Interactions of Diclofop-Methyl and 2,4-D in Cultivated Oats (Avena sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fletcher ◽  
D. M. Drexler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Methyl Methyl ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Leaf Segments ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Formation

The chlorophyll levels and growth of oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Elgin’) seedlings were drastically reduced after foliar application of diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate}. The leaves were chlorotic and necrotic with the newly emerging leaves being most affected. Plants treated with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were similar to the controls. When 2,4-D was applied to intact plants in combination with diclofop-methyl the toxicity symptoms produced by diclofop-methyl were reduced. Diclofop-methyl disrupted membrane integrity and inhibited chlorophyll formation in excised leaf segments. Addition of 2,4-D with diclofop-methyl did not change the effects produced by diclofop-methyl alone in excised leaf segments.

Effects of Chlorsulfuron or 2,4-D upon Diclofop-Methyl Efficacy in Oat (Avena sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hall ◽  
Lloyd V. Edgington ◽  
Clayton M. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Equimolar Concentration ◽  
Methyl Methyl ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Elgin′) seedlings were treated with combinations of diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} and 2,4-D amine [dimethylamine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] or diclofop-methyl and chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} to determine the effect of the added herbicide on diclofop-methyl activity. Diclofop-methyl applied alone at rates of 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 kg/ha killed the oat plants 14 days after treatment. When 2,4-D amine at 0.74 and 1.11 kg/ha was combined with diclofop-methyl, the phytotoxicity of diclofop-methyl was reduced. An antagonistic interaction between diclofop-methyl and 2,4-D was detected. Chlorsulfuron, applied alone, at 20, 40, or 60 g/ha did not affect the growth of oats. Chlorsulfuron additions did not affect the activity of diclofop-methyl. Diclofop-methyl reduced oat coleoptile elongation. Equimolar concentrations of diclofop-methyl and 2,4-D at or above 1 μM significantly reduced the 2,4-D response. A ten-fold increase of either 2,4-D or diclofop-methyl, above an equimolar concentration of 1 μM, significantly enhanced the effect of the herbicide being increased.

Detoxification of 2,4-D by Several Plant Species

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Dexter ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Susceptible Plant ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The amount of free, unaltered (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) in resistant and susceptible plant species 1, 4, and 8 days after treatment was determined by three procedures. Centrifugation and chromatography of plant homogenates was a more reliable assay than trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation or dialysis procedures. The foliar penetration of 14C-2-4-D and radioactivity which moved from roots into the growth media following foliar application of 14C-2,4-D varied from one plant species to another, but no general correlations with 2,4-D resistance was observed. The resistant burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) were not fatally injured primarily because unaltered 2,4-D was immobilized in the treated leaves and unaltered, free 2,4-D was reduced to nontoxic concentrations. The 2,4-D in susceptible cocklebur (Xanthium sp.) remained largely as free and mobile 2,4-D, and the treated plants were near death 8 days after treatment.

Control of Wild Cane in Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The most effective and dependable method of controlling wild cane [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in corn (Zea mays L.) was with a combination of cultivation plus herbicides. Timely cultivations were equally or more effective than preplant herbicides in controlling wild cane, but neither method was adequate by itself. The best herbicide in this study for the control of wild cane in corn was S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) alone or in combination with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) or 2-chloro-4,6-bis-(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine). Residual effects of simazine at 4 lb/A in the soil reduced the yield of the following oats (Avena sativa L.) crop 1 out of 3 years.

Translocation of Different 2,4-D, Bentazon, Diclofop, or Diclofop-Methyl Combinations in Oat (Avena sativa) and Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hall ◽  
Lloyd V. Edgington ◽  
Clayton M. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Treatment Zone ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Ether Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Elgin′) and soybean (Glycine maxL. ‘Evans′) were treated with14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propionic acid]} or14C-diclofop alone or in combination with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and14C-2,4-D alone or in combination with diclofop-methyl or diclofop. More radioactivity was recovered in the treatment zone after14C-diclofop-methyl applications, alone or in combination, than after similar14C-diclofop treatments in oat and soybean. Basipetal movement of radioactivity was 4 and 1% and acropetal movement was 1 and 4% in oat and soybean, respectively, regardless of the diphenyl ether treatment or time. Addition of 2,4-D or bentazon did not reduce translocation of radioactivity from14C-diclofop-methyl treatments in either plant species. Basipetal movement of radioactivity from14C-diclofop-methyl was greater than from14C-diclofop in both oat and soybean. The addition of diclofop-methyl or diclofop did not affect the pattern or amount of14C-2,4-D radioactivity translocated. In oats, radioactivity appeared to accumulate within the intercalary meristematic region with14C-2,4-D and14C-diphenyl-ether applications. Diclofop-methyl at 1 kg/ha applied either to an entire oat plant at the three-leaf stage or the apical meristemic region resulted in plant mortality. The extent to which transport contributes to diclofop-methyl efficacy is questioned.

