Art. XI—A Modern Contributor to Persian Literature. Rizá Kulí Khán and his Works

1886 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Persian Literature ◽  
The Subject

But a few Persians have devoted so much time, energy, and real enthusiasm to their own literature during the present century as the subject of this notice: the Amíru-sh-Shu'ará Rizâ Kulî Khán B Muhammad Hádí Khan B Ism'aíl Kamál, poetically surnamed “Hidáiyat,” and popularly known as the “Lalah Báshi.” Descended in a direct line from the well-known poet, Kamál Khojandí—a cotemporary of Háfiz, who died at Tabríz in A.H. 792 (A.D. 1389)— the Amíru-sh-Shu'ará was born in Tehrán on the loth Muharram, A.H. 1215 (8th June, 1800). His family, in honour of their ancestor, appended the surname Kamál to their individual appellations. Hidáiyat's grandfather, Ism'aíl Kamal, suffered death at the hands of Zakí Khán Zand for refusing to take up the cause of the Zand dynasty in preference to that of the Pretender Aghá Muhammad Khán Kajár.

scholarly journals Husrev u Shirin-Farhad u Shirin Masnavis and Ferhad as the Primary Hero in Turkish Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-454
Author(s):  
Gökhan Coşgun
Keyword(s):  
Persian Literature ◽  
The Real ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
The Subject

The story of Husrev and Shirin, which was first put into poetry in Firdevsi's Shahname, was later written by many poets. It is undoubtedly NizamiGanjavi who brought the story of Husrev and Şirin to the real fame in Persian literature. Nizami's Husrev u Shirin Masnavi inspired many Persian and Turkish poets who came after him. Each poet has immortalized this story according to his own imagination. In Turkish literature, poets have produced original works by changing the story according to their own traditions and belief cultures instead of translating the story from Persian literature. In this context, Ali Shir Nevayi and Lamii Chelebi's Farhad u Shirin masnavis are two remarkable works. While Hüsrev was the main hero of Husrev u Shirin masnavis in Persian literature, the real hero was Farhad in these two masnavis. In Turkish folk literature, Ferhad stands out as the only hero without mentioning Husrev. This is a result of the efforts of Turkish poets to construct a new story with Farhad. In our study, the subject of why a story whose main hero is Husrev evolved into Farhad in Turkish literature will be examined

scholarly journals A Brief Overview of Medieval Persian Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Bahman Solati
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
The Subject

<p><em>Reviewing the origins of a particular literary history allows us to better comprehend the allusions the literature conveys and why we appreciate them. It also allows us to anticipate how the literature may progress (Fouchecour, 2006) I will try to keep this approach in the reader’s mind in presenting this brief summary of medieval Persian literature, a daunting task considering the multiplicity and wealth of the texts and documentation on the subject (Fouchecour, 2006). In this study we will pay special attention to the progress of Persian literature over the last millennia, concentrating in particular on the early development and background of various literary genres in Persian. Although the idea of literary genres is rather subjective and unstable (Perkins, 1993, pp. 29-33), studying them is a worthwhile approach for an overview, enabling better understanding, deeper argumentation, and deeper analysis than would a simple listing of dates, titles, and basic biographical facts of the giants of Persian literature.</em></p>

scholarly journals A reflection on Attar Neyshabouri's Masnavi illustration

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshrat Ishan Agha ◽  
Reza Ashrafzadeh ◽  
Majid Taghavi
Keyword(s):  
Sixth Century ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Image or imagination, ink and paste are the main themes of poetry, and since the end of the sixth century, which is one of the most fertile periods of Persian literature, the poets of this period freely imposed many poetic fantasies on Persian literature, And for centuries, with various acquisitions, they were influential in the poetry of the poets of the generations after them (Shafiee, 1999, pp. 404 and 405). The use of abstract and difficult philosophical and philosophical concepts in mystical poetic works has been common in various ways and forms in the form of allegorical anecdotes, educational stories and moral sermons. And provides various perspectives for the study and evaluation of such works. Attar Neyshabouri also believes that the world is a picture of the beauty of truth that reflects all the beauties of the beloved in itself, and one can easily see the attributes of beauty in the world and creatures. Since Attar Neyshabouri is both a poet, a Sufi and a sage, his works can be examined from three mystical, philosophical and literary perspectives. Attar Neyshabouri's works, such as his Masnavi, are among the mystical works in which the poet has used legal and philosophical themes and terms in accordance with the subject. He has also benefited greatly from the elements of imagery in order to make his words effective. In this discourse, the method of illustration and the method of using the elements of imagination, such as simile, metaphor, permission, irony, have been evaluated.

scholarly journals The authorship of the poem ‘Ushshaq-nama from the prospect of academic orientalist studies and modern computer technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1360-1378
Author(s):  
V. A. Drozdov
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Persian Poetry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation

