Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) Competition in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Sharkey Clay ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

The competitive effects of hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory] on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Forrest’] were studied on Sharkey clay for 2 yr. In full-season competition, hemp sesbania populations of 1,600, 3,200, 3,900, and 5,500 plants/ha did not reduce adjusted soybean yields, but populations of 8,100 to 129,200 plants/ha reduced yields 10 to 80%. Competition by hemp sesbania at 68,000 plants/ha for 1 to 4 weeks after soybean emergence reduced soybean yields 8% or less, whereas competition by the same population for 6, 8, and 10 weeks after soybean emergence reduced adjusted yields 18, 27, and 43%, respectively. Hemp sesbania populations of 3,200 plants/ha or more reduced the grade of harvested soybeans and populations of 5,500 plants/ha increased the level of foreign material found in seed samples taken at harvest. Hemp sesbania populations above 10,700 plants/ha increased the levels of damaged kernels and moisture in harvested soybean seed. Early-season control was required for highest soybean yields and total returns. The most critical period for control was 4 to 10 weeks after emergence of soybeans.

Effects of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and Delayed Harvest on Soybeans

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
James M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Date ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

The effect of delayed harvest was investigated with two soybean cultivars that were grown weed free or in competition with johnsongrass or hemp sesbania over a 3-yr period. Johnsongrass reduced the yield of early-maturing ‘Hill’ soybean 32, 35, and 36% when harvested at an average of 1, 2, or 3 wk after maturity, when compared to weed-free yields of 2490, 2430, and 2270 kg ha−1, respectively. Late-maturing ‘Lee 68’ yields were reduced 27, 29, and 39% on three harvest dates compared to weed-free yields of 2570, 2310, and 2200 kg ha−1, respectively. Seed grades of both cultivars improved with delayed harvest, but this was offset when johnsongrass was present. Hemp sesbania reduced yields of Hill 23% on the first harvest date and 26% on the second and third dates. Yields of Lee 68 were reduced 16, 22, and 28% by hemp sesbania on three successive harvest dates. The value of soybean yields adjusted for excessive foreign material, moisture, and damaged kernels was decreased by delayed harvest when hemp sesbania was present in Lee 68 and when johnsongrass was present in both cultivars.

Weed Competition in Rice

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.], duck-salad [Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd.], hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory], and northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P.] significantly reduced rice [Oryza sativa L.] yields. Damage to rice increased as populations of barnyardgrass, hemp sesbania, and northern jointvetch increased. Barnyardgrass and duck-salad lowered yields during early season, but hemp sesbania and northern jointvetch decreased yields in late season.

Bentazon Applied Postemergence for Economical Control of Common Cocklebur in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Over The Top

Effectiveness of bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] for control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was evaluated in field research over a 3-yr period. Bentazon, applied over-the-top at 0.6 to 1.1 kg/ha, controlled common cocklebur more effectively than over-the-top or directed applications of dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 0.8 to 1.7 kg/ha or 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] at 0.2 kg/ha. Single applications of bentazon were highly effective for control of common cocklebur, but multiple applications usually provided the best control and highest soybean yields. A preemergence treatment of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] at 1.1 kg/ha and a postemergence application of bentazon at 1.1 kg/ha provided 92 to 99% control of common cocklebur. Control of common cocklebur with bentazon reduced discounts in harvested soybean seed caused by excessive moisture content and foreign material. The reduction in discounts improved soybean seed grades.

Interference and Critical Time of Removal of Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles T. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
White Cotton ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

Hemp sesbania interference in cotton was investigated in the greenhouse and in a 2-yr field experiment at Stoneville, MS. In greenhouse experiments, cotton and hemp sesbania heights and plant dry weights (PDW) were not different in ratios of cotton to hemp sesbania of 4:0, 2:2, 1:3, and 0:4 at 3 and 5 wk after emergence (WAE). Hemp sesbania PDW were less for ratios of cotton to hemp sesbania of 3:1 when compared to hemp sesbania PDW of other ratios. Early season cotton seedling vigor and growth (0 to 28 DAP) were not affected by 32 000 hemp sesbania plants ha-1(3 plants m of row-1). Hemp sesbania plants were hand removed 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 d after planting (DAP). White cotton blooms and yields were reduced when hemp sesbania plants were not removed by 70 DAP. Seed cotton yields were 2590, 2570, 2460, 2030, 1610, and 1070 kg ha-1for hemp sesbania removed at 28, 42, 46, 70 and 84 DAP or not removed, respectively. The critical period of weed control or removal of hemp sesbania in cotton is ≤62 DAP.

