‘Master-pieces of their kind’

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesa Ní Mhunghaile
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Celtic Revival ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
English Speaking

This chapter discusses the compositions of the blind seventeenth- and eighteenth-century harper-composer Turlough Carolan (Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin) and the manner in which they were employed during the Celtic Revival by eighteenth-century Irish antiquarians and scholars in their recovery of the Gaelic past. Motivated by an interest in the native music and song of Ireland that was in turn sparked by the romantic movement, the vogue for primitivism, and the cult of the bard, scholars such as Joseph Cooper Walker, Charlotte Brooke, and James Hardiman re-invented Carolan’s image as that of a bard and a musical genius and elevated his compositions to a higher status than they had achieved during his lifetime. In doing so, they brought his work to a wider English-speaking audience.

Lord Dacre and the Politics of the Scottish Enlightenment

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
North East ◽  
The Social ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Scottish History

Hugh Trevor-Roper (Lord Dacre) made several iconoclastic interventions in the field of Scottish history. These earned him a notoriety in Scottish circles which, while not undeserved, has led to the reductive dismissal of Trevor-Roper's ideas, particularly his controversial interpretation of the Scottish Enlightenment, as the product of Scotophobia. In their indignation Scottish historians have missed the wider issues which prompted Trevor-Roper's investigation of the Scottish Enlightenment as a fascinating case study in European cultural history. Notably, Trevor-Roper used the example of Scotland to challenge Weberian-inspired notions of Puritan progressivism, arguing instead that the Arminian culture of north-east Scotland had played a disproportionate role in the rise of the Scottish Enlightenment. Indeed, working on the assumption that the essence of Enlightenment was its assault on clerical bigotry, Trevor-Roper sought the roots of the Scottish Enlightenment in Jacobitism, the counter-cultural alternative to post-1690 Scotland's Calvinist Kirk establishment. Though easily misconstrued as a dogmatic conservative, Trevor-Roper flirted with Marxisant sociology, not least in his account of the social underpinnings of the Scottish Enlightenment. Trevor-Roper argued that it was the rapidity of eighteenth-century Scotland's social and economic transformation which had produced in one generation a remarkable body of political economy conceptualising social change, and in the next a romantic movement whose powers of nostalgic enchantment were felt across the breadth of Europe.

Pietism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Guelzo
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
State University ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Evangelicalism ◽  
The Church

‘Pietism’ refers to a Protestant reform movement, arising in the late 1600s in Lutheran Germany, which turned away from contests over theological and dogmatic identity in Protestant confessionalism and urged renewed attention to questions of personal piety and devotion. As such, it has only the most tenuous historical connections to the Christocentric piety of the devotio moderna or the northern humanist piety of Erasmus or Zwingli. It found its first major voice in P.J. Spener and A.H. Francke, and established its principal centres of influence at the state university at Halle in 1691 and the Moravian community at Herrnhut in 1722. Pietism found followers and allies in the European Reformed churches, in the Church of England (especially through the example of John and Charles Wesley and through the Moravian exile community in England), and in Britain’s English-speaking colonies. In the colonies, pietism not only found Lutheran and Reformed colonial hosts, but also saw in New England Puritanism a movement of similar aspirations. Pietism’s impact on the spirituality of western Europe and America was clearly felt in the eighteenth-century Protestant Awakenings, and continues to have an influence in the shape of Anglo-American evangelicalism.

scholarly journals Race before Darwin: Variation, adaptation and the natural history of man in post-Enlightenment Edinburgh, 1790–1835

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
BILL JENKINS
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Variation ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
The University

AbstractThis paper draws on material from the dissertation books of the University of Edinburgh's student societies and surviving lecture notes from the university's professors to shed new light on the debates on human variation, heredity and the origin of races between 1790 and 1835. That Edinburgh was the most important centre of medical education in the English-speaking world in this period makes this a particularly significant context. By around 1800 the fixed natural order of the eighteenth century was giving way to a more fluid conception of species and varieties. The dissolution of the ‘Great Chain of Being’ made interpretations of races as adaptive responses to local climates plausible. The evidence presented shows that human variation, inheritance and adaptation were being widely discussed in Edinburgh in the student circles around Charles Darwin when he was a medical student in Edinburgh in the 1820s. It is therefore no surprise to find these same themes recurring in similar form in the evolutionary speculations in his notebooks on the transmutation of species written in the late 1830s during the gestation of his theory of evolution.

Indexing of Folk and Oral Literature in the Islamdominated Cultural Area

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Heda Jason
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Arabian Nights ◽  
Romantic Movement ◽  
Folk Literature

Galland's translation of the Arabian Nights in the eighteenth century brought to the wider European readership an awareness of the wealth of written folk literature of medieval provenance in the Near and Middle East. During the Romantic movement, popular translations or rewritings from Arabic, Turkish and Persian medieval folk literatures proliferated (see Appendix 1 below, Chauvin, no. 6; Marzolph, no. 10).

