Attentional bias toward health-threat in health anxiety: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Congrong Shi ◽  
Steven Taylor ◽  
Michael Witthöft ◽  
Xiayu Du ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
Maintenance Model

Abstract Attentional bias toward health-threat may theoretically contribute to the development and maintenance of health anxiety, but the empirical findings have been controversial. This study aimed to synthesize and explore the heterogeneity in a health-threat related attentional bias of health-anxious individuals, and to determine the theoretical model that better represents the pattern of attentional bias in health anxiety. Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched for relevant studies, with 17 articles (N = 1546) included for a qualitative review and 16 articles (18 studies) for a three-level meta-analysis (N = 1490). The meta-analytic results indicated that the health anxiety group, compared to the control group, showed significantly greater attentional bias toward health-threat (g = 0.256). Further analyses revealed that attentional bias type, paradigm, and stimuli type were significant moderators. Additionally, compared to the controls, health-anxious individuals displayed significantly greater attention maintenance (g = 0.327) but nonsignificant attention vigilance to health-threat (g = −0.116). Our results provide evidence for the attention maintenance model in health-anxious individuals. The implications for further research and treatment of elevated health anxiety in the context of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise and Meditation on Depression and Anxiety Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-161
Author(s):  
Saeed Mohammadi ◽  
◽  
Komeil Zahedi Tajrishi ◽  
Mojtaba Tashkeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Objectives: Despite the studies that examined the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety, no meta-analysis has proved this effect so far. Also, the effect of these factors is unknown in terms of gender and aerobic exercise. This meta-analysis addressed these gaps. Methods: Major electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched until July 2019. Studies addressing the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety were found. Q-test and I2 statistic investigated the heterogeneity across the studies. The probability of publication bias was explored using Begg's and Egger's tests. The results were expressed as the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval using a random-effects model. Results: We identified a total of 10015 references and 51 studies involving 3594 participants. Compared with the control group, the SMD estimate of anxiety was -0.7 (-1.20, -0.19) for meditation, -0.9 (-1.24, -0.57) for aerobic, and -1.07 (-1.67, -0.46) for other exercises. Also, the SMD estimate of depression was-0.84 (-1.26, -0.42) for meditation, -0.44 (-0.72, -0.17) for aerobic, and -1.10 (-1.55, -0.65) for other exercises. Conclusion: Exercise and meditation had a significant effect on depression and anxiety. Furthermore, there was an effect of the exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety regarding the female gender and aerobic exercise.

scholarly journals Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Older Adults’ Health Status: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7381
Author(s):  
Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽  
Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Esteban Aedo-Muñoz ◽  
Eduardo Báez-San Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the studies centered on the effects of Olympic combat sports (OCS [i.e., boxing, fencing, judo, karate, taekwondo, wrestling]) on older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health status. The review comprised randomised-controlled trials with OCS interventions, including older adults (>60 years), and measures of physical-functional, physiological, and/or psychoemotional health. The studies were searched through SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EBSCO databases until 5 January 2021. The PRISMA-P and TESTEX scales were used to assess the quality of the selected studies. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020204034). Twelve OCS intervention studies were found (scored ≥60% for methodological quality), comprising 392 females and 343 males (mean age: 69.6 years), participating in boxing, judo, karate, and taekwondo. The qualitative analysis revealed that compared to controls, OCS training improved muscle strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, agility, balance, movement, attention, memory, mental health, anxiety, and stress tolerance. Meta-analysis was available only for the chair stand test, and an improvement was noted after OCS training compared to control. In conclusion, OCS interventions improves older adults’ physical-functional, physiological, and psychoemotional health. Our systematic review confirms that OCS training has high adherence (greater than 80%) in older adults.

scholarly journals Effects of Psycho-education Interventions on Perceived Childbirth Fear and Anxiety by Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Masomeh Adeli Gargari ◽  
Khalil Esmailpour ◽  
Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽  
Roghaiyeh Nourizadeh ◽  
Esmat Mehrabi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Natural Childbirth ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Psychoeducational Interventions