Behavior and Fate of Metribuzin in Soybean and Hemp Sesbania

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Hargroder ◽  
R. L. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H) one] by soybean (Glycine maxMerr. ‘Lee 68′) and hemp sesbania (Sesbania exaltataL.) grown in nutrient solution and in soil treated with14C-metribuzin were investigated. Absorption studies indicated there were no significant differences in the amount of14C-metribuzin absorbed from treated nutrient solution by soybean (tolerant) and hemp sesbania (susceptible). When these species were grown in14C-metribuzin treated soil, hemp sesbania absorbed appreciably more herbicide than did soybean.14C-metribuzin and (or) its14C-metabolites were translocated from the roots to the shoots of both species. Radioactivity was rapidly translocated and accumulated in all the leaves of hemp sesbania, but it tended to accumulate to the greatest extent in the roots and lower leaves of soybean. Translocation differences between the two species were apparent in plants grown either in soil or nutrient solution treated with14C-metribuzin. However, differences were greatest in plants grown in treated soil. Preliminary metabolic studies indicated that a higher rate of metribuzin degradation occurred in soybean than in hemp sesbania. The major14C-metabolite appeared to be the relatively nonphytotoxic deaminated diketo derivative [6-tert-butyl-1,2,4,-triazine-3-5(2H,4H)dione]. Thus, differences in the absorption, translocation, and metabolism of metribuzin all appeared to contribute to the differential susceptibility of soybean and hemp sesbania to metribuzin.

Role of Edamame (Glycine max) Seed Size in Early-Season Crop–Weed Interactions

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Crawford ◽  
Martin M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Weed Emergence

AbstractEdamame [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] differs from grain-type soybean in several aspects, one being that edamame seeds are 65% to 100% larger than grain-type soybean seed. Crop seed size has implications for weed management in grain-type soybean; however, the extent to which this observation holds true for edamame is unknown. Because weed interference continues to be a barrier to domestic edamame production, the objective was to quantify the effect of edamame seed size on the crop’s ability to tolerate weed interference (CT) and the crop’s ability to suppress weeds (WSA). Five edamame cultivars plus one grain-type cultivar were each sorted to create “small” and “large” seed size classes. Seed lots were included in a split–split plot design, whereby an additional experimental factor was presence or absence of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedik.). Crop and weed emergence and growth were monitored through 8 wk after emergence (WAE). Crop plants from large seed had higher tolerance toA. theophrastithan plants from small seed, as evidenced by crop height, area, and biomass. Edamame seed size had little effect on WSA; however, crop cultivars differentially reducedA. theophrastileaf area and biomass at 4 and 8 WAE. While both seed size and edamame cultivar influence early-season crop competitive ability, the magnitude of these factors on CT and WSA underscores the importance of considering them not as stand-alone tactics but rather as useful additions to a more comprehensive integrated weed management system.

Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max) with Mefluidide Applied Postemergence

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
W. L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Over The Top