The Later Career of the Elizabethan Villain-Hero

PMLA ◽  
1925 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara F. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Important Type ◽  
Romantic Movement

The “villain-hero,” as he developed in the plays of Marlowe and in those of some later Elizabethans, is a distinct and important type of character. Moreover, he did not make his final exit with the ending of the Elizabethan period, but has reappeared at various times since, especially during the Romantic Revival at the end of the eighteenth century. This “Romantic Movement,” as we are accustomed to call it, was in many ways a revival of the earlier Romantic spirit which we call Elizabethanism. Nothing shows the resemblance between the two periods more strikingly than this habit of taking for the dominating figure in the story a man of great power, stained with crime.

scholarly journals The Sin of Laura: The Meaning of Culture in the Education of Nineteenth-Century Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-271
Author(s):  
Marjorie R. Theobald
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Feminist Historiography ◽  
English Speaking World

Abstract In the iconography of nineteenth-century female education, the centralfigure is a woman at the piano. This figure embodies a form ofeducation, the female "accomplishments" — music, art, modern languages, literature, and the natural sciences — which was widespread in Britain by the end of the eighteenth century and which spread rapidly throughout the English-speaking world. Yet this form of education has been overlooked or dismissed by both mainstream and feminist historiography. This paper considers the rise of the accomplishments curriculum as a precursor to the emergence, late in the nineteenth century, of the “worthwhile education” of women. This earlier development, in the author's view, requires a reconsideration of that sacred cow of feminist theory, the man/culture, women/nature dichotomy. A study of the female accomplishments also illustrates the earlier rise of the enduring and oppressive myth that there is a natural affinity between the humanities and the female mind — with its equally enduring implication that there is a natural affinity between science and the male mind. Historians of the Edwardian period have noted that the rational, scientific frame of mind, which underpinned the capitalist exploitation of the natural world, was considered to be a "natural" male predilection. Feminist historians have rightly exposed the use of this pseudo-science as a justification of the contemporary intellectual subjugation of women. They have, however, failed to note that intellectual attitudes which were evident more than a century earlier, and which underpinned the emergence of the female accomplishments, ensured that women would be excluded from the great intellectual adventure of the twentieth century.

Fuentes hemerográficas del siglo XVIII: recepción de Cervantes en obras teatrales y composiciones musicales británicas

2019 ◽  
pp. 305-320
Author(s):  
Mónica Amenedo-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Don Quixote ◽  
Monthly Review ◽  
Comic Opera ◽  
Literary Periodicals ◽  
Literary Journals ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

RESUMENLas revistas literarias inglesas «The Monthly Review» (1749-1845) y «The Critical Review» (1756-1817) volcaron su atención hacia la producción de reseñas bibliográficas de trabajos según iban apareciendo en el mercado editorial tanto británico como internacional. Las informaciones generadas a partir de este ejercicio periodístico son especialmente relevantes para el estudio de la recepción de autores y textos pertenecientes al ámbito hispano en el ámbito anglosajón y se han empleado en este trabajo para abordar la recepción de Cervantes en obras teatrales y composiciones musicales británicas del siglo XVIII, tales como «Angelica; or, Quixote in Petticoats» (1758), «The Padlock: A Comic Opera» (1768), «Don Quixote. A Musical Entertainment» (1776), «Barataria; or, Sancho turn’d Governor» (1785) y «The Mountaineers, a Play in Three Acts» (1793).PALABRAS CLAVECervantes, revistas literarias, recepción, Gran Bretaña, siglo XVIII. TITLEEighteenth-century Journal Sources: Reception of Cervantes in British Plays and Musical CompositionsABSTRACTThe English literary periodicals «The Monthly Review» (1749-1845) and «The Critical Review» (1756-1817) offered comments on newly printed works as they came out both in Great Britain and abroad. The information provided by these two review journals is of particular relevance to the study of the reception of Spanish authors and their works in the English-speaking world, and has been analysed in this work to explore the critical reception of Cervantes in eighteenth-century British plays and musical compositions such as «Angelica; or, Quixote in Petticoats» (1758), «The Padlock: A Comic Opera» (1768), «Don Quixote. A Musical Entertainment» (1776), «Barataria; or, Sancho turn’d Governor» (1785) and «The Mountaineers, a Play in Three Acts» (1793).KEY WORDSCervantes, literary journals, reception studies, Great Britain, Eighteenth century.

Notes on a Westmeath dialect

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Nally
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
North West ◽  
Mixed Farming ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
English Speaking

1. What follows is a sketch of the phonology of the English spoken in Emper, Co. Westmeath. Emper is a pocket of fertile country partly enclosed in a loop of the River Inny and situate some eleven or twelve miles to the north-west of Mullingar. The population, fluctuating about two hundred souls, is composed mostly of farmers and farm labourers. They are engaged in mixed farming, that is tillage, stock-raising, and dairying; and are a settled community in that the farms in most cases have been occupied by the same families for generations. It is difficult to say at what date exactly the people of Emper ceased to speak Irish and became English speakers. The evidence is scanty and entirely oral, yet sufficient to warrant the conclusion that at some time after the middle of the eighteenth century, and certainly before 1800, Emper had become English speaking. The findings and conclusions below are based on my own (dialect) pronunciation and my memory of auditory observation of the speech of the older stratum of the inhabitants, and especially of those born before 1900. This is my vernacular speech and I have never lost touch with it.

Haliburton’S Eye and Ear

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
United States South ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real People ◽  
English Speaking

Walter S. Avis was so thoroughly a Canadian that it is perhaps necessary to take special note of his contributions to the international community of scholars devoted to the study of English and the English-speaking peoples. Certainly his broad perspective is everywhere revealed in his scholarship. In his study of Canadian eh?, for instance, he speaks of the corpus he collected when his reading was “arbitrarily limited to books in my own library, to newspapers and periodicals that passed normally through my hands, to radio and TV programs, and to such oral examples as I had the opportunity to observe and set down” (1978:174). Yet such “arbitrary limits” encompassed writers and speakers who represent Britain, Canada, the United States, South Africa, and Australia and covered uses from the eighteenth century to the present. With the best of scholars, Avis was meticulous, thorough, wide-ranging, and devoted to the real evidence of real people speaking and writing.

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