The Brezhnev Doctrine and Communist Ideology

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Judson Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
World Politics ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The West ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Communist System ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Power Politics

Announcement of the so-called Brezhnev Doctrine by Soviet spokesmen in 1968 has been widely regarded in the West as a development marking a new epoch in the evolution of the world communist system. The Doctrine has been commonly viewed as a Soviet response to the exigencies of Great Power politics in circumstances of continuing loss of revolutionary dynamism or as a reaction to the threat to Soviet hegemony in its inner bloc posed by uncontained polycentrism, or both. Much attention has been devoted to the concept of “limited sovereignty,” with this concept being treated as the heart of the Doctrine and as evidence of a major new departure in the Soviet approach to world politics. This assessment, interestingly enough, is generally favored both by Western analysts and by anti-Soviet spokesmen within the world communist system.

scholarly journals Worlds beyond Westphalia: Daoist dialectics and the ‘China threat’

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. M. LING
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
Rising China ◽  
China Threat ◽  
Us West

AbstractDiscourse in the US/West that a rising China threatens world order serves no national interest or international purpose. It subscribes only to Westphalian anxieties about the Other. Drawing on Daoist dialectics, this article shows how we can reframe this issue by revealing the complicities that bind even seemingly intractable opposites, thereby undermining the rationale for violence. By recognising the ontological parity between (US/Western) Self and (Chinese/non-Western) Other, we may begin to shift IR/world politics from hegemony to engagement, the ‘tragedy’ of great power politics to the freedom of discovery and creativity.

The U.S.-China Peace: Great Power Politics, Spheres of Influence, and the Peace of East Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
The U.S

East Asia in the post–Cold War era has been the world's most peaceful region. Whereas since 1989 there have been major wars in Europe, South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, and significant and costly civil instability in Latin America, during this same period in East Asia there have been no wars and minimal domestic turbulence. Moreover, economic growth in East Asia has been faster than in any other region in the world. East Asia seems to be the major beneficiary of pax Americana.

The Power to Divide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Alliance Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Power Politics

This book examines the use of wedge strategies, a form of divisive statecraft designed to isolate adversaries from allies and potential supporters to gain key advantages. With a multidimensional argument about the power of accommodation in competition, and a survey of alliance diplomacy around both world wars, the book artfully analyzes the past and future performance of wedge strategy in great power politics. It argues that nations attempting to use wedge strategy do best when they credibly accommodate likely or established allies of their enemies. It also argues that a divider's own alliances can pose obstacles to success and explains the conditions that help dividers overcome them. The book advances these claims in eight focused studies of alliance diplomacy surrounding the world wars. Through those narratives, the book adeptly assesses the record of countries that tried an accommodative wedge strategy, and why ultimately, they succeeded or failed. These calculated actions often became turning points, desired or not, in a nation's established power. For policymakers today facing threats to power from great power competitors, the book argues that a deeper historical and theoretical grasp of the role of these wedge strategies in alliance politics and grand strategy is necessary. The book drives home the contemporary relevance of the analysis with a survey of China's potential to use such strategies to divide India from the United States, and the United States' potential to use them to forestall a China–Russia alliance, and closes with a review of key theoretical insights for policy.

Governmentality of the Arctic as an international region

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Albert ◽  
Andreas Vasilache
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Great Power ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
Governmentality Studies

Linked to the image of a wild and still-to-be-explored territory, as well as to images of the region as one of new economic opportunities, discourses on the Arctic also tie in with issues of climate change, cooperation and conflict, Arctic governance, international law and the situation and rights of indigenous people, as well as Great Power politics. Taken together, these aspects characterize a region whose formation is different from regionalization processes in other parts of the world. As the regional peculiarity of the Arctic is reflected by a variety and plurality of representations, discourses, perceptions and imaginaries, it can usefully be analyzed as a region of unfolding governmentality. The present article argues that the prospects for the Arctic are strongly intertwined with perceptions and depictions of it as an international region subject to emerging practices of governmentality. By drawing on both Foucault’s texts and governmentality studies in international relations (IR), we discuss how the Arctic is affected by governmental security rationalities, by specific logics of political economy and order-building, as well as becoming a subject for biopolitical rationalizations and imaginaries. The discourses and practices of governmentality that permeate the Arctic contribute to its spatial, figurative and political reframing and are aimed at making it a governable region that can be addressed by, and accessible for, ordering rationalities and measures.

The Ideological Origins of Great Power Politics, 1789-1989

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
G. John Ikenberry ◽  
Mark L. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Great Power Politics

Islamic International Relations Towards a Theoretical Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gubara Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World

The Western originators of the multi-disciplinary social sciences and their successors, including most major Western social intellectuals, excluded religion as an explanation for the world and its affairs. They held that religion had no role to play in modern society or in rational elucidations for the way world politics or/and relations work. Expectedly, they also focused most of their studies on the West, where religion’s effect was least apparent and argued that its influence in the non-West was a primitive residue that would vanish with its modernization, the Muslim world in particular. Paradoxically, modernity has caused a resurgence or a revival of religion, including Islam. As an alternative approach to this Western-centric stance and while focusing on Islam, the paper argues that religion is not a thing of the past and that Islam has its visions of international relations between Muslim and non-Muslim states or abodes: peace, war, truce or treaty, and preaching (da’wah).

The State of City Diplomacy

Urbanisation ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 245574712091318
Author(s):  
Ian Klaus
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Collective Voice ◽  
Great Power Politics

Cities have organised into a global collective voice. Doing so has required diplomatic maturation and resulted in new diplomatic standing. Both these developments will be tested with the return of great power politics.

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