Uptake, Translocation, and Fate of 2,4-D in Nightflowering Catchfly and Common Lambsquarters

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The uptake, translocation, and fate of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) were compared in nightflowering catchfly (Silene noctiflora L.) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), resistant and susceptible species, respectively. Nightflowering catchfly leaf sections absorbed more 2,4-D from 5 × 10-4 M and 5 × 10-6 M 2,4-D solutions at pH 3.0 than did leaf sections of common lambsquarters. Intact plants of both species accumulated 2,4-D in the stems and leaves below the treated leaf. At 72 hr after treatment, nightflowering catchfly released 2,4-D through the roots into the nutrient solution while common lambsquarters continued to accumulate 2,4-D. Nightflowering catchfly metabolized 2,4-D and the metabolite was recovered in the roots 24 hr after treatment, whereas common lambsquarters did not metabolize 2,4-D.

scholarly journals Tissue Culture and Plant Regeneration of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 627f-627
Author(s):  
Lurline Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Segments ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Cotyledonary Node Explants

Explants (cotyledon, cotyledonary node, second node, hypocotyl, epicotyl, and leaf) of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes MN13 and Pinkeye Purple Hull were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal nutrient medium. The medium was supplemented with 1 mg·L–1 benzyladenine (BA) or 1 mg·L–1 benzyladenine plus naphthalene acetic acid (BA + NAA) or 2 mg·L–1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). Cultures were maintained at 22°C for 1 month, after which they were transferred to 1 mg·L–1 BA + NAA. Cotyledons, hypocotyl, epicotyl, and leaf segments produced only calli after subculturing in BA + NAA. The second node and cotyledonary node explants cultured on the BA or BA + NAA followed by subculture on BA + NAA produced calli, shoots, and roots. The plants were then transplanted to promix but later died.

Plant Regeneration from Excised Cotyledons of Mature Strawberry Achenes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raymond Miller ◽  
Craig K. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Shoot Buds ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Multiple Shoot Buds ◽  
Rapid Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A protocol was developed for excising and culturing cotyledon explants from mature achenes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Cotyledon explants formed callus with multiple shoot buds on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog media containing several combinations of hormones (1 μm 2,4-D; 10 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA; 5 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA + 5 μm NAA; 5 μ m BA + 15 μ m NAA). After three subcultures, only tissues maintained on the medium containing 5 μm BA + 5 μm NAA continued to form shoots. Tissues transferred to other media eventually died (1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μ m BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA; 5 μ m BA + 1 μ m 2,4-D), became unorganized (1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 15 μm NAA), or formed roots (10 μm 2,4-D). Whole plantlets were produced by transferring callus with buds to medium lacking hormones. The rapid regeneration of clonal plantlets from cotyledon explants may be useful for reducing variability in future developmental studies. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D); and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

Cotton Resistance to 2,4‐Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid Spray Drift 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Regier ◽  
R. E. Dilbeck ◽  
D. J. Undersander ◽  
J. E. Quisenberry
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Spray Drift ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Comparative Time-Course Physiological Responses and Proteomic Analysis of Melatonin Priming on Promoting Germination in Aged Oat (Avena sativa L.) Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Huifang Yan ◽  
Peisheng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Aged Seeds

Melatonin priming is an effective strategy to improve the germination of aged oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds, but the mechanism involved in its time-course responses has remained largely unknown. In the present study, the phenotypic differences, ultrastructural changes, physiological characteristics, and proteomic profiles were examined in aged and melatonin-primed seed (with 10 μM melatonin treatment for 12, 24, and 36 h). Thus, 36 h priming (T36) had a better remediation effect on aged seeds, reflecting in the improved germinability and seedlings, relatively intact cell ultrastructures, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Proteomic analysis revealed 201 differentially abundant proteins between aged and T36 seeds, of which 96 were up-accumulated. In melatonin-primed seeds, the restoration of membrane integrity by improved antioxidant capacity, which was affected by the stimulation of jasmonic acid synthesis via up-accumulation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase, might be a candidate mechanism. Moreover, the relatively intact ultrastructures enabled amino acid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which were closely associated with energy generation through intermediates of pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate, fumarate, and α-ketoglutarate, thus providing energy, active amino acids, and secondary metabolites necessary for germination improvement of aged seeds. These findings clarify the time-course related pathways associated with melatonin priming on promoting the germination of aged oat seeds.

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