Bentazon Applied Postemergence for Economical Control of Common Cocklebur in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Over The Top

Effectiveness of bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] for control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was evaluated in field research over a 3-yr period. Bentazon, applied over-the-top at 0.6 to 1.1 kg/ha, controlled common cocklebur more effectively than over-the-top or directed applications of dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 0.8 to 1.7 kg/ha or 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] at 0.2 kg/ha. Single applications of bentazon were highly effective for control of common cocklebur, but multiple applications usually provided the best control and highest soybean yields. A preemergence treatment of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] at 1.1 kg/ha and a postemergence application of bentazon at 1.1 kg/ha provided 92 to 99% control of common cocklebur. Control of common cocklebur with bentazon reduced discounts in harvested soybean seed caused by excessive moisture content and foreign material. The reduction in discounts improved soybean seed grades.

Effectiveness of Metribuzin Applied Preemergence for Economical Control of Common Cocklebur in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

The effectiveness of several preemergence and postemergence weed control systems for control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was determined in field research over a 3-yr period. Sequential applications of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] at 1.1 kg/ha applied preemergence, and dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) at 1.7 kg/ha, 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] at 0.2 kg/ha, or bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] at 1.1 kg/ha applied postemergence, provided at least 90% control of common cocklebur and increased soybean yields. Use of single herbicide applications was less effective than sequential applications, but metribuzin applied preemergence was more effective in controlling common cocklebur and increasing soybean yields than single applications of any herbicide applied postemergence. Effective control of common cocklebur with sequential herbicide treatments increased soybean seed grades by reducing discounts caused by several grade lowering components including moisture content and foreign material in harvested seed. Use of all herbicide practices increased returns above specified costs, but greatest returns followed use of sequential treatments.

Hemp Sesbania (Sesbania exaltata) Competition in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Sharkey Clay ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

The competitive effects of hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory] on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Forrest’] were studied on Sharkey clay for 2 yr. In full-season competition, hemp sesbania populations of 1,600, 3,200, 3,900, and 5,500 plants/ha did not reduce adjusted soybean yields, but populations of 8,100 to 129,200 plants/ha reduced yields 10 to 80%. Competition by hemp sesbania at 68,000 plants/ha for 1 to 4 weeks after soybean emergence reduced soybean yields 8% or less, whereas competition by the same population for 6, 8, and 10 weeks after soybean emergence reduced adjusted yields 18, 27, and 43%, respectively. Hemp sesbania populations of 3,200 plants/ha or more reduced the grade of harvested soybeans and populations of 5,500 plants/ha increased the level of foreign material found in seed samples taken at harvest. Hemp sesbania populations above 10,700 plants/ha increased the levels of damaged kernels and moisture in harvested soybean seed. Early-season control was required for highest soybean yields and total returns. The most critical period for control was 4 to 10 weeks after emergence of soybeans.

Preharvest Effects of Applying Glyphosate to Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Azlin ◽  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Over The Top

Over a 4-yr period, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was applied over-the-top to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] at five rates, from 0.56 to 3.36 kg/ha, at four periods of time prior to harvest, 23 to 29 days, 15 to 21 days, 7 to 12 days, and 1 to 4 days. Soybean yields were reduced when glyphosate was applied at 2.24 and 3.36 kg/ha 23 to 29 days before harvest. Soybean seed were discolored following all five rates of glyphosate applied 23 to 29 days before harvest, following glyphosate at 1.12 to 3.36 kg/ha applied 15 to 21 days before harvest, and following glyphosate at 3.36 kg/ha applied 7 to 12 days before harvest. Germination of soybean seed was reduced at 30 C only when glyphosate was applied at 2.24 and 3.36 kg/ha 23 to 29 days before harvest, or at 3.36 kg/ha applied 15 to 21 days before harvest. At alternating temperatures (10.6 C for 72 h followed by 30 C for 72 h), all treatments applied 23 to 29 days before harvest reduced soybean seed germination; glyphosate at 1.12, 1.68, and 3.36 kg/ha applied 15 to 21 days before harvest also reduced germination. Seed from plots treated with glyphosate 23 to 29 or 15 to 21 days before harvest produced atypical soybean plants. Glyphosate at 2.24 and 3.36 kg/ha applied 23 to 29 days before harvest reduced the oil content in soybean seed, but none of the treatments consistently affected the protein content.

Controlling Volunteer Corn (Zea mays) in Soybeans (Glycine max) with Diclofop and Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Andersen ◽  
J. Harlan Ford ◽  
William E. Lueschen
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Spray Treatment

We compared diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}, as an early over-the-top spray treatment, and glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], applied twice in repeated applications with a rope-wick applicator, for control of simulated volunteer corn (Zea maysL.) planted in clumps at various intervals in rows of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Uncontrolled corn at the lowest density (clumps 2.4m apart in the row) reduced soybean yields an average of 31%. Both herbicides were highly effective in controlling corn, but when corn densities were high, diclofop treatments often resulted in greater soybean yields than did glyphosate treatments — presumably because corn interfered with the soybeans for a longer time before glyphosate was applied.

Soybean (Glycine max) Yield and Quality Responses Associated with Wild Poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) Control Programs

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa S. Willard ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
One Year ◽  
Better Than

In field studies conducted over 2 yr, POST applications of chlorimuron, imazaquin, fomesafen, or acifluorfen following PRE applications of clomazone, metribuzin, or metribuzin plus chlorimuron enhanced wild poinsettia control when compared with the PRE herbicides applied alone. Wild poinsettia control was highest for imazaquin compared with other PRE treatments and with the exception of fomesafen, applications of POST herbicides following imazaquin PRE did not improve weed control. With the addition of POST herbicides, soybean yields were generally not increased, but moisture content in one year and foreign material content both years were reduced. In other studies, early POST applications (2 to 8 cm) of fomesafen, imazaquin, acifluorfen, lactofen, and chlorimuron controlled wild poinsettia better than late POST applications (10 to 15 cm) in only one year. Soybean yields both years were generally similar regardless of herbicide application time.

