Present Status of Projects on the Biological Control of Weeds by Insects and Plant Pathogens in the United States and Canada

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Goeden ◽  
L. A. Andres ◽  
T. E. Freeman ◽  
P. Harris ◽  
R. L. Pienkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Biological Control Of Weeds

Weed species or genera previously and currently targeted for biological control with phytophagous insects or phytopathogens in the United States (including Hawaii) and Canada are listed. The current status of and natural enemies involved in national, federal, state, and university biological control projects are reported.

Evalution of Exotic Rust Fungi in the United States for Classical Biological Control of Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Bruckart ◽  
William M. Dowler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Biological Control Of Weeds

Evaluation and introduction of exotic plant pathogens for biological control of weeds in the United States takes place at the Plant Disease Research Laboratory (PDRL) in Frederick, MD. Pathogens of target weed species collected overseas are sent to PDRL and evaluated in a containment greenhouse for aggressiveness and specificity toward the target weed. Currently, rust fungi (Uredinales) are evaluated at PDRL for control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esual L. #4 EPHES), musk thistle [Carduus nutans L. ssp. leiophyllus (Petrovic) Stoj. & Stef. # CRUNU (= C. thoermeri Weinm.)], and yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L. # CENSO). Determination of host range is central to the evaluation of potential pathogens, but some difficulty has been experienced in obtaining propagative material of important plant species, especially if the plant is threatened or endangered. A proposal is made to organize a seed bank to meet this need.

Guidelines for Introducing Foreign Organisms into the United States for Biological Control of Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayton L. Klingman ◽  
Jack R. Coulson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Biological Control Of Weeds ◽  
Successful Program ◽  
Rush Skeletonweed

Research on biological control of weeds in the United States began early in this century with the use of introduced insects to control the weed, lantana (Lantana camara L.), in Hawaii. The highly successful program for biological control of St. Johnswort (sometimes called “Klamath weed”) (Hypericum perforatum L.) in California by the use of introduced insects in the 1940's and 1950's caused increased interest in this approach to weed control. As a result of this increased interest, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) established two overseas laboratories to study arthropod natural enemies of a number of weeds that had been introduced into the United States – in Rome, Italy, in 1959; and near Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1962. The recent and successful use of an introduced rust pathogen (Puccinia chondrillina Bubak & Syd.) to control rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Australia, and the production and utilization of pathogens for control of weeds in the United States, has spurred further interest in biological control.

scholarly journals SURVEY FOR ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH DYER’S WOAD, ISATIS TINCTORIA L. (BRASSICACEAE), IN CENTRAL ITALY, AND PRELIMINARY HOST SPECIFICITY TESTS FOR SOME POTENTIAL CONTROL AGENTS (INSECTA)

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Gaetano Campobasso ◽  
Enzo Colonnelli ◽  
Hank Mc Neel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Isatis Tinctoria ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One

A survey conducted in central Italy found 126 species of phytophagous insects from five orders and 25 families on dyer’s woad,<em> Isatis tinctoria</em> L., a biennial or short-lived perennial. About 75% of the species found attacking this weed were polyphagous, 20% were restricted to the family Brassicaceae, and only 5% were restricted to the genus <em>Isatis</em>. Four of the one hundred twenty six species recovered were specific enough to merit further research as candidates for biological control of <em>I. tinctoria</em> L. in the United States. Preliminary host range tests were conducted for the weevils <em>Ceutorhynchus</em> <em>rusticus</em> Gyllenhal, <em>Ceutorhynchus</em> <em>peyerimoffi</em> Hustache, <em>Aulacobaris</em> <em>fallax</em> (H. Brisout), and the fleabeetle <em>Psylliodes isatidis</em> Heikertinger. All tests were conducted at the USDA-ARS-EBCL Rome substation from 2003 to 2006 and are reported herein.

scholarly journals Fire Ants (Solenopsisspp.) and Their Natural Enemies in Southern South America

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Briano ◽  
Luis Calcaterra ◽  
Laura Varone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
South America ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fire Ants ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Field Release

We review the fire ant research conducted by the ARS-South American Biological Control Laboratory (SABCL) since 1987 to find a complex of natural enemies in southern South America and evaluate their specificity and suitability for field release as self-sustaining biological control agents. We also include those studies conducted by the ARS-Center for Medical, Agriculture, and Veterinary Entomology in the United States with the SABCL collaboration. Ecological and biological information is reported on local fire ants and their microsporidia, nematodes, viruses, phorid flies, eucharitid wasps, strepsiptera, and parasitic ants. Their biology, abundance, distribution, detrimental effect, field persistence, specificity, and phenology are discussed. We conclude that the objectives of the ARS program in South America are being achieved and that the pioneering studies have served to encourage further investigations in the United States and other countries and advanced the implementation of biological control programs to decrease imported fire ant densities and damage. Still, several promising organisms should be further investigated for eventual field release in the near future.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant weeds in turfgrass: current status and emerging threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Target Site Resistance

AbstractHerbicide-resistant weeds pose a severe threat to sustainable vegetation management in various production systems worldwide. The majority of the herbicide resistance cases reported thus far originate from agronomic production systems where herbicide use is intensive, especially in industrialized countries. Another notable sector with heavy reliance on herbicides for weed control is managed turfgrass systems, particularly golf courses and athletic fields. Intensive use of herbicides, coupled with a lack of tillage and other mechanical tools that are options in agronomic systems, increases the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds evolving in managed turfgrass systems. Among the notable weed species at high risk for evolving resistance under managed turf systems in the United States are annual bluegrass, goosegrass, and crabgrasses. The evolution and spread of multiple herbicide resistance, an emerging threat facing the turfgrass industry, should be addressed with the use of diversified management tools. Target-site resistance has been reported commonly as a mechanism of resistance for many herbicide groups, though non–target site resistance is an emerging concern. Despite the anecdotal evidence of the mounting weed resistance issues in managed turf systems, the lack of systematic and periodic surveys at regional and national scales means that confirmed reports are very limited and sparse. Furthermore, currently available information is widely scattered in the literature. This review provides a concise summary of the current status of herbicide-resistant weeds in managed turfgrass systems in the United States and highlights key emerging threats.

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