Indexing of Folk and Oral Literature in the Islamdominated Cultural Area

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Heda Jason
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Folk Literature

Galland's translation of the Arabian Nights in the eighteenth century brought to the wider European readership an awareness of the wealth of written folk literature of medieval provenance in the Near and Middle East. During the Romantic movement, popular translations or rewritings from Arabic, Turkish and Persian medieval folk literatures proliferated (see Appendix 1 below, Chauvin, no. 6; Marzolph, no. 10).

Lord Dacre and the Politics of the Scottish Enlightenment

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
North East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Scottish History

Hugh Trevor-Roper (Lord Dacre) made several iconoclastic interventions in the field of Scottish history. These earned him a notoriety in Scottish circles which, while not undeserved, has led to the reductive dismissal of Trevor-Roper's ideas, particularly his controversial interpretation of the Scottish Enlightenment, as the product of Scotophobia. In their indignation Scottish historians have missed the wider issues which prompted Trevor-Roper's investigation of the Scottish Enlightenment as a fascinating case study in European cultural history. Notably, Trevor-Roper used the example of Scotland to challenge Weberian-inspired notions of Puritan progressivism, arguing instead that the Arminian culture of north-east Scotland had played a disproportionate role in the rise of the Scottish Enlightenment. Indeed, working on the assumption that the essence of Enlightenment was its assault on clerical bigotry, Trevor-Roper sought the roots of the Scottish Enlightenment in Jacobitism, the counter-cultural alternative to post-1690 Scotland's Calvinist Kirk establishment. Though easily misconstrued as a dogmatic conservative, Trevor-Roper flirted with Marxisant sociology, not least in his account of the social underpinnings of the Scottish Enlightenment. Trevor-Roper argued that it was the rapidity of eighteenth-century Scotland's social and economic transformation which had produced in one generation a remarkable body of political economy conceptualising social change, and in the next a romantic movement whose powers of nostalgic enchantment were felt across the breadth of Europe.

‘Master-pieces of their kind’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesa Ní Mhunghaile
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Celtic Revival ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
English Speaking

This chapter discusses the compositions of the blind seventeenth- and eighteenth-century harper-composer Turlough Carolan (Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin) and the manner in which they were employed during the Celtic Revival by eighteenth-century Irish antiquarians and scholars in their recovery of the Gaelic past. Motivated by an interest in the native music and song of Ireland that was in turn sparked by the romantic movement, the vogue for primitivism, and the cult of the bard, scholars such as Joseph Cooper Walker, Charlotte Brooke, and James Hardiman re-invented Carolan’s image as that of a bard and a musical genius and elevated his compositions to a higher status than they had achieved during his lifetime. In doing so, they brought his work to a wider English-speaking audience.

The Beginnings of Print

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-92
Author(s):  
Ahmed El Shamsy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Cultural Formation ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
Modern Europe

This chapter turns to the changing means of cultural reproduction: the constitution of books as physical objects through the medium of print. The print revolution, inaugurated by Johannes Gutenberg (d. 1468), was central to the cultural formation of modern Europe. Within decades of Gutenberg's death, the technology of the printing press had also arrived in Istanbul, carried by Jewish refugees from Spain. Arabic books were not, however, printed in the Middle East in significant numbers until the eighteenth century, and it was only in the nineteenth century that print came to dominate the production of Arabo-Islamic literature. After discussing early printing in the Arab world, this chapter focuses on the evolution of the publishing industry.

AFAF LUTFIAL-SAYYID MARSOT, Women and Men in Late Eighteenth-Century Egypt, Modern Middle East Series (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995). Pp. 198.

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-305
Author(s):  
LISA POLLARD
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Egyptian History

In Women and Men in Late Eighteenth-Century Egypt, the historian Afaf Marsot has set for herself the task of shattering myths about Egyptian history and the manner in which it is written.

An early eighteenth-century Persian blue and white

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Géza Fehérvári
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Near East ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

It has now generally been accepted that blue and white originated in the Near and Middle East, and that it was these Near Eastern wares that gave the impetus to the development of such wares in porcelain in China. Yet our knowledge of the underglaze-painted blue and white wares of the Near East that may have influenced the Chinese potters is almost non-existent. One could perhaps consider as prototypes the black, blue, and green underglaze-painted vessels of Kāshān and Sulṭānābād of the 13th and 14th centuries, which may have found their way to China after the Mongol invasion of Persia.

Jihad in West Africa: early phases and inter-relations in Mauritania and Senegal

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip D. Curtin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Religious History ◽  
West African ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Religious Leadership ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
Early Phases

The tradition of religious revolution directed against partially Muslim rulers is traced to the religious reform movement among the zwāya of Mauritania in the 1660s, and to the jihad that brought them briefly into control of Futa Toro, Cayor, Walo, and Jolof in the 1670s. In spite of the reconquest of these states by their secular rulers and the re-establishment of Hassānī control in southwestern Mauritania, the tradition of religious revolt and the aim of establishing an imamate under religious leadership lived on, to reappear in other Fulbe states. It came a generation later, with the jihad of Malik Sy in Bundu during the 1690s, and direct connexions can be traced between the leadership in Bundu and the leadership in the later jihad in Futa Jallon. The jihad in Futa the 1770s and 1780s followed in the same tradition. This evidence suggests that the external influence of the mid-eighteenth-century revival of Islam in Arabia and the Middle East has been overemphasized in West African religious history. Forces working for the reform of Islam based in Africa itself were already at work.

Prose Fiction and English Interest in the Near East, 1775–1825

PMLA ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-836
Author(s):  
Wallace Cable Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Near East ◽  
Prose Fiction ◽  
Minor Literature ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Travel Books ◽  
Oriental Tale

One of the most important literary manifestations of that direct interest in the Near East which travellers and travel books created, appears in English prose fiction of the early nineteenth century. The prose fiction thus supplements the Near East poetry of Byron, Moore, Southey, and numerous minor versifiers as well as the travel books themselves, which may be considered a kind of minor literature. Throughout the first half of the eighteenth century English readers had shown considerable interest in the Near East, particularly in the oriental tale; yet this interest was almost wholly indirect—the product of French accounts or French translations of the Arabian Nights. It was not until the last quarter of the century that new developments brought “the Orient much nearer to England than ever before … In letters, this modern spirit was first expressed by the increased number of travelers' accounts.”

The Later Career of the Elizabethan Villain-Hero

PMLA ◽  
1925 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara F. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Important Type ◽  
Romantic Movement

The “villain-hero,” as he developed in the plays of Marlowe and in those of some later Elizabethans, is a distinct and important type of character. Moreover, he did not make his final exit with the ending of the Elizabethan period, but has reappeared at various times since, especially during the Romantic Revival at the end of the eighteenth century. This “Romantic Movement,” as we are accustomed to call it, was in many ways a revival of the earlier Romantic spirit which we call Elizabethanism. Nothing shows the resemblance between the two periods more strikingly than this habit of taking for the dominating figure in the story a man of great power, stained with crime.

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