Cocklebur Control in Soybeans as Affected by Cultivars, Seeding Rates, and Methods of Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Mcwhorter ◽  
W. L. Barrentine
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Row Width ◽  
And Control

Four field experiments were conducted to study the effects of row width, cultivation, soybean population, soybean cultivar, and herbicides on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] yields and control of common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.). When the same herbicide practices were applied to all treatments, common cocklebur was controlled better in soybeans planted in 100-cm rows and grown with cultivation than in those planted in 18 or 33-cm rows and grown without cultivation. Increased soybean yields and better common cocklebur control were obtained when soybean populations were increased from 80,000 to 350,000 plants/ha. Common cocklebur reduced the yield of ‘Bragg’, one of the most competitive cultivars, 7% when grown in 100-cm rows with cultivation and 39% when grown in 33-cm rows without cultivation. The yields of six other cultivars were reduced about 20% in 100-cm rows and 32% to 52% in 33-cm rows. Cross cultivation controlled common cocklebur more effectively than did conventional cultivation in 100-cm rows, but cross cultivation was not advantageous when metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] and bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] were applied.

Effect of herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
R. S. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Weed Infestation

Two field experiments were conducted during the kharif (rainy) season of 1999 and 2000 on a loamy sand soil to study the effect of various pre- and post-emergence herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean. The presence of weeds in the weedy control plots resulted in 58.8 and 58.1% reduction in the grain yield in the two years compared to two hand weedings (HW) at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), which gave grain yields of 1326 and 2029 kg ha-1. None of the herbicides was significantly superior to the two hand weedings treatment in influencing the grain yield. However, the pre-emergence application of 0.75 kg ha-1 S-metolachlor, and 0.5 kg ha-1 pendimethalin (pre-emergence) + HW 30 DAS were at par or numerically superior to this treatment. There was a good negative correlation between the weed dry matter at harvest and the grain yield of soybean, which showed that effective weed control is necessary for obtaining higher yields of soybean.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

Soybean (Glycine Max) Cultivar Tolerance to San 582H and Metolachlor As Influenced by Soil Moisture

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Osborne ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Randall L. Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Crop Height ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Leaf Drop

Field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992 to evaluate differential soybean cultivar tolerance to SAN 582H and metolachlor applied PRE, as influenced by soil moisture. Eighteen d after planting, a 3× rate of SAN 582H (3.0 kg ai ha−1) reduced plant populations of ‘Wright,’ ‘Bedford,’ and ‘Stonewall’ and metolachlor did not. At leaf drop, neither herbicide reduced crop height with optimum moisture. With excessive moisture, 3× rates of SAN 582H reduced plant height of Wright, Bedford, ‘Walters,’ ‘Young,’ ‘Brim,’ and ‘Bryan,’ and metolachlor reduced height of ‘Sharkey.’ The greatest yield reductions were due to excessive moisture, regardless of herbicide. Neither herbicide reduced yields with optimum moisture nor did a 1× rate with excessive moisture. However, with excessive moisture, a 3× rate of metolachlor (5.0 kg ai ha−1) reduced yield of Bedford by 470 kg ha−1, and the 3× rate of SAN 582H reduced yield of ‘Rhodes,’ Walters, and ‘Centennial’ more than 500 kg ha−1. Overall, soybean tolerance to both herbicides was good, but if used above recommended rates and with excessive moisture, injury can occur.

Effect of Tillage Systems on the Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Imazaquin and Imazethapyr in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Mills ◽  
William W. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Giant Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactions of tillage systems with imazaquin and imazethapyr on weed control and soybean injury and yield. Control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail from imazaquin and imazethapyr in conventional tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in no-tillage. However, under limited rainfall, weed control in no-tillage was generally equal to or greater than control in conventional tillage. Reductions in soybean heights due to herbicide treatment were evident in both tillage systems in 1985 and 1986 but not in. Soybean yields were reduced in 1985 from imazaquin at 140, 210, and 250 g/ha and imazethapyr at 105 and 140 g/ha. Yields were not reduced in 1986 and. Imazaquin and imazethapyr appear to provide adequate control of jimsonweed, common cocklebur, ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, and giant foxtail in conventional and no-till systems.

Soybean (Glycine max) Response to Chlorimuron and Imazaquin as Influenced by Soil Moisture

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Newsom ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to evaluate differential soybean cultivar tolerance to chlorimuron and imazaquin applied PPI, as influenced by soil moisture. Natural rainfall was supplemented with irrigation to achieve three moisture regimes: low (nonirrigated), optimum (5 cm wk–1), and excessive (15 cm wk–1). Imazaquin at 140 g ai ha–1did not adversely affect height or yield of cultivars under any of the moisture regimes. Excessive moisture, regardless of herbicide treatment, reduced height and yield with many of the cultivars. Chlorimuron at 80 g ai ha–1caused additional plant height reductions of 8 cm or more with ‘Asgrow 5403% ‘Asgrow 5979’, ‘Coker 686’, ‘Asgrow 6785’, ‘Hartz 6686’, and 'Sharkey’ in the excessive moisture regime, and yield was reduced 450 kg ha–1or more with ‘Hutcheson’, ‘Terra-Vig 515’, Coker 686, Asgrow 6785, and Hartz 6686. Chlorimuron in the optimum moisture regime reduced the height of Coker 686 and ‘Deltapine 566’ 10 and 11 cm, respectively; however, no yield reductions were noted.