Objectives: Phobia of natural childbirth is one of the most important and influencing factors leading women to request cesarean sections. The present study aimed to prepare a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the type of interventions related to fear of childbirth (FOC). Materials and Methods: The data collection was based on an extensive search of articles related to clinical trials (1990-2019) posted on Google Scholar, Cochran, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed electronic databases. In general, 109 abstracts were selected after eliminating similar publications. As a result of the qualitative evaluations of these articles, 11 studies were kept for investigation. Results: The studies were categorized into three groups including prenatal education with childbirth counseling, yoga courses, and psychoeducational-based interventions. Based on the meta-analysis, psychoeducational interventions have a significant effect on childbirth fears and anxiety in comparison with the control group (mean difference: 0.85, 95% CI: -1.20–0.45, P < 0.0001, I2 = 82%). Conclusions: Psychologically-based interventions, can creatively play an essential role in reducing the FOC during pregnancy and even childbirth. It can also create a pleasant and traumatic-free experience which is essential for encouraging women to have a natural childbirth.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise and Meditation on Depression and Anxiety Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Mohammadi ◽  
◽  
Komeil Zahedi ◽  
Mojtaba Tashkeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Objectives: Despite the existence of studies that associated effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety, there was no meta-analysis to date, that can prove this effect definitely. Also, the effect of these factors by gender and aerobic exercise are unknown. This gap was addressed by this meta-analysis. Methods: Major electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched until July 2019. Studies addressing the effect of exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety were enrolled. The heterogeneity across studies was investigated by Q-test and I2 statistic. The probability of publication bias was explored using Beggchr('39')s and Eggerchr('39')s tests. The results were expressed as the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random-effects model. Results: We identified a total of 10,015 references and included 51 studies involving 3,594 participants. Compared control group, the SMD estimate of anxiety was -0.7 (-1.20, -0.19) for meditation, -0.9 (-1.24, -0.57) for aerobic, -1.07 (-1.67, -0.46) for other exercise, and the SMD estimate of depression was-0.84 (-1.26, -0.42) for meditation, -0.44 (-0.72, -0.17) for aerobic, and -1.10 (-1.55, -0.65) for other exercise. Conclusions: Exercise and meditation had a significant effect on depression and anxiety. Furthermore, there was an effect of the exercise and meditation on depression and anxiety by female gender and aerobic exercise.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of medical masks and N95 respirators for protection against respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19 in medical staff

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Gao-hong Wu ◽  
MB Ping Jiang ◽  
MB Huan Yuan ◽  
Shi ◽  
Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Respiratory Infectious Diseases ◽  
N95 Respirators

Abstract To evaluate the efficacy of N95 respirators and medical masks for protection against respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating the use of N95 respirators and medical masks for protection against respiratory infectious diseases. We retrieved relevant articles published from January 1994 to January 2020 by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. The study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool with RevMan 5.3 software. Eleven RCTs adjusted for clustering were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, N95 respirators or medical masks conferred significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases (odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29–0.84). Compared to medical masks, N95 respirators conferred significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases (OR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.99). Meta-analysis of 10 observational studies adjusting for clustering also suggested that N95 respirators and medical masks are effective for protection against respiratory infectious diseases (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42–0.82). However, only one case report showed the effectiveness of medical masks for preventing COVID-19. Although medical masks and N95 respirators may confer significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that these types of personal protective equipment offer similar protection against COVID-19. Therefore, in the absence of sufficient resources during an epidemic, medical masks and N95 respirators should be reserved for high-risk, aerosol-generating producing procedures.

scholarly journals Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Mirmosayyeb ◽  
Narges Ebrahimi ◽  
Mahdi Barzegar ◽  
Alireza Afshari-Safavi ◽  
Sara Bagherieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Conference Papers

Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction is a major comorbidity observed in patients with multiple sclerosis, yet different prevalence rates are reported for it. Therefore, we have designed this systematic review to estimate the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with MS. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients. Method: We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, and gray literature including references from the identified studies, review studies, and conference abstracts which were published up to January 2021. Articles that were relevant to our topic and could provide information regarding the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction, or the scores of smell threshold, discrimination, or identification (TDI scores) among MS patients and healthy individuals were included; however, articles published before 1990 and after the end of 2020 were excluded. Results: The literature search found 1630 articles. After eliminating duplicates, 897 articles remained. two abstract conference papers were included for final analysis. A total of 1099 MS cases and 299 MS patients with olfactory dysfunction were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the included studies was 27.2%. (95% CI: [19.7%, 35.4%]) Also, the overall TDI score in MS patients was lower than that in the control group (SMD=-1.00; 95% CI: [-1.44, -0.56]), and the level of Threshold (SMD= -0.47; 95% CI: [-0.75, -0.19]), Discrimination (SMD=-0.53; 95% CI: [-0.96, -0.10]), and Identification (SMD=-1.02; 95% CI: [-1.36, -0.68]) per se were lower in MS compared with control respectively. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review shows that the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in MS patients is high and more attention needs to be drawn to this aspect of MS.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aromatherapy Alone or in Combination with Massage on Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 968-979
Author(s):  
Mona Najaf Najafi ◽  
Neshat Najaf Najafi ◽  
Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari ◽  
Somayeh Moeindarbary ◽  
Fatemeh Abdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insufficient Data ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Jadad Scale ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
Present Systematic Review

