An Age of Revolutionary Wars: An Historical Parallel

1951 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Alfred Cobban
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Religious Wars ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Present World ◽  
Religious War

There is one point on which both sides in the present world conflict are agreed. Each may denounce the leadership of the other side, but neither supposes that a change in leadership would make any difference, because both believe that it is a conflict not of persons or governments, but of principles, or of systems of society. The commonly accepted explanation of the conflict, in short, is that the world is now divided between Communism and Capitalism. At the risk of seeming paradoxical it must be asked what this explanation explains, and whether, in fact, it does anything but provide convenient labels for the opposing forces. The implied assumption that states with differing economic systems must necessarily be hostile to one another is at least unproved, and goes against historical experience. It would be easier to explain the conflict as a religious war, and Communism certainly exhibits many of the features of a militant religion, but can we be quite content to dismiss Communists and capitalists as the Protestants and Catholics of the twentieth century? And if we are, can we find many religious wars in which secular and political interests did not provide as strong or stronger a motive than religion?

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

Diaspora Capitalism and the Homeland: Australian Chinese Networks into China

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-273
Author(s):  
Constance Lever-Tracy ◽  
David Ip
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores two new and related phenomena of the late twentieth century that will surely play a major role in shaping the world of the twenty-first: the economic development and opening up of China, and the emergence onto the world economic stage of diaspora Chinese businesses, producing a significant, identifiably Chinese current within global capitalism. Each of these has, we believe, been crucial and perhaps indispensable to the other.

Regarding Electronic Music

Tempo ◽  
1966 ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Electronic Music ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Electronic Medium ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Twentieth Century Music ◽  
Long Time

For a long time now—long when we consider the quick, changing time-scale of our days—electronic music has been with us. The public at large usually remains cold, confused or merely dazed when faced with any new aesthetic experience. Critics, musicologists and the like still seem, as usual, to be unable to predict what will happen to this peculiar, mysterious and often anathematized way of handling musical composition, while many traditionally-minded composers consider it a degrading destruction of the art of music. On the other hand, the electronic medium seems to attract a long, motley caravan of young, inexperienced and often unprepared ‘beatnik type’ self-titled composers, who believe that the world began yesterday and that you only have to push buttons and prepare IBM cards to obtain magical results. Probably not since Schoenberg proclaimed the equal value of the twelve semitones of our sacred but by now obsolete tempered scale has twentieth-century music been faced with such a bewilderment.

scholarly journals 來自「東方」的聲音圖景：江文也作品的異國情調與民族追尋

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (36) ◽  
pp. 081-106
Author(s):  
張琬琳 張琬琳
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
General Society

<p>二十世紀初，在國際間崛起的各國勢力，加速了各民族內部自我整頓與反省的動力，東方音樂家學習西方音樂，也試圖以西方音樂的樂制，來整建自我民族內部的音樂紋理。</p> <p>東方音樂家欲望著西方，希冀能登上國際音樂舞臺；西方樂壇也期待從東方音樂家那裡，聽見西方人能夠「聽得懂」的「東方聲音」。在東 / 西方彼此期待、渴望之間，音樂本身被賦予極大的感官寓意，對西方人而言，帶有異國情調的音樂，尤其能夠吸引他們的目光；對於東方音樂家而言，這些「東方」的元素，卻是取自於不同民族風土的獨特聲音。</p> <p>本文聚焦臺灣近代音樂家江文也，以近年來新出版的傳記、日記和音樂作品全集，以及本論文作者近年於歐洲搜集的史料為分析佐證，探討江文也「屬於自己 / 東方的聲音」創作，如何引發西方樂壇對於「東方聲音」的想像。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The early twentieth century was a century that had the two global-scale World Wars between world powers across continents and oceans. Rising nationalism and increasing national awareness became a major political issue in general society. Eastern musicians reflected on the issue and diligently learned Western music system to get a remarkable grasp of it. Because they knew well the so-called Oriental music sounds must be rooted in the Western music theory to be able to compete among nations by international standards. On one hand, Eastern musicians desired to be seen and rival upon the world stage; on the other hand, Western musicians looked forward to hearing pure Oriental music sounds from the East. However, for Taiwanese composer Jiang, Wen-Ye, the Oriental music sounds are not the ones of a traditional and exotic concept. Traditionally, the Oriental music sounds derive its flavor from the pentatonic scale and use traditional Chinese musical instruments to play. It is under such circumstances Jiang, Wen-Ye compose beautiful musical forms that embody his love and respectful duty to the Taiwanese motherland throughout frequent international music events and competitions.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals An Overview of Models for Assessment of Organization Virtuality

Organizacija ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Peter Veber
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Virtual Organization ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Mutual Relations

An Overview of Models for Assessment of Organization VirtualityA virtual organization is a network of legally independent organizations and/or individuals that produce products and/or services based on a common business understanding. This new organization structure is posited as radical departure from the traditional, hierarchic, bureaucratic and co-located mode of organizing that dominated the twentieth century. In contrast, the characteristics of the new, virtual organization forms are seen to be dynamic, networked, distributed, digital, flexible, collaborative and innovative. The challenge, however, is to determine which organization as a subject employs virtual form and which not. The answer to this question is decidedly complex as most organizations have forms that are somewhere in between; therefore, it is usually only possible to determine how virtual one organization is on certain aspects. In the other words: what is the level of its virtuality? Several models for the assessment of organization virtuality have been developed by many different authors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and present all the published models of virtual organization that are publicly available in the world literature. The strengths and weaknesses of all models found are presented, together with their mutual relations.

