Effects of Chlorsulfuron or 2,4-D upon Diclofop-Methyl Efficacy in Oat (Avena sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hall ◽  
Lloyd V. Edgington ◽  
Clayton M. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Equimolar Concentration ◽  
Methyl Methyl ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Coleoptile Elongation ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Elgin′) seedlings were treated with combinations of diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} and 2,4-D amine [dimethylamine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] or diclofop-methyl and chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide} to determine the effect of the added herbicide on diclofop-methyl activity. Diclofop-methyl applied alone at rates of 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 kg/ha killed the oat plants 14 days after treatment. When 2,4-D amine at 0.74 and 1.11 kg/ha was combined with diclofop-methyl, the phytotoxicity of diclofop-methyl was reduced. An antagonistic interaction between diclofop-methyl and 2,4-D was detected. Chlorsulfuron, applied alone, at 20, 40, or 60 g/ha did not affect the growth of oats. Chlorsulfuron additions did not affect the activity of diclofop-methyl. Diclofop-methyl reduced oat coleoptile elongation. Equimolar concentrations of diclofop-methyl and 2,4-D at or above 1 μM significantly reduced the 2,4-D response. A ten-fold increase of either 2,4-D or diclofop-methyl, above an equimolar concentration of 1 μM, significantly enhanced the effect of the herbicide being increased.

Translocation of Different 2,4-D, Bentazon, Diclofop, or Diclofop-Methyl Combinations in Oat (Avena sativa) and Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hall ◽  
Lloyd V. Edgington ◽  
Clayton M. Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Treatment Zone ◽  
Meristematic Region ◽  
Ether Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Elgin′) and soybean (Glycine maxL. ‘Evans′) were treated with14C-diclofop-methyl {methyl ester of 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propionic acid]} or14C-diclofop alone or in combination with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] or bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and14C-2,4-D alone or in combination with diclofop-methyl or diclofop. More radioactivity was recovered in the treatment zone after14C-diclofop-methyl applications, alone or in combination, than after similar14C-diclofop treatments in oat and soybean. Basipetal movement of radioactivity was 4 and 1% and acropetal movement was 1 and 4% in oat and soybean, respectively, regardless of the diphenyl ether treatment or time. Addition of 2,4-D or bentazon did not reduce translocation of radioactivity from14C-diclofop-methyl treatments in either plant species. Basipetal movement of radioactivity from14C-diclofop-methyl was greater than from14C-diclofop in both oat and soybean. The addition of diclofop-methyl or diclofop did not affect the pattern or amount of14C-2,4-D radioactivity translocated. In oats, radioactivity appeared to accumulate within the intercalary meristematic region with14C-2,4-D and14C-diphenyl-ether applications. Diclofop-methyl at 1 kg/ha applied either to an entire oat plant at the three-leaf stage or the apical meristemic region resulted in plant mortality. The extent to which transport contributes to diclofop-methyl efficacy is questioned.

Interactions of Diclofop-Methyl and 2,4-D in Cultivated Oats (Avena sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Fletcher ◽  
D. M. Drexler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Methyl Methyl ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Leaf Segments ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Formation

The chlorophyll levels and growth of oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Elgin’) seedlings were drastically reduced after foliar application of diclofop-methyl {methyl 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate}. The leaves were chlorotic and necrotic with the newly emerging leaves being most affected. Plants treated with 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were similar to the controls. When 2,4-D was applied to intact plants in combination with diclofop-methyl the toxicity symptoms produced by diclofop-methyl were reduced. Diclofop-methyl disrupted membrane integrity and inhibited chlorophyll formation in excised leaf segments. Addition of 2,4-D with diclofop-methyl did not change the effects produced by diclofop-methyl alone in excised leaf segments.

Control of Wild Cane in Corn

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The most effective and dependable method of controlling wild cane [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in corn (Zea mays L.) was with a combination of cultivation plus herbicides. Timely cultivations were equally or more effective than preplant herbicides in controlling wild cane, but neither method was adequate by itself. The best herbicide in this study for the control of wild cane in corn was S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) alone or in combination with (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) or 2-chloro-4,6-bis-(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine). Residual effects of simazine at 4 lb/A in the soil reduced the yield of the following oats (Avena sativa L.) crop 1 out of 3 years.

scholarly journals Fenoxaprop Activity Influenced by Auxin-like Herbicide Application Timing

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1518-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Dernoeden ◽  
M.A. Fidanza
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

Fenoxaprop is used on turfgrasses to control smooth crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Sweib.) Schreb. ex Muhl.] and other annual grass weeds. Our objective was to determine if a broadleaf weed herbicide (BWH = 2,4-D + mecoprop + dicamba) would affect fenoxaprop activity. The BWH was applied several days or weeks before and after fenoxaprop was applied. Smooth crabgrass control by fenoxaprop was reduced significantly when the BWH was applied ≤14 days before fenoxaprop was applied. Extremely poor crabgrass control occurred when fenoxaprop was tank-mixed with the BWH. There was no reduction in crabgrass control when the BWH was applied 21 days before or ≥3 days after fenoxaprop. Chemical names used: ethyl ester of (±)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid (fenoxaprop); 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D); (+)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (mecoprop); 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba).