Abstract Objective The aim of the present systematic review meta-analysis is to assess the effect of olfactory stimulation on reducing dysmenorrhea. Methods Systematic search was conducted in several databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus, to identify relevant research up to October 26, 2019. The identified studies were evaluated based on a modified Jadad scale. The intervention involves aromatherapy alone or in combination with essential oils. There was no restriction for the control group such as a placebo group or other common treatments. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 (Bio stat, Englewood, NJ, USA) was used for meta-analysis. Cochran's Q and I2 tests were utilized. Results The findings of our meta-analysis, which contained 13 trials (15 data), showed that dysmenorrhea decreased significantly in the group receiving aromatherapy with herbal compared with the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.795; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.922 to- 0.667; 17 trials O < 0.001); heterogeneity; I2 = 19.47%; p = 0.236). In addition, four studies with insufficient data were not included in our meta-analysis. The results of all studies suggested that aromatherapy with herbal medicine group compared with control group is effective. Conclusion Aromatherapy with herbal medicine decreased dysmenorrhea. This treatment was particularly effective when aroma oil was combined with massage or when a mixture of aroma oil was used for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness and Safety of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Han Yang ◽  
Chian-Yin Chou ◽  
Yi-Fan Yang ◽  
Yi-Ping Yang ◽  
Chian-Shiu Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Negative Conversion

AbstractBackgroundsSince COVID-19 outbreak, various agents have been tested but no proven effective therapies have been identified. This has led to a lot of controversies among associated researches. Hence, in order to address the issue of using hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA thorough search was carried out to find relevant studies in MEDLINE, medRxiv, PubMed, Cochrane Database, China Academic Journals Full-text Database and Web of Science. Two investigators independently reviewed 274 abstracts and 23 articles. The trials which evaluated hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 were included for this systematic review. Two investigators assessed quality of the studies and data extraction was done by one reviewer and cross checked by the other.ResultsFive trials involving 677 patients were included while conducting the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin showed benefits in positive-to-negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.95 [95% CI,0.19 to 19.73] and a reduction in progression rate (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.37]), but without demonstrating any statistical significance. This systematic review has also suggested a possible synergistic effect of the combination therapy which included hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. However, the use of hydroxychloroquine alone was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients.ConclusionThe use of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19 patients, seems to be effective. The combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has shown synergic effects. However, mortality rate was increased when the treatment was conducted with hydroxychloroquine.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Stroke risk following traumatic brain injury: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110042
Author(s):  
Grace Mary Turner ◽  
Christel McMullan ◽  
Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi ◽  
Danai Bem ◽  
Tom Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Aims To investigate the association between TBI and stroke risk. Summary of review We undertook a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 4th December 2020. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool hazard ratios (HR) for studies which reported stroke risk post-TBI compared to controls. Searches identified 10,501 records; 58 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. The review included a large sample size of 2,606,379 participants from four countries. Six studies included a non-TBI control group, all found TBI patients had significantly increased risk of stroke compared to controls (pooled HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.46-2.37). Findings suggest stroke risk may be highest in the first four months post-TBI, but remains significant up to five years post-TBI. TBI appears to be associated with increased stroke risk regardless of severity or subtype of TBI. There was some evidence to suggest an association between reduced stroke risk post-TBI and Vitamin K antagonists and statins, but increased stroke risk with certain classes of antidepressants. Conclusion TBI is an independent risk factor for stroke, regardless of TBI severity or type. Post-TBI review and management of risk factors for stroke may be warranted.

scholarly journals Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Xueyin Fei ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

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