Effect of Nitrogenous Materials on the Uptake of Triazine Herbicides

An application of potassium nitrate or urea to the soil of detopped potted tomato plants [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.] increased the rate of exudation from the stumps of the plants from 100 to over 300% and increased the concentration of 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine [atrazine] in this augmented exudate from 9 to 40%. Atrazine applied to the soil at 2:00 PM was detected in the stump exudate within 10 min and with an application of 3500 μg per pot it was approaching its maximum concentration by the end of 3 hr. The build-up in the concentration of atrazine in the exudate occurred at a faster rate in plants treated with potassium nitrate than in water control plants. Increasing the soil temperature from 10 to 30 C increased the rate of exudation and at each temperature an application of potassium nitrate or of urea increased the concentration of atrazine in the augmented exudate. In addition to atrazine, 2-chloro-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine [propazine], 2-methoxy-4,6-bis(isopropylamino)-s-triazine [prometone], and 2-methoxy-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine [atratone] were applied at 1750 and 3500 μg/pot. The concentration of these triazines in the exudate increased directly with their solubility in water. An application of urea increased the concentration of all four triazines in the exudate.

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Effects of nitrogenous materials on translocation and stump exudation in root systems of tomato

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b68-057 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 363-376 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Wm. Harold Minshall

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Time Course ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Water Control ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Nitrogenous Compounds ◽

Average Value ◽

The Difference

An application of urea or of potassium nitrate to potted tomato plants in the 11- to 18-leaf stage of growth increased markedly the quantity of solutes in the stump exudate for the next 48 to 72 hours. This increase of solutes was most pronounced during the maximum part of the diurnal rhythmic cycle. A large proportion of the increased quantity of solutes was composed of asparagine, glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, nitrate, ammonium, etc. and thus directly related to the metabolism of the applied nitrogen. In addition, however, increased quantities of phosphorus and, at certain times, of potassium were noted.In detopped tomato plants the increased transfer of solutes from the treatment with nitrogenous materials increased the maximum rate of stump exudation from 2 ml/(plant × hour) for water control plants to 8 ml/(plant × hour). Single plants produced 80 ml of stump exudate in 24 hours. The time course effect on rate of exudation by the two forms of nitrogen differed in that potassium nitrate produced its maximum effect in from 6 to 8 hours following an addition at 0830 hours but urea produced its maximum effect in from 28 to 30 hours. By the fourth day the rate of exudation from nitrogen-treated plants was approximately the same as from water control plants.The Q10 for the rate of exudation of plants treated with nitrogenous compounds varied from 1.6 to 5.2 with an average value of 3.0. As the soil temperature was decreased from 18° to 8 °C the osmotic pressure of the stump exudate increased and the difference was statistically significant at the 1% level. Between soil temperatures of 18° and 28 °C, however, the difference in osmotic pressure of the exudates were not statistically significant. A reduced transport of water by physical means is suggested as the cause of the increase in osmotic pressure of the stump exudate at 8 °C.When plants treated with nitrogenous materials were compared to water control plants no support was found for the theory that active mechanisms participated in the transport of the water. In fact the marked increase in the osmotic pressure of the augmented exudates indicated that a lag existed in the movement of the water.It was concluded that the addition of nitrogenous materials to the soil increased by active processes the movement of solutes into the xylem sap of the plants. By osmosis the increased quantity of solutes then increased the quantity of water transported through the roots and collected as stump exudate.

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Ethylene emission and PR protein synthesis in ACC deaminase producing Methylobacterium spp. inoculated tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) challenged with Ralstonia solanacearum under greenhouse conditions

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Woojong Yim ◽

Sundaram Seshadri ◽

Kiyoon Kim ◽

Gillseung Lee ◽

Tongmin Sa

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Acc Deaminase ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Pr Protein ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽

Ethylene Emission

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Effect of crezacin and humic acid on growth and physiological aspects of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Journal of Applied Horticulture ◽

10.37855/jah.2019.v21i01.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (01) ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

M.M. Abdelkader ◽

M.Y. Puchkov ◽

M.A. Lysakov ◽

E.G. Loktionova ◽

A.A. Suliman

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Tomato Plants

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Effects of a fungicide on the morphology and viability of pollens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5134 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 115-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ilkay Öztürk Çali ◽

Feyza Candan

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Key Words ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Polar View ◽

Control Group ◽

Recommended Dosage ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Equatorial View

Effects of Agri Fos 400 (Mono and di-potassium phosphanate), a fungicide widely used on tomatoes grown in greenhouses in Turkey against Phytophthora infestans were studied on the morphology and viability of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) pollens. The fungicide was applied on tomato plants at recommended dosage (4 ml/l water) and double the recommended dosage (8 ml/l water). The fungicide caused changes in the morphological structures of pollens. Some pollen morphological structures that are not observed in the control group were encountered in the pollens due to application of Agri Fos 400 in equatorial view at 8 ml/l and in polar view at 4 ml/l. Level of pollen viability decreased as the dosage increased. Key words: Fungicide; Phytophthora infestans; Tomato; Pollen morphology; Viability DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5134 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 115-118, 2009 (December)

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Efficiency of phylloplane bacteria in controlling aerial tomato diseases under field conditions

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/s0100-54052008000100019 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 86-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bernardo A. Halfeld-Vieira ◽

Reginaldo S. Romeiro ◽

Ann Mounteer ◽

Eduardo S.G. Mizubuti

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Water Control ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Tomato Diseases

The capacity of two bacteria isolated from the tomato phylloplane to control late blight (Phytophthora infestans) was investigated in the field, and compared against the effectiveness of spraying with the fungicide chlorothalonil (1.5 g a.i. L-1) or water (control). A 55% reduction in late blight intensity was observed in the leaves of the middle of the plant and 62% in those of the upper leaves when using the antagonist UFV-STB 6 (Novosphingobium capsulatum) as compared to the control. Isolate UFV-IEA 6 (Bacillus cereus) was able to reduce disease intensity by 55%, but only in the upper leaves of the tomato plants. Treatment with isolate UFV-STB 6 also led to a significant reduction in the percentage of fruits with late blight symptoms. The results demonstrate the potential of these two bacteria in controlling this disease.