Root Disfunction in Honeyvine Milkweed Caused by 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Coble ◽  
F. W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Foliar applications of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) to both field- and greenhouse-grown honeyvine milkweed (Ampelamus albidus(Nutt.) Britt.) caused 22% and 36% reduction in starch in roots at 2 and 3 days after treatment, respectively. No changes in soluble sugars occurred during the period, but protein had increased by 35% and 80% on the two respective dates. No increase in α-amylase was measured. Leakage of nucleotides and α-amylase from root sections began 2 days after treatment. A 20 to 30-fold increase in cellulase activity occurred in roots of treated plants starting 2 days after treatment.

Influence of Picloram Alone or Plus 2,4-D on Control of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) with Four Postemergence Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ashley O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted for 2 yr to determine the influence of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and a commercial mixture of picloram plus 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] (1:16, w/w) on control of wild oats (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) with four postemergence herbicides. The phytotoxicity to wild oats of barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) or difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) in 1981 and diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy] propanoic acid} or flamprop [N-benzoyl-N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-DL-alanine] in 1981 and 1982 was reduced when these herbicides were applied in a mixture with picloram plus 2,4-D. Consequently, the use of these mixtures for broad-spectrum weed control in one spray operation is not recommended. Picloram applied at a rate equivalent to the amount present in the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture did not influence the control of wild oats obtained with any herbicide, indicating that the antagonism was due to the 2,4-D component of the picloram plus 2,4-D mixture.

Antagonistic Effects of MCPA on Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control with Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Olson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Inhibition

Experiments were conducted in the field, greenhouse, and controlled environment chambers to determine the extent to which MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid} antagonizes wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) control with diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Wild oat control with diclofop at 1 kg/ha was reduced from 96% when used alone to 76, 48, 31, and 14% by tank mixture with IAA (3-indole acetic acid), MCPA, 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), respectively. Wild oat control with diclofop applied alone at 1.1 kg/ha was similar to that of diclofop at 2.2 kg/ha applied as a tank mixture with MCPA at 0.15 or 0.3 kg/ha. MCPA antagonism of wild oat control with diclofop increased as the post-treatment temperature increased from 10 to 30 C. MCPA antagonism of wild oat control with diclofop was the same whether the herbicides were applied to the foliage only or to the foliage and soil. Approximately 20% of the wild oat root inhibition with diclofop applied postemergence, however, was from diclofop uptake from the soil. MCPA at 0.6 kg/ha did not reduce wild oat control when applied as a sequential treatment 2 days before or 1 day after diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha.

Diclofop and MCPA Influence on Coleoptile Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Olson ◽  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Glen L. Schroeder ◽  
Murray E. Duysen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Acetic Acid Concentration ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Coleoptile Growth ◽  
Corn Inbred ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Experiments were conducted using theAvenacoleoptile straight-growth test to determine the influence of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-diclorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}, as the acid or methyl ester, and MCPA {[(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy] acetic acid} on coleoptile growth of several species. Diclofop ester was a three-fold stronger inhibitor of oat (Avena sativaL. ‘Terra’) coleoptile growth than the free acid. The concentration of diclofop ester needed to inhibit 50% of the oat coleoptile growth was not influenced by IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) concentration. Oat coleoptile growth in the presence of 5 μM IAA plus 5 μM diclofop ester increased for 2 h after treatment and then decreased, so that the coleoptile length was less at the end of the 24-h assay period than at the beginning of the diclofop-ester treatment. Diclofop ester inhibited the coleoptile growth of wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) > oat > wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Era’) > corn (Zea maysL. inbred ‘A-239’) > corn inbred ‘CI-66’. MCPA added to the treatment solution did not overcome oat coleoptile growth inhibition from diclofop ester or acid.

Absorption and Translocation of Herbicides with Lipid Compounds

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Grzegorz A. Skrzypczak ◽  
Greg R. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Lipid Compounds ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Absorption and translocation of14C following14C-fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid} butyl ester and14C-sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} application to oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Lyon’) was greater when the herbicides were applied with oleic acid, linoleic acid, or fatty acid methyl esters compared to various triglycerides. The methyl esters of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids enhanced14C absorption and translocation when applied with14C-fluazifop and14C-sethoxydim, except that the methyl ester of stearic acid did not enhance14C absorption and translocation when applied with14C-sethoxydim. The absorption and translocation of14C following the application of14C-CGA-82725 {(±)-2-[4-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyloxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid)-2-propynylester},14C-diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid},14C-fluazifop, and14C-sethoxydim were generally enhanced equally or greater by the methyl ester of sunflower (Helianthus annumL.) oil than by petroleum oil additive or once refined sunflower oil. Methylated sunflower oil was equally or more effective as an additive than petroleum oil in enhancing grass control with fluazifop and sethoxydim in a field experiment.

Detoxification of 2,4-D by Several Plant Species

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Dexter ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
H. S. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Susceptible Plant ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The amount of free, unaltered (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) in resistant and susceptible plant species 1, 4, and 8 days after treatment was determined by three procedures. Centrifugation and chromatography of plant homogenates was a more reliable assay than trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation or dialysis procedures. The foliar penetration of 14C-2-4-D and radioactivity which moved from roots into the growth media following foliar application of 14C-2,4-D varied from one plant species to another, but no general correlations with 2,4-D resistance was observed. The resistant burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) were not fatally injured primarily because unaltered 2,4-D was immobilized in the treated leaves and unaltered, free 2,4-D was reduced to nontoxic concentrations. The 2,4-D in susceptible cocklebur (Xanthium sp.) remained largely as free and mobile 2,4-D, and the treated plants were near death 8 days after treatment.

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