Effect of 2,4-DB on Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Barker ◽  
Lafayette Thompson ◽  
Robert P. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Seed Yields

Field and greenhouse studies conducted in North Carolina in 1981 and 1982 evaluated the effect of the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid] on soybeans. In the field, 2,4-DB at and above 0.07 kg ae/ha reduced soybean shoot mass, leaf nitrogen levels, and nodule activity. Soybean seed yields were reduced by 2,4-DB at and above 0.07 kg/ha. In greenhouse studies, total nodule activity was reduced by 0.07 and 0.14 kg/ha of 2,4-DB. Soybeans treated with 2,4-DB at initiation of flowering (R1 stage) or when pods were 1.9 cm long (R4 stage) yielded progeny with visible injury symptoms. Seedling emergence was also reduced in progeny of soybeans.

The Technical and Economic Effects of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Summer Fallow

The effect of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.] on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] yields, grades, and net returns were determined by regression analysis of data from 252 field research plots from 1971 through 1976. Johnsongrass control from 0 to 100% was achieved by various combinations of summer fallow, dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) as a preplanting application at 8.3 kg/ha, or trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) at 0.8 to 1.7 kg/ha incorporated into the soil before planting. Repeated usage of trifluralin at 1.7 kg/ha, either with or without use of summer fallow, provided the most effective and most profitable soybean production. Foreign material in soybean seed samples was about 0.8% with 100% johnsongrass control and nearly 6% with no control. At least 70% johnsongrass control was required to avoid deductions from gross harvested weights caused by seed moisture levels exceeding 13%. Levels of johnsongrass control in excess of 60% tended to increase soybean test weights. With 100% johnsongrass control, about 1.2% damaged soybean seed occurred; whereas, without johnsongrass control, about 1.7% seed damage occurred. The level of johnsongrass control had little effect on the level of split soybean seed at harvest. Failure to control johnsongrass resulted in predicted soybean grades of 4.1; whereas, nearly 100% johnsongrass control was necessary to provide U.S. No. 1 grade soybeans. Soybean yields were increased 4.8 to 6.2% for each 10% increase in johnsongrass control when plots were not fallowed or after fallowing, respectively. Net returns in soybean production were nearly twice as great with 100% johnsongrass control as when johnsongrass was not controlled.

Genetic dissection of 2-heptenal content in soybean (Glycine max) seed through genome-wide association study

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Zhikun Wang ◽  
Mingming Yang ◽  
Yuanzhuo Wang ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Xue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Quality Characteristic ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Association analysis is an alternative to conventional, family-based methods for detecting the location of gene(s) or quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and provides relatively high resolution in terms of defining the genome position of a gene or QTL. Flavour is an essential quality characteristic of soymilk; however, soymilk contains volatile compounds unacceptable to consumers. One of main constituents in the volatiles of normal soymilk is 2-heptenal, which is thought to be a degradative oxidation product of polyunsaturated acids. In this study, a genome-wide association study using 24651 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) controlling 2-heptenal content in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed from a natural population of 110 soybean germplasm accessions. We detected 62 significant QTNs located on 18 different chromosomes that are significantly associated with 2-heptenal content in soybean seed. Among these, 17 QTNs co-localised with QTLs previously found to be related to protein, oil and/or fatty acid content in soybean seed. We also identified some candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism. These findings further our understanding of the genetic basis of 2-heptenal content in soybean seed and the improvement of marker-assisted breeding efficiency, which will be important for breeding soybean cultivars with low 2-heptenal content.

Subchronic Toxicity of Lunasin Targeted Extract (ET-Lun) from Soybean Seed (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): Perspective from Liver Histopathology, SGOT, and SGPT Levels in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1384-1388
Author(s):  
Numlil Khaira Rusdi ◽  
Weri Lia Yuliana ◽  
Erni Hernawati Purwaningsih ◽  
Andon Hestiantoro ◽  
Kusmardi Kusmardi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Glycine Max L

scholarly journals Alternative procedure for the cold test for soybean seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Guilherme Torres Licursi Vieira ◽  
Roberval Daiton Vieira ◽  
Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski ◽  
José de Barros França Neto
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Alternative Procedure ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Seed Crops

The growing demand for high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds requires a precise seed quality control system from the seed industry. One way to accomplish this is by improving vigor testing. Cold test has been traditionally employed for corn seeds. However, it has also been used for other seed crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp.), soybean (Glycine Max), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum). This study was carried out with the objective of adjusting an alternative procedure for the cold test to determine soybean seed vigor. Six commercial soybean seed lots of the cultivar BRS 133 were used. The physiological potential of the seed lots was evaluated by germination on paper towel and sand box, seedling field emergence, tetrazolium, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Seed moisture content was also determined. The temperature used for the cold test procedures was 10ºC during five days. Four cold test procedures were evaluated: i) plastic boxes with soil; ii) rolled paper towel with soil; iii) rolled paper towel without soil, and iv) an alternative procedure, using rolled paper towel without soil under cold water. A completely randomized experimental design with eight replications was used and the means were compared by the Tukey test (p = 0.05). To verify the dependence between the alternative test and others single linear correlation was used. All cold test procedures had similar coefficients of variation (CV), highlighting that rolled paper towel with soil and the alternative procedure had the best performance, with an average of 94% and 93% normal seedlings and CV of 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively. The alternative procedure has satisfactory results for estimating soybean seed vigor, yielding consistent results compared to the traditional procedure.

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