Interference and Control of Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Southern Sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus) in Forage Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
John S. Richburg
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Competitive Species ◽  
And Control ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in central Alabama to evaluate competitiveness of large crabgrass and southern sandbur with ‘Tifton 78’ hybrid bermudagrass as influenced by diuron application and sprigging rate. Large crabgrass was the more competitive species. In late season, bermudagrass ground cover with no weed competition was 96% compared with 72 and 81% where large crabgrass and southern sandbur, respectively, were present. Similarly, large crabgrass and southern sandbur reduced the proportion of bermudagrass in the cumulative harvested forage by at least 59 and 38%, respectively. Application of diuron preemergence (PRE) at 1.1 kg ai/ha was more effective than postemergence (POST) application, both in terms of weed control and bermudagrass safety. With diuron applied PRE, large crabgrass and southern sandbur reduced the proportion of bermudagrass in the harvested forage only 32 and 25%, respectively. Increasing bermudagrass sprigging rate was beneficial for weed control but of relatively minor importance compared with diuron PRE.

Integrating Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides and Cultivation for Broadleaf Weed Control in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Michael S. Defelice ◽  
Barry D. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Full Rate ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

The interaction of reduced rates of bentazon, chlorimuron, imazaquin, and imazethapyr with cultivation for broadleaf weed control in soybeans was investigated in field experiments conducted at three sites in Missouri in 1987 and 1988. Single reduced-rate herbicide applications provided soybean yields equal to full rates although visual weed control was slightly lower. Sequential applications of all four herbicides at reduced rates provided weed control and soybean yields equal to full-rate applications. The number of velvetleaf plants m−2and seeds plant−1were not influenced by herbicide, herbicide rate, or application timing. Cultivation improved weed control and soybean yield and decreased late-season weed populations and seed production.

Roller Applicator for Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Control in Row Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Schneider ◽  
Curt B. Koehler ◽  
James S. Schepers ◽  
Orvin C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Crop Injury

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted with a roller applicator at Lincoln, Nebraska, during 1979 and 1980. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% and carpet saturations of 50 and 75% controlled shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] when applied to the top 30 cm of the plant in greenhouse research. In the field, glyphosate concentrations of 5 to 20% with a carpet saturation of 50% controlled shattercane acceptably in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.], but a concentration of 2.5% with 25% carpet saturation did not. Weed control was comparable whether speed of application was 3.2, 6.4, or 9.6 km/h. Shattercane control in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] was excellent at glyphosate concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% and at carpet saturations of 50 and 75%, and sorghum injury was minimal at 25 and 50% carpet saturations. The roller applicator was compared to a ropewick applicator for shattercane control in sorghum. Excellent weed control (90% or greater) with minimal crop injury was obtained with the roller applicator at glyphosate concentrations of 10 and 20% at application speeds of 3.2 and 6.4 km/h and with the ropewick applicator with glyphosate concentrations of 35 and 50% applied at 3.2, 6.4, and 9.6 km/h.

Improving Soybean (Glycine Max) Tolerance to AC 263,222 by Limiting Terminal Exposure

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Newsom ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments were established to evaluate the effects of various band widths left open directly over the soybean row to improve soybean tolerance to AC 263,222 and chlorimuron applied POST, while maintaining weed control. Drop tubes with even fan tips extended below the spray boom to within 40 and 30 cm from the ground to obtain 5 and 10 cm open bands at the soybean terminals. AC 263,222 applied broadcast at 13, 18, and 36 g ai ha-1injured soybean 14, 16, and 32%, respectively, 3 DAT. AC 263,222 at 36 g ha-1applied with a 5-cm and 10-cm open band injured soybean 11 and 3%, respectively. Chlorimuron injury was 12% or less for all treatments. Metribuzin followed by AC 263,222 or chlorimuron was not more injurious to soybean than AC 263,222 or chlorimuron alone. Metribuzin PRE followed by 36 g ha-1AC 263,222 applied in a 10-cm open band controlled sicklepod and pitted morningglory 86 and 92%, respectively, 6 WAT. Sicklepod control was similar with open-band treatments compared to the same rate applied broadcast; however, 18 g ha-1AC 263,222 applied in a 10-cm open band provided less pitted morningglory control than the broadcast treatment. Soybean treated with herbicides in a band produced yields similar to or greater than soybean treated with the same herbicides broadcast. Metribuzin followed by 36 g ha-1AC 263,222 with a 10-cm open band resulted in a soybean yield of 2840 kg ha-1, which was greater than any other herbicide treatment and equivalent to the weed-free check.

Effect of Adjuvants on Weed Control and Soybean (Glycine max) Tolerance with AC 263,222

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Pitted Morningglory ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments were established to observe the effects of adjuvants and time of application on weed control and ‘Terra-Vig 515’ soybean tolerance with POST applications of AC 263,222. A nonionic surfactant or a crop oil concentrate increased sicklepod control with AC 263,222 applied at either V2 or V6 soybean growth stages. Sicklepod control increased as AC 263,222 was increased from 35 to 70 g ai ha–1only when applied without an adjuvant. Late in the season, there was no difference in sicklepod control between V2 and V6 applications. Adjuvants and application timing within herbicide treatments had no effect on pitted morningglory control, and, though adjuvants increased common cocklebur control, all treatments controlled more than 85% of both species. AC 263,222 with adjuvants at all rates and timings injured and stunted soybean more 2 wk after treatment compared to AC 263,222 alone. AC 263,222 at 35 or 70 g ha–1with crop oil concentrate reduced yields more than AC 263,222, with either a surfactant or no adjuvant when applied to V2 soybeans.

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