Epidemiology of old age psychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-76
Author(s):  
Thais Minett ◽  
Carol Brayne ◽  
Blossom C.M Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Rational Planning ◽  
The World ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Epidemiology is the foundation of public health and rational planning of services. In the field of old age psychiatry, the information provided by epidemiological research has been highly influential. As the world older population is growing proportionally faster than the other age segments, there is a continuous need for further epidemiological research in old age psychiatry. Neuropsychiatric conditions, such as depression and dementia, cognitive impairment, and behavioural and functional decline, place a considerable onus on the health, social, and economic systems. This chapter presents some of the world demographic data and basic epidemiological concepts, discusses some methodological issues in the epidemiology of mental disorders in old age, and presents a summary of many of the most important studies in this field.

Talking over Water: History, Wireless and the Telephone

2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Jock Given
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Telephone Service ◽  
Water History ◽  
Morse Code ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Economics And Politics

For a third of the twentieth century, the only way Antipodeans could talk with people on the other side of the world was by wireless. The submarine cables that traversed the oceans from the 1860s carried messages in Morse code, ‘telegraphy’, but not voice. From 30 April 1930, the wireless telephone service made it possible to conduct a conversation in real time between England and Australia. This article explores the old era of international wireless telephony at a time when wireless is again transforming social and economic possibilities. It examines the economics and politics of the era, the man most closely identified with the Australian services, the technology employed and the way the service was used, identifying similarities and differences between this period and the present.

The Ternus Effect

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Motion Display ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Insight Into

The Ternus effect refers to an ambiguous apparent motion display in which two or three elements presented in succession and shifted horizontally by one position can be perceived as either a group of elements moving together or as one element jumping across the other(s). This chapter introduces the phenomenon and describes observations made by Pikler and Ternus in the beginning of the twentieth century. Next, reasons for continued interest in the Ternus effect are discussed and an overview of factors that influence it offered, including low-level image-based factors, for example luminance, as well as higher-level scene-based factors, for example perceptual grouping. The chapter ends with a discussion of theories regarding the mechanisms underlying the Ternus effect, providing insight into how the visual system is able to perceive coherent objects in the world despite discontinuities in the input (e.g., as a consequence of eye movements or object occlusion).

The Philosophical Issues Involved in the War

Philosophy ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 16 (63) ◽  
pp. 242-256
Author(s):  
W. T. Stace
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Professional Philosopher ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Rational Ground ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Present World

We are familiar with the statement that the present world-conflagration is, or involves, a struggle between two different philosophies. Obviously the statement is very vague, and it is exceedingly difficult to say exactly what it means. But if it has any meaning at all, a professional philosopher ought to be supremely interested in it. Philosophers are too apt to sit in their ivory towers, weaving curious distinctions and debating strange intellectual puzzles, without any consideration of their implications for humanity. For even the most abstract questions invariably have, in the end, important practical bearings. And we are apt to forget that, in the last analysis, philosophers are the uncrowned rulers of the world. For their ideas, secretly infiltrating among the masses, are among the forces which drive civilizations. Plato has had more influence on the destiny of man than the inventor of the steam engine. And so I make no apology for attempting to discuss here the question whether the two great nations now engaged in war, Germany and Britain, represent any philosophical ideas, what the philosophical issues of the war are, and where, in those issues, the truth, or the greater degree of truth, lies. And the paper will have two parts. In the first I shall try briefly to state what I believe the issues to be. In the second I shall attempt to discover whether there is any rational ground for preferring the philosophy of the one side to that of the other.

Talking over Water: History, Wireless and the Telephone

2007 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Jock Given
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Telephone Service ◽  
Water History ◽  
Morse Code ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Economics And Politics

For a third of the twentieth century, the only way Antipodeans could talk with people on the other side of the world was by wireless. The submarine cables that traversed the oceans from the 1860s carried messages in Morse code, ‘telegraphy’, but not voice. From 30 April 1930, the wireless telephone service made it possible to conduct a conversation in real time between England and Australia. This article explores the old era of international wireless telephony at a time when wireless is again transforming social and economic possibilities. It examines the economics and politics of the era, the man most closely identified with the Australian services, the technology employed and the way the service was used, identifying similarities and differences between this period and the present.

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