had whole-blood PEth 16:0/18:1 concentration ≥ 20 ng/mL, indicating significant consumption. In multivariable analyses, PEth 16:0/18:1 ≥ 20ng/mL, AUDIT ≥ 8 and binge drinking (≥6 standard drinks per drinking occasion in the previous month from TLFB) were all strongly associated with older age, low education, smoking, and HSV2. Illicit drug use prevalence was 5.2% and was associated with older age, low education, being single, and smoking. Conclusion: Levels of alcohol misuse were high among young people in fishing communities and associated with HSV2, a proxy for risky sexual behaviour. Alcohol and illicit drug harm reduction services and HIV prevention programs in Uganda should prioritise young fisherfolk.

Epidemiology of illicit drug use disorders in Iran: prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service utilization results from the Iranian Mental Health Survey

Addiction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1836-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili ◽  
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar ◽  
Vandad Sharifi ◽  
Ahmad Hajebi ◽  
Reza Radgoodarzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Survey

An ad hoc method for dual adjusting for measurement errors and nonresponse bias for estimating prevalence in survey data: Application to Iranian mental health survey on any illicit drug use

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 3062-3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Khalagi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽  
Seyed-Abbas Motevalian ◽  
Keramat Nourijelyani ◽  
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Nonresponse Bias ◽  
Missing Not At Random ◽  
Mental Health Survey ◽  
Log Linear

Purpose The prevalence estimates of binary variables in sample surveys are often subject to two systematic errors: measurement error and nonresponse bias. A multiple-bias analysis is essential to adjust for both biases. Methods In this paper, we linked the latent class log-linear and proxy pattern-mixture models to adjust jointly for measurement errors and nonresponse bias with missing not at random mechanism. These methods were employed to estimate the prevalence of any illicit drug use based on Iranian Mental Health Survey data. Results After jointly adjusting for measurement errors and nonresponse bias in this data, the prevalence (95% confidence interval) estimate of any illicit drug use changed from 3.41 (3.00, 3.81)% to 27.03 (9.02, 38.76)%, 27.42 (9.04, 38.91)%, and 27.18 (9.03, 38.82)% under “missing at random,” “missing not at random,” and an intermediate mode, respectively. Conclusions Under certain assumptions, a combination of the latent class log-linear and binary-outcome proxy pattern-mixture models can be used to jointly adjust for both measurement errors and nonresponse bias in the prevalence estimation of binary variables in surveys.

Physical Abuse, Sexual Victimization, and Illicit Drug Use: Replication of a Structural Analysis Among a New Sample of High-Risk Youths

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dembo ◽  
Linda Williams ◽  
Lawrence La Voie ◽  
Estrellita Berry ◽  
Alan Getreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Mounting evidence of serious adverse consequences of childhood physical and sexual abuse has important implications for public health officials and care providers. Given the potential impact on social policy of this area of inquiry, programmatic research is needed for the validation of theoretical models across populations and over time. This study, based on a sample of high-risk youths, replicates a structural model that specified the influence of child physical and sexual abuse on self-derogation and drug use. Results suggest that for male and female youths, physical abuse and sexual victimization had a direct effect on self-derogation and illicit drug use, and an indirect effect on drug use that was mediated by self-derogation. Moreover, structural coefficients for the model were found to be identical across gender. Subsequent analyses demonstrated the equivalence of the structural model of child physical and sexual abuse on drug use across two study cohorts. Implications for the identification and treatment of youths in high-risk groups are discussed.

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