Bromoxynil, Chloroxynil, and 2,4-DB for Establishing Alfalfa and Medium Red Clover

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elroy J. Peters ◽  
S. A. Lowance
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Significant Yield

When almost no broadleaf weeds were present, 0.56 kg/ha of the butoxyethanol ester and 0.84 kg/ha of the dimethylamine salt of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2, 4-DB) caused no yield reductions of seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.); but 0.56 kg/ha of 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil) caused slight reductions. Rates of bromoxynil above 0.56 kg/ha caused significant yield reductions of alfalfa. Broadleaf weeds, when present, shielded alfalfa from the bromoxynil so that reduction in yields of broadleaf weeds and increases in alfalfa were similar to those obtained with 2,4-DB. At equivalent rates 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (hereinafter referred to as chloroxynil) was less effective than bromoxynil for controlling broadleaf weeds and also was less injurious to alfalfa. When no weeds were present at time of application, bromoxynil at a rate of 0.56 kg/ha or greater and chloroxynil at 0.84 and 1.12 kg/ha significantly reduced yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). When weeds were present bromoxynil did not reduce yields of red clover until the 1.12-kg rate was reached. Chloroxynil did not reduce yields at rates as high as 1.12 kg/ha. Excellent control of common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) was obtained, and no reduction in alfalfa or red clover occurred with 0.28 kg/ha of bromoxynil or chloroxynil mixed with 0.56 kg/ha of 2,4-DB ester.

Effects of Herbicides on Nitrogen Fixation of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Peters ◽  
M. Ben Zbiba
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover

EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine], butralin[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)2,6-dinitrobenzenamine], diclofopmethyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]-propanoate} and 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] were evaluated in the greenhouse for effects on growth, nodulation, and NH3 production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Some reduction in nodulation occurred from some rates of the herbicides, but reduction in nodulation was usually associated with reduced plant growth caused by herbicidal injury.

Selectivity Factors in the Response of Plants to 2,4-DB

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry R. Hawf ◽  
Richard Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Rapid Degradation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Foliar spray retention, absorption and translocation, and the dissipation of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were examined to determine their importance as selectivity factors in the response of two 2,4-DB-tolerant legumes, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and two susceptible broadleaf weeds, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.). The legumes were as effective as the broadleaf weeds in metabolizing (beta-oxidizing) 2,4-DB to 2,4-D. The relatively greater tolerance of the legumes than of the broadleaf weeds to 2,4-DB arose from a combination of poorer spray retention, less effective absorption and translocation, and a more rapid degradation of the 2,4-D arising from the beta-oxidation of 2,4-DB.

scholarly journals Precrop Effect of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the Population Development of the Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 and on Succeeding Crops—A Pot Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Roman Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tomato Growth

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a major pest of many crop species. The objective of the study was to determine how M. hapla population dynamics is affected by two precrops, i.e., Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa, in three crop durations: one, two and three years of continuous cultivation. Moreover, we set ourselves the task of evaluating the effect of the legume precrop soil on the growth of the succeeding tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) and on the nematode population. The experiment was performed outdoors in pots with naturally infected soil. Both precrop species investigated were found to modify the J2 nematode population density in the soil. The galls and nematode females with egg masses were observed on the roots of both studied plant species at the end of each growing season. They appeared to be more abundant on the red clover roots than on those of the alfalfa. The obtained data indicate that the spring soil sampling is more appropriate for the estimation of the M. hapla population density in the red clover precrop soil. The legume precrop soil had a limiting effect on tomato growth and fruit yield. The nematode population negatively influenced tomato growth. The experiment revealed that tomato plants could be planted in alfalfa precrop soil following at least three years of continuous alfalfa cultivation. The same cannot be said of the cultivation of red clover as a precrop for tomatoes.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Transplanted Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) with Pretransplant Tank Mixes of Sulfentrazone, S-metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-p

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1492-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Kristen McNaughton ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Excellent Control

Pepper growers currently have limited access to many effective broadleaf herbicides. Field trials were conducted over a 3-year period in Ontario to study the effect of tank mixtures of sulfentrazone (100 or 200 g·ha−1 a.i.) with either s-metolachlor (1200 or 2400 g·ha−1 a.i.) or dimethenamid-p (750 or 1500 g·ha−1 a.i.) on transplanted bell pepper. Under weed-free conditions, there was no visual injury or reduction in plant height, fruit number, fruit size, or marketable yield of transplanted pepper with pretransplant applications of sulfentrazone applied in tank mixtures with s-metolachlor or dimethenamid-p. The tank mixture of sulfentrazone + s-metolachlor gave greater than 85% control of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), but only 70% to 76% control of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). The combination of sulfentrazone + dimethenamid-p provided good to excellent control of all weed species except velvetleaf. Based on this study, sulfentrazone and dimethenamid-p have potential for minor use registration in pepper.