Mefluidide {N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-amino] phenyl] acetamide} was applied postemergence in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fields and its effectiveness in controlling johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.], hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory], and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.) was evaluated. In plots treated preplanting with trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), mefluidide gave 95% johnsongrass control when it was applied postemergence (over-the-top without surfactant) once at 0.90 kg/ha or twice at 0.44 kg/ha. Directed sprays of mefluidide at 0.22 to 0.67 kg/ha without surfactant were more effective on johnsongrass than similar treatments applied over-the-top. When 0.5% (v/v) nonoxynol [α-(p-nonyl-phenyl)-ω-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)] surfactant was added, mefluidide at 0.44 or 0.67 kg/ha applied as directed or over-the-top sprays provided 76 to 90% johnsongrass control. Mefluidide at 1.12 kg/ha plus nonoxynol surfactant, applied as a directed spray, was required to provide 81% control of hemp sesbania. Directed sprays containing mixtures of mefluidide at 0.28 kg/ha plus dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 2.2 kg/ha, or mefluidide at 0.28 kg/ha plus a 2:1 mixture of naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid)/dinoseb at 4.7 L/ha, effectively controlled 40- to 60-cm-tall hemp sesbania. A single, directed spray of mefluidide at 0.56 kg/ha plus nonoxynol provided 92% common cocklebur control, and mixtures of mefluidide at 0.28 kg/ha plus dinoseb at 2.2 kg/ha or naptalam/dinoseb (a 2:1 mixture) at 4.7 L/ha increased control above that provided by either of the herbicides alone.

Postemergence Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roy Vidrine ◽  
Daniel B. Reynolds ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Highly Correlated

Field studies were conducted at three locations in Louisiana over two years to evaluate mid-season, foliar-applied acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen for hemp sesbania control in soybean. Acifluorfen and fomesafen were applied POST at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 140, and 280 g ai ha–1and lactofen was applied at 60, 80, 110, and 220 g ai ha–1. The data fit a quadratic model and log transformations were made to determine differences between treatments. Hemp sesbania control was highly correlated with herbicide rate for each herbicide. Averaged over rates of application, acifluorfen and fomesafen provided equivalent control of hemp sesbania, which was greater than that achieved with lactofen. The minimum effective rate of acifluorfen or fomesafen for 80 and 100% control of 50- to 60-cm hemp sesbania was 50 and 140 g ha–1, respectively. The minimum effective lactofen rate to provide at least 80% control was 220 g har–1.

Weed Control in Soybeans by Glyphosate Applied in the Recirculating Sprayer

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
June July ◽  
Over The Top

Field experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of applying glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] postemergence for the control of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.), and hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory] in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Herbicide sprays were directed across the row to weeds growing taller than soybeans in June, July, and August. Herbicide not sprayed on weeds was trapped and reused. Glyphosate at 1.12 and 1.68 kg/ha effectively controlled johnsongrass with little soybean injury and with greatly increased soybean yields. The use of 0.1% surfactant frequently increased the toxicity of glyphosate at 1.12 and 1.68 kg/ha to soybeans, but this adverse effect was overcome by the use of 0.1% anti-drift polymer in sprays. Control of redroot pigweed with glyphosate at 1.12 kg/ha was improved by the use of 0.1% surfactant, but surfactant did not increase control with glyphosate at 1.68 kg/ha. Glyphosate at 1.68 kg/ha, with 0.1% surfactant, was required to provide more than 80% control of hemp sesbania. Glyphosate applied at 1.12 kg/ha in the recirculating sprayer provided equal johnsongrass control, increased soybean yields and caused less soybean injury than when glyphosate at 0.56 kg/ha was applied over-the-top in water or in foam.

Effectiveness of Metribuzin Applied Preemergence for Economical Control of Common Cocklebur in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

The effectiveness of several preemergence and postemergence weed control systems for control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was determined in field research over a 3-yr period. Sequential applications of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] at 1.1 kg/ha applied preemergence, and dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 1.7 kg/ha, 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] at 0.2 kg/ha, or bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] at 1.1 kg/ha applied postemergence, provided at least 90% control of common cocklebur and increased soybean yields. Use of single herbicide applications was less effective than sequential applications, but metribuzin applied preemergence was more effective in controlling common cocklebur and increasing soybean yields than single applications of any herbicide applied postemergence. Effective control of common cocklebur with sequential herbicide treatments increased soybean seed grades by reducing discounts caused by several grade lowering components including moisture content and foreign material in harvested seed. Use of all herbicide practices increased returns above specified costs, but greatest returns followed use of sequential treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document