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Metabolism of 2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide in Tomato

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450003157x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. J. Murphy ◽

Janice Didriksen ◽

R. A. Gray

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Mechanical Harvester ◽

Ring Hydroxylation

Metabolism of the herbicide 2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide (R-7465) by tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘Mechanical Harvester’) was investigated. Ring-labeled R-7465-14C was taken up rapidly by the roots and distributed throughout the leaves within 8 hr. R-7465 was converted primarily into water soluble metabolites. The principal metabolite was identified as a hexose conjugate of 2-(α-naphthoxy-4-hydroxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide. This metabolite represented 47% of the soluble radioactivity in the plant. A different hexose conjugate of 2-(α-naphthoxy-4-hydroxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide together with a hexose conjugate of 2-(α-naphthoxy-4-hydroxy)-N-ethyl propionamide accounted for another 22% of the radioactivity. Nonmetabolized R-7465 was found to represent only 5% of the total soluble radioactivity. Other identified metabolites included 2-(α-napthoxy)-N-ethyl propionamide, 2-(α-naphthoxy-5-hydroxy)-N,N-diethyl propionamide, and 1,4-naphthoquinone. None of these metabolites individually represented more than 3% of the soluble radioactivity in the plants. Ring hydroxylation and N-dealkylation appeared to be the initial steps in detoxification of R-7465 followed by conjugation with sugars.

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Uptake, Translocation, and Degradation of Diphenamid in Plants

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500050931 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 639-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. W. Bingham ◽

Richard Shaver

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Radioactive Material ◽

Labeled Compounds ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Euonymus Alatus

The rate of uptake and translocation ofN,N-dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (diphenamid-14C) varied among different species. Apoplastic translocation of diphenamid occurred rapidly in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill.) seedlings, intermediate in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylonL. ‘328’) and slowly in winged euonymus [Euonymus alatus(Thunb.) Seib. ‘compacta’]. Diphenamid-14C was dealkylated to give N-methyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide (MDA) in both winged euonymus and tomato plants. After 8 days, approximately 60% of the benzene-extractable labeled compounds from both plants was MDA and 39% was diphenamid. However, less of the radioactive material in winged euonymus was extracted.

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Soil thermal and productive responses of biodegradable mulch materials in a processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr15065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 207 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marta M. Moreno ◽

Alicia Cirujeda ◽

Joaquín Aibar ◽

Carmen Moreno

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

Mulch materials of different origin and colour are available in the agricultural sector as sustainable alternatives to the use of polyethylene (PE). Mulching modifies soil temperature and consequently affects crop yields. This work assessed the thermal and productive responses of different mulch materials in two different geo-climatic conditions during a 3-year integrated field study on processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Two biodegradable plastic mulches (BD1, BD2), one oxo-degradable material (OB), two types of paper (PP1, PP2) and one barley-straw cover (BS) were compared with two control treatments: black PE and manual weeding (MW). Soil temperature variables (maximum, minimum and mean temperature, soil growing degree-days and soil temperature amplitude) and production variables (marketable and total yield, mean fruit weight) were considered. Thermally, PE could be considered an atypical mulch causing higher temperatures in the soil, but it is not associated with a higher yield. Responses of PE, PP2 and MW were independent of the geo-environmental conditions, whereas OB, BD1 and BD2 had similar thermal and productive responses to each other in different environments. Tomato yield was correlated positively only with the minimum soil temperature, especially when excluding PE.

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WATER QUALITY IN AN INTEGRATED CULTURE OF WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei)-TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum) USING LOW SALINITY GROUNDWATER IN SONORA, MEXICO

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479713000690 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 306-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. MARTIN MARISCAL-LAGARDA ◽

FEDERICO PÁEZ-OSUNA ◽

JOSÉ LUIS ESQUER-MÉNDEZ ◽

ILDELFONSO GUERRERO-MONROY ◽

ALONSO-ROMO DEL VIVAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Culture System ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Total N ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Low Salinity

SUMMARYThe aim of this work was to test the performance of a shrimp-tomato culture system (STCS) in an arid-semiarid region (Sonora, Mexico) and to evaluate the water quality variables and phytoplankton variation of shrimp effluent and that water returning from the tomato module culture. The field study was conducted using groundwater and consisted of three circular tanks that were used for shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming and were coupled to one culture module of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum). The shrimp effluent was used to irrigate the tomato plants. The yield was 11.1±0.2 kg shrimp per tank (3.9±2.0 ton ha−1) and 33.3 kg tomatoes per 45 plants (36.1±2.3 ton ha−1). During the culture, the concentrations of nutrients were (mg L−1): total N-ammonia, <0.001–0.848; N-nitrite, <0.001–1.45; N-nitrate, 5.2–172.2; dissolved reactive-P, <0.005–0.343. A total of 35 taxa belonging to three different algal classes were observed: Chlorophyta (87 to 98%), Bacilliariophyta (2 to 9%) and Cyanophyta (0–3%). This STCS allowed us to harvest the equivalent of 3.9 ton ha−1 of shrimp and 36.3 ton ha−1 of tomatoes, with a water consumption of 2.1 m3 per kg harvested of both products.

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