COMPARISON OF YIELD COMPONENTS OF RED CLOVER AND ALFALFA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. BOWLEY ◽  
C. T. DOUGHERTY ◽  
N. L. TAYLOR ◽  
P. L. CORNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Selection For

Yield components of five regrowth cycles, two in 1981 and three in 1982, of three red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) populations and three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were compared in swards. Red clover left more stubble but produced less herbage and accumulated total yield (herbage, stubble and 10 cm depth root) at a slower rate than alfalfa during most regrowths. The percent leaf at flowering of red clover was similar to that of alfalfa. Maximum LAI declined during successive regrowths each year. Maximum crop growth rates were 30 and 34 g m−2 d−1 for red clover and alfalfa, respectively. Stem development (canopy height) followed patterns of accumulation of herbage yield. The initiation of stems was slower in red clover and stem populations were less than that of alfalfa. Selection for faster stem initiation rates, higher stem populations, and reduced partitioning of dry matter towards stem bases which would be left as stubble were suggested as ways of increasing the herbage yield of red clover.Key words: Trifolium pratense L., Medicago sativa L., yield components, growth analysis clover (red), alfalfa

EFFECT OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE ON YIELD OF FOUR FORAGE LEGUMES UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis ◽  
L. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Foliage yields of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were reduced by root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. and Stekh, 1941]. Foliage yields generally decreased with increased infestation levels. Significant yield reductions were recorded at the time of first cutting for white clover and birdsfoot trefoil, but not until several cuts later for red clover and alfalfa. Mean yields of birdsfoot trefoil, red clover, alfalfa, and white clover infested with 7,500 nematodes per pail were 50, 73, 83, and 93%, respectively, of control yields.

scholarly journals Ileal amino acid digestibilities in pigs of barley-based diets with inclusion of lucerne (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reverter ◽  
T. Lundh ◽  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Two experiments were performed with post-valve T-cannulated growing pigs, using five animals in each experiment in a change-over design to evaluate the effect of inclusion of four different dried forage meals on ileal crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibilities. The control diets (C1 and C2) were barley-based and the experimental diets were formulated by replacing the barley with 100 or 200 g/kg of either lucerne (Medicago sativa) or white clover (Trifolium repens) meal in Expt 1 and red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) meal in Expt 2. A decrease (P< 0·05) in the apparent ileal digestibility of CP and most of the essential and nonessential AA was found with the inclusion of lucerne, white clover and perennial ryegrass meal in the barley-based diets. When red clover meal was included, only the apparent ileal digestibilities of CP, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glutamic acid were found to decrease (P< 0·05). The estimated apparent ileal digestibilities of most essential AA in the forage meals were lower than in the barley-based diets. The ileal flow of glucosamine and ornithine was found to increase (P< 0·05) with increasing proportion of fibre in the diet, suggesting an increase in endogenous N secretions and small-intestinal microbial activity. With the minor changes found for ileal essential AA digestibilities with forage meal inclusion in the diet the present data confirm the potential of forage meals as a source of protein in pig diets.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control and Establishment of Three Forage Legumes with Three Selective Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig G. Davidson ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Robert L. McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Astragalus Cicer ◽  
The One ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} and RO-13-8895 {acetone-O-[d-2-[p-[(α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-oxy]phenoxy]propionyl]oxime} were evaluated for quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. ♯ AGRRE] control in ‘Norcen’ birdsfoot trefoil [Lotus corniculatus (L.)], ‘Monarch’ cicer milkvetch [Astragalus cicer (L.) Hook.], and ‘Arlington’ red clover [Trifolium pratense (L.)]. None of the herbicide treatments applied to weed-free legumes 3, 15, and 30 cm tall reduced crop ground cover or seed yield. Postemergence treatments of sethoxydim and RO-13-8895 applied to quackgrass in the one- to four-leaf stage, at rates from 0.56 to 1.1 kg ai/ha, gave control of 57 to 91% in September of the seedling year. Legumes in all postemergence herbicide-treated plots produced more seed than legumes in untreated plots, regardless of time of application. Sequential applications of sethoxydim, RO-13-8895, or fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid} at 0.14 plus 0.14 kg ai/ha gave more effective quackgrass control and greater legume ground cover than single applications at 0.28 kg ai/ha.

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