The poem ‘Ushshaq-nama by Fakhr ad-Din ‘Iraqi (610–688 / 1213–1289) is the first poetical writing on the subject of mystical love in Persian literature. ‘Iraqi’s authorship of this work has never been questioned by researchers. However, the English orientalist J. Baldick 1973 cast a doubt on ‘Iraqi’s authorship of this poem. The article examines in detail the arguments of J. Baldick both from the point of view of the context of the creation of the poem, as well as the methods of the latest computational methods, in particular stylometry. Boldik's arguments concern both the historical and religious context in which ‘Iraqi lived and the peculiarities of his works, primarily the poem‘Ushshaq-name. The paper demonstrates that this computational method may be used for the study of the features of the style of Persian poetry and the confirmation of the authorship of doubtful Persian writings. Further expert decision full-field by Artjoms Šeļa based on stylometric methods for the establishment of the poem ‘Ushshaq- nama is expounded. While the results of the analysis of the historical and religious contexts of the poem may serve as confirmation of the authorship of ‘Iraqi and the refutation of the Baldick hypothesis, the results of the stylometric analysis do not give an unambiguous answer to the question of its authorship.

scholarly journals Negative Romanticism: An Exploration of a Sense of Isolation in Yushij's Afsaneh

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hussein Oroskhan ◽  
Esmaeil Zohdi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Obscure Origin ◽  
The Way

From its beginning in the academic studies during the later nineteenth century, Romanticism has provoked ongoing debates over the nature of its definition. Nonetheless Morse Peckham has satisfactorily settled this matter by indicating that romanticism has dramatically altered the way of thinking therefore it should be distinctively met. For this purpose, he proposed that dealing with the concept of romanticism necessitate dividing it into two concepts of negative and positive romanticism in which a transition is occurred from negative romanticism to positive romanticism however in some cases this transition may not become completed and is lead to the obscure origin of the sense of isolation among various romantic poets. To clearly illustrate Peckham's notion of negative romanticism, it is tried to explore Nima Yushij's Afsaneh who is known to be the most romantic poet of Persian literature. Based upon Peckham's notion of negative romanticism, Nima's sense of despair and isolation in Afsaneh is fully justified and it is highly suggested that Peckham's new perspective toward romanticism can eventually settle the conflicting views on the subject of Romanticism.

scholarly journals Wartime Propaganda and Gender in Ahmad Mahmoud’s The Scorched Earth: A Dissident Reading

Text Matters ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 460-476
Author(s):  
Ramin Farhadi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
The State ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

The Iran-Iraq War (1980–88) has been the subject of many aesthetic productions in contemporary Persian literature. The Iranian mass media during the war with Iraq described the armed conflict as holy and masculine, and propagated the replacement of the word “war” with “sacred defense” to urge authors to write within this established framework and reflect the ideals of the State. Opposed to such an ideological view of the war, the prominent Iranian novelist Ahmad Mahmoud began to express dissent in his works of fiction such as The Scorched Earth (1982). This study, therefore, analyzes Mahmoud’s scope of dissidence toward wartime propaganda and gender in the above mentioned novel to articulate how Mahmoud raises important questions regarding the State’s view of war and the established gender norms in Iran at war. It uses cultural materialist dissident reading and textual analysis to study Mahmoud’s contempt for wartime propaganda through the text’s portrayal of desperate people in Khorramshahr in the southwest of Iran caught between Iraqi airstrikes and artillery fires, and domestic problems including inflation, looting and mismanagement.

scholarly journals Husrev u Shirin-Farhad u Shirin Masnavis and Ferhad as the Primary Hero in Turkish Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-454
Author(s):  
Gökhan Coşgun
Keyword(s):  
Persian Literature ◽  
The Real ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Folk Literature ◽  
The Subject

The story of Husrev and Shirin, which was first put into poetry in Firdevsi's Shahname, was later written by many poets. It is undoubtedly NizamiGanjavi who brought the story of Husrev and Şirin to the real fame in Persian literature. Nizami's Husrev u Shirin Masnavi inspired many Persian and Turkish poets who came after him. Each poet has immortalized this story according to his own imagination. In Turkish literature, poets have produced original works by changing the story according to their own traditions and belief cultures instead of translating the story from Persian literature. In this context, Ali Shir Nevayi and Lamii Chelebi's Farhad u Shirin masnavis are two remarkable works. While Hüsrev was the main hero of Husrev u Shirin masnavis in Persian literature, the real hero was Farhad in these two masnavis. In Turkish folk literature, Ferhad stands out as the only hero without mentioning Husrev. This is a result of the efforts of Turkish poets to construct a new story with Farhad. In our study, the subject of why a story whose main hero is Husrev evolved into Farhad in Turkish literature will be examined.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

Artificial satellite orbit computations

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
P. Sconzo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Differential Correction ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Discussion ◽  
Orbit Computation

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.

C. Wire Cabling for Telescope Systems

1966 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Data Multiplexing

Rule: I'd like at this point to bring up the subject of cables and wireways around the telescope. We've touched upon this twice during previous sessions: the cable wrap up problem, the communications problem, and data multiplexing problem. I think we'll ask Bill Baustian if he will give us a brief run down on what the electrical run problems are, besides doubling